Concepts and a Model for the Comparison of Medical Systems as Cultural Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Arthur Kleinman
Keyword(s):  
Medical Systems ◽  
Cultural Systems

Commentaries and Rejoinder on

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Gong ◽  
Douglas L. Medin ◽  
Tal Eyal ◽  
Nira Liberman ◽  
Yaacov Trope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Psychological Distance ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Moral Cognition ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Moral Condemnation ◽  
Construal Levels

In the hope to resolve the two sets of opposing results concerning the effects of psychological distance and construal levels on moral judgment, Žeželj and Jokić (2014) conducted a series of four direct replications, which yielded divergent patterns of results. In our commentary, we first revisit the consistent findings that lower-level construals induced by How/Why manipulation lead to harsher moral condemnation than higher-level construals. We then speculate on the puzzling patterns of results regarding the role of temporal distance in shaping moral judgment. And we conclude by discussing the complexity of morality and propose that it may be important to incorporate cultural systems into the study of moral cognition.

Track 2.a Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sucharita BENIWAL ◽  
Sahil MATHUR ◽  
Lesley-Ann NOEL ◽  
Cilla PEMBERTON ◽  
Suchitra BALASUBRAHMANYAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Local Practices

The aim of this track was to question the divide between the nature of knowledge understood as experiential in indigenous contexts and science as an objective transferable knowledge. However, these can co-exist and inform design practices within transforming social contexts. The track aimed to challenge the hegemony of dominant knowledge systems, and demonstrate co-existence. The track also hoped to make a case for other systems of knowledges and ways of knowing through examples from native communities. The track was particularly interested in, first, how innovators use indigenous and cultural systems and frameworks to manage or promote innovation and second, the role of local knowledge and culture in transforming innovation as well as the form of local practices inspired innovation. The contributions also aspired to challenge through examples, case studies, theoretical frameworks and methodologies the hegemony of dominant knowledge systems, the divides of ‘academic’ vs ‘non-academic’ and ‘traditional’ vs ‘non-traditional’.

In-vivo evaluation of lipid lowering ability of Chloris paraguaiensis extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Pavani C H
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Control

Hyperlipidemia is the immediate results of the excessive fat intake in food. This results in the elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. This leads to heart conditions like CAD, hypertension, congestive heart failure as risk factors which can be lethal. There are many drugs to treat and control the lipids levels in the body. These drugs are either designed to prevent LDL accumulation and VLDL synthesis. Some drugs also lower the elevated levels of saturated lipids in the body. But many drugs are known to cause side effects and adverse effects; therefore, alternatives to the drugs are the subjects for current investigations. Herbs and medicinal plants are used as treatment sources for many years. They have been used in the Indian medical systems like Ayurveda, Siddha etc. As the application of herbs in the treatment is growing, there is an urgent need for the establishment of Pharmacological reasoning and standardization of the activity of the medicinal plants. Chloris paraguaiensis Steud. is Poyaceae member that is called locally as Uppugaddi. Traditionally it is used to treat Rheumatism, Diabetes, fever and diarrhoea. The chemical constituents are known to have anti-oxidant properties and most of the anti-oxidants have anti-hyperlipidemic activity too. Since the plant has abundant flavonoid and phenol content, the current research focusses on the investigation of the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of the plant Chloris extracts. Extracts of Chloris at 200mg/kg showed a comparably similar anti hyperlipidemia activity to that of the standard drug. The extracts showed a dose based increase in the activity at 100 and 200mg/kg body weight.

