Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernan McMullin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Planetary Motion ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Magnetic Action ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
The Way

Kepler’s mathematical analysis of Brahe’s observations of the motions of Mars enabled him to formulate the descriptive ‘laws’ of planetary motion, thus giving heliocentric astronomy an empirical basis far more accurate than it had before. He insisted that astronomy had to discover the causes of the motions that the laws described, in this way becoming a ‘physics of the sky’. In the pursuit of this goal, he formulated the notion of distance-dependent forces between sun and planet, and guessed that gravity could be explained as an attraction between heavy bodies and their home planets, analogous to magnetic action, thus pointing the way for Newton’s theory of gravity.

scholarly journals A SMALL BUT NONZERO COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. JACK NG ◽  
H. VAN DAM
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Scale Factor ◽  
Cosmological Constant Problem ◽  
Cosmic Scale ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
The Way

Recent astrophysical observations seem to indicate that the cosmological constant is small but nonzero and positive. The old cosmological constant problem asks why it is so small; we must now ask, in addition, why it is nonzero (and is in the range found by recent observations), and why it is positive. In this essay, we try to kill these three metaphorical birds with one stone. That stone is the unimodular theory of gravity, which is the ordinary theory of gravity, except for the way the cosmological constant arises in the theory. We argue that the cosmological constant becomes dynamical, and eventually, in terms of the cosmic scale factor R(t), it takes the form Λ(t)=Λ(t0)(R(t0)/R(t))2, but not before the epoch corresponding to the redshift parameter z~1.

scholarly journals Music from the Forest: on 'culture' among the Xokleng

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-454
Author(s):  
Kaio Domingues Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
The Way

This text reflects on some of the meanings denoted by forest music in the Xokleng universe, focusing in particular on the dimensions of ‘culture,’ politics and mythic time. With this aim in mind, the text briefly describes some of the native conceptions of both this music and the rituals during which it is performed. The progressive transformation enabled by the mythic episode of leaving the forest and the contemporary appropriations of its indexes (appropriations which the group’s ethics and aesthetics hold to be adequate) form the empirical basis for the way in which this music is perceived by the indigenous people concerned.

Wider Impacts of Megaprojects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Vickerman
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
The Way

The assessment of wider economic impacts from transport projects has become more widespread, but still provokes considerable debate. This chapter reviews the theoretical and empirical basis of such impacts and shows how the argument has developed, from a straightforward assessment of the way changes in the effective density of labor markets impact on productivity, to arguments about the transformational effects of megaprojects on the economy as a whole. It is concluded that although there are firm foundations for the existence of such additional impacts, more still needs to be done to establish a robust methodology for their acceptance.

The New Ethics of Neuroethics

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM BULLER
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Present Understanding ◽  
The Way

Abstract:According to a familiar distinction, neuroethics incorporates the neuroscience of ethics and the ethics of neuroscience. Within neuroethics, these two parts have provoked distinct and separate lines of inquiry, and there has been little discussion of how the two parts overlap. In the present article, I try to draw a connection between these two parts by considering the implications that are raised for ethics by scientific findings about the way we make moral decisions. The main argument of the article is that although neuroscience is “stretching” ethics by revealing the empirical basis of our moral decisions and, thereby, challenging our present understanding of the dominant ethical theories, substantial further questions remain regarding the impact that neuroscience will have on ethics more broadly.

scholarly journals About Symbolic Integration in the Course of Mathematical Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-106
Author(s):  
Mikhail D. Malykh ◽  
◽  
Anton L. Sevastianov ◽  
Leonid A. Sevastianov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Set Theory ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Relational Databases ◽  
Symbolic Integration ◽  
The Way

The work of transforming a database from one format periodically appears in different organizations for various reasons. Today, the mechanism for changing the format of relational databases is well developed. But with the advent of new types of database such as NoSQL, this problem was exacerbated due to the radical difference in the way data was organized. This article discusses a formalized method based on set theory, at the choice of the number and composition of collections for a key-value type database. The initial data are the properties of the objects, information about which is stored in the database, and the set of queries that are most frequently executed or the speed of which should be maximized. The considered method can be applied not only when creating a new key-value database, but also when transforming an existing one, when moving from relational databases to NoSQL, when consolidating databases.

scholarly journals Psychology and COVID-19: impacts, themes and way forward

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Anthony L Pillay ◽  
Brendon R Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Societal Impacts ◽  
The Way

