Temporary Labor Migration or Immigration? “Guest Workers” in the Federal Republic of Germany

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Heckmann
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2020) (3) ◽  
pp. 879-919
Author(s):  
Ana Šela ◽  
David Hazemali

In this paper the authors present the tracking and monitoring of Slovenian guest workers, who were temporarily living and working in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1970s, by the State Security Service. By analysing archival material of the Slovenian political police about the activities and associations of Slovenes in the Federal Republic of Germany, which is kept by the Archive of the Republic of Slovenia and using a selection of scientific works of domestic and foreign historiography, the authors present the process of emigration from the Socialist Republic of Slovenia to the Federal Republic of Germany from a west German and Yugoslav perspective. They also present how the State Security Service tracked Slovenian guest workers in the FRG during the 1970s and which groups of emigrees it paid special attention to. Here the authors concentrate on the tracking of Slovenian emigree clergy and emigree press, both groups having had large cultural influence on other Slovenian guest workers while they lived and worked in the Federal Republic of Germany.


Author(s):  
MARK J. MILLER

Postwar Western European foreign-worker policies generally evolved in an ad hoc, piecemeal fashion and were characterized by a lack of long-term planning and coordination with emigrant-sending countries. In some instances official immigration policies were poorly implemented or unenforced, and therefore unofficial, de facto policies emerged. In other cases official assumptions concerning postwar labor migration persisted long after they had been shown to be inadequate, contributing to inconsistencies between declared and de facto policies. Policy ad-hocracy arose from the disjuncture between official and de facto policies, from an inability to foresee the outcomes of policy decisions and subsequently to harmonize public policies with the unplanned situations that developed, as well as from the poor adaptation of sovereign states to transnational policy processes. Immigration policy ad-hocracy resulted in largely unplanned settlement and persisting policy dilemma or malaise. Specific examples are examined in France, Switzerland, and the Federal Republic of Germany to illustrate the general patterns and to suggest some significant variations across national contexts.


1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 312-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michaelis

Abstract:In addition to the medical education in the Federal Republic of Germany which includes a compulsory Medical Informatics course there exists a formal program for professional qualification of physicians in Medical Informatics. After two years of clinical practice and 1.5 years of professional training at an authorized institution, a physician may receive in addition to the medical degree a “supplement Medical Informatics”. The qualification requirements are described in detail. Physicians with the additional Medical Informatics qualification perform responsible tasks in their medical domain and serve as partners for fully specialized Medical Informatics ex-’ perts in the solution of practical Medical Informatics problems. The formal qualification is available for more than 10 years, has become increasingly attractive, and is expected to grow with respect to future Medical Informatics developments.


1963 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Knapp ◽  
W. Lenz

SummaryIn 1961 an increase in certain congenital malformations was noticed in various parts of the Federal Republic of Germany. From the outset, it seemed very probable that a single cause was responsible, since, although these malformations varied, they appeared to belong to one and the same syndrome. For general reasons, such causes as radioactivity, contraceptives, attempted abortions or virus diseases did not provide an acceptable explanation. The epidemiology was, however, suggestive of some chemical substance taken orally.After thalidomide had been indicated in several histories, suspicion of that drug was aroused and, within one week, intake of it could be proved or was found to be very likely in 17 out of 20 cases, while in the remaining cases it could not be excluded. Though this first result was highly significant, we were at first reluctant to incriminate thalidomide definitely, because there was still some doubt about the reliability of the histories. But within a few weeks, the thalidomide aetiology received support from many sources. Specific studies on limited material are sometimes superior to extensive, broadly planned investigations.


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