Antipyretic activity of the root extracts of Desmodium Gangeticum

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Raja Sheker K ◽  
Naveen B ◽  
Anil kumar A ◽  
Abhilash G
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effective Drugs

Fevers are considered as the most important parameters to evaluate and diagnose most of the disease conditions like inflammations, wounds and other infections. There are effective drugs that treat and control the fevers out of which NSAID's are most important ones. They cause notable side effects like gastric ulcers, gastric mucosal perforations etc. which make the use of those drugs limited. Herbs are used to treat various diseases, starting from the evolution of the human race. During this, herbs had been introduced to many types of tests and scientific investigations to prove the activities that herbs possess. The diseases that the herbs are used for are notable in the medical systems like Ayurveda and other systems. The need for the validation of the activities of the herbs and medicinal plants is utmost important these days. The extracts of the plant leaves of Desmodium gangeticum were extracted with ethanol and then investigated for the antipyretic activity in yeast induced pyretic method. The extract was tested in two doses 200 and 400mg/kg. This was found significant when compared to the standard drug.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ СИСТЕМ ЭКСТРАКОРПОРАЛЬНОГО СОЗРЕВАНИЯ ООЦИТОВ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СТРУКТУРНЫХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ОВАРИАЛЬНЫХ ФОЛЛИКУЛОВ *

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
T.I. KUZMINA ◽  
I.V. CHISTYAKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Fetal Bovine Serum ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
Fetal Bovine

Создание эффективной унифицированной системы дозревания донорских ооцитов обеспечит повышение результативности инновационных клеточных репродуктивных технологий. В исследовании проведен сравнительный мониторинг показателеймейотического созревания ооцитов коров, созревших в различных системах, дополненных структурными компонентами фолликулов (СКФ стенки фолликулов, клетки гранулезы, белки) и фолликулярной жидкостью,а также потенций к развитию из них доимплантационных эмбрионов. Анализу подверглись ооциты, прокультивированные в следующих системах:среда ТС199 с добавлением 10 фетальной бычьей сыворотки (ФБС), 50 мкг/мл эстрадиола, 10 мкг/мл лютеинизирующего гормона (ЛГ), 10 мкг/мл фолликулостимулирующего гормона (ФСГ) среда ТС199 с 10 эстральной сывороткой коров среда ТС199 с 50 жидкости из фолликулов диаметром 9 мм среда ТС199 с добавлением белков фолликулярной жидкости молекулярной массой 65 кДасреда ТС199 с 10 ФБС и 1106 клеток гранулезы среда ТС199 с 10 ФБС и тканью фолликула. В культуральные среды ко всем исследованным группам ооцитов добавляли антибиотики. Использование CКФ обеспечило значительное снижение доли ооцитов с дегенерированным хроматином, что способствовало увеличению уровня доимпланационных эмбрионов на стадии бластоцисты. Так, доля бластоцист, развившихся из ооцитов, созревших в среде со стенками фолликулов,составила43,5. В этой же группе выявлен минимальный уровень дегенерированных зародышей (6,45). Полученные данные предлагается использовать при моделировании систем дозревания ооцитов коров с целью повышения качества яйцеклеток.The creation of an effective unified maturation system of donor oocytes provides an increase in the efficiency of innovative cellular reproductive technologies. The comparative analysis of the meiotic maturation indicators of bovine oocytes, which were matured in different cultural systems modified by follicular structural components (FSC follicular walls, granulosa cells, proteins) and follicular fluid, as well as the potential for preimplantation embryonic development were evaluated in this study. Oocytes matured in following cultural systems: medium TC199 supplemented with 10 fetal bovine serum and 50 g/ml of estradiol, 10 g/ml of luteinizing hormone (LH), 10 g/ml of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) medium TC199 with 10 estrous cow serum medium TC199 with 50 liquid from follicles with a diameter of 9 mm medium TC199 supplemented with the follicular fluid proteins with molecular weight 65 kDa medium TC199 with 10 fetal bovine serum and 1106 granulosa cells medium TC199 with the addition of 10 fetal bovine serum and follicle tissues were analyzed. Antibiotics were added to cultural media of all experimental groups of oocytes. The usage of FSC ensured the decrease in the proportion of oocytes with degenerated chromatin, which contribute the rise of the level of preimplantation embryos at the blastocyst stage. Thus, the proportion of blastocysts developed from oocytes matured in medium supplemented with follicular walls was 43.5. In the same experimental group, the number of degenerated embryos was 6.45. The obtained data are supposed to be used for modeling the cultural systems of cow oocytes in order to improve the egg quality.

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