COVID-19 has brought a new set of challenges at a time when poorer nations were struggling with existing burdens. However, the lockdown restrictions aimed at slowing the infection rate has created problems of their own such as increased unemployment, poverty, and mental health problems. While the lockdown approach may be effective for public health, there is concern about the way it is formulated, the empirical basis of some restrictions, and societal impacts. There is additional concern that COVID-19 and associated restrictions disproportionately affect marginalised groups. As a discipline primarily concerned with human behaviour, Psychology has much to contribute to addressing the pandemic.

scholarly journals CHAPTER 4 When the Wind is the Answer: The Use of Bob Dylan Songs in Worship Services in Protestant Churches

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Pål Ketil Botvar
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Popular Music ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Bob Dylan ◽  
Worship Service ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
Worship Services ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way

The songs of Bob Dylan are often used in the worship services of Protestant, and especially Lutheran, churches in Scandinavia. Since the mid-1990s more than 100 so-called Dylan masses have been celebrated in Norway alone. This can be explained partly by the fact that Dylan has been recognized as a major artist in all sections of society, and partly by the fact that the national Lutheran churches have accepted popular music as a natural part of their worship. In this article, I look more closely at the reasons behind the use of Bob Dylan’s music in worship in Scandinavia and examine the discussion around this that has been going on within church communities. My empirical basis consists of interviews with ten ministers and church musicians. The material shows that different types of argumentation are used with regard to the use of Dylan’s music in the church, and that this is related to the respondent’s approach to popular culture in general and the way in which they regard the worship service.

The Royal Society and the deviation of the compass

1977 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-309 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Tentative Method ◽  
Magnetic Compass ◽  
Earth’S Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Action ◽  
Earth's Magnetic Field

THE compensation of the effect of the ship’s magnetism on a magnetic compass placed on board is effected by means of ‘correctors’ in the form of permanent magnets (which collectively neutralize the permanent magnetic action of the ship on the compass needle), and soft iron correctors (which collectively neutralize those components of the ship’s magnetism resulting from induction by the Earth’s magnetic field). The mathematical analysis of the effect of ship magnetism on a magnetic compass is not without difficulty; but, fortunately for the navigator, the process of compensation by a simple tentative method, first suggested by Airy in 1839 and perfected by Thomson in the late 1870s, is relatively easy.

scholarly journals Vulnerable Normality: Popular Neuroimaging and the Discursive Logic of the (Dis)able(d) Brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Kristofer Hansson ◽  
Ellen Suneson
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Empirical Material ◽  
The Way

The aim of this article is to analyse popular neuroimaging of (dis)able(d) brains as a cultural phenomenon, as well as to explore how there has been, during the last decades, a subtle but important change in the way “normal” brains are depicted in popular science. Popular neuroimaging is introduced and used as an empirical basis to analyse what Fiona Kumari Campbell sees as a critique against ableism. The empirical material consists of two British popular science documentaries (both produced by the BBC) on the topic of the brain: Human Brain (1983), and Brain Story (2004). The article argues that the position of normality and able-bodiedness has changed as the development of brain scanning techniques has emerged. In particular, there seems to have been a change in how the brain is visualized and talked about. New frameworks for understanding normality, disability and vulnerability have appeared. Furthermore, we claim that this shift needs to be studied from a theoretical perspective that analyses the discursive logic of the (dis)able(d) brain where an indistinctness transpires and creates a form of vulnerable normality.

scholarly journals Uncovering today’s rationalistic attunement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Schuetze ◽  
Imke von Maur
Keyword(s):  
Martin Heidegger ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Western Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis Calculation ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Affect Dynamics ◽  
The Way ◽  
Affective Structure

AbstractIn this paper, we explore a rationalistic orientation in Western society. We suggest that this orientation is one of the predominant ways in which Western society tends to frame, understand and deal with a majority of problems and questions – namely in terms of mathematical analysis, calculation and quantification, relying on logic, numbers, and statistics. Our main goal in this paper is to uncover the affective structure of this rationalistic orientation. In doing so, we illustrate how this orientation structures the way not only individuals but society as a whole frames and solves problems. We firstly point towards some exemplary instances of the rationalistic orientation, specifically regarding science, society, and lifeworld practice. Crucially, we argue that the rationalistic orientation is not merely based on a set of beliefs we could easily correct; but rather, that it is an affective condition tacitly shaping our engagement with the world in an encompassing way. Relating to the work of Martin Heidegger, we argue that what we have called an orientation in the beginning is in fact a rationalistic attunement. This attunement fundamentally shapes the pre-reflective level of how individuals approach the world. We elaborate this claim by showing how the rationalistic attunement concretely manifests in tangible socio-material affect dynamics. In the end, we motivate a critical stance towards this attunement, providing the ability to reflect upon and question instances where this way of framing and solving problems is counterproductive.

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