Niemeyer, Oscar (1907–2012)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The Aesthetic

Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho, better known as Oscar Niemeyer, was a prolific Brazilian architect and one of the leading Latin American exponents of international Modernism. Like Le Corbusier, whom he admired, he explored the aesthetic possibilities of reinforced concrete, but used the plasticity of the medium to transcend the rigid dogmatism of European Modernism, while evoking elements of the Brazilian landscape. His reputation rests primarily on the ceremonial buildings he created for the utopian capital of Brazil, but at the time of his death in 2012 he had completed approximately 600 works throughout the Americas, Africa, and Europe. Niemeyer attended the National School of Fine Arts in Rio de Janeiro from 1929 to 1934. He worked in the office of the influential Brazilian architect and urban planner Lúcio Costa in 1932, a professional partnership that would last decades and result in many important works of modern architecture. From 1936–1943 Niemeyer was a member of the team of Brazilian architects working with Le Corbusier on the new building for the Ministry of Education and Health in Rio de Janeiro. At the age of 29, he was assigned as a draftsman for Le Corbusier, but the changes he introduced after Le Corbusier’s departure convinced Costa to appoint him as the project's lead architect. The building, a horizontal bar bisected by a vertical slab, became an icon of Brazilian architecture and attracted international recognition.

Reidy, Affonso Eduardo (1909–1964)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Coelho Sanches Corato
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
City Council ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The City ◽  
Assistant Lecturer

The Brazilian architect and town planner Affonso Eduardo Reidy was born in Paris and studied architecture at the National School of Fine Arts of Rio de Janeiro (1926–1930). The school’s newly appointed director, Lúcio Costa, sought progressive teachers to join the faculty in an attempt to reform the school in a modernist direction. At Costa’s invitation, Reidy became an assistant lecturer upon his graduation in 1931. Reidy was also a trainee and assistant (1929–1931) of Alfred Agache, the French town planner who at the time was responsible for the master plan of Rio de Janeiro. Reidy became an architect of the city council in 1932 (Rio was Brazil’s capital at that time), and then began his thirty-year career in architectural design and planning that helped to define Brazilian modern architecture. Alongside the architect Gerson Pompeu Pinheiro, Reidy was responsible for one of Rio’s first modernist buildings, the Albergue da Boa Vontade (1931–1932). He participated in the design of the Ministry of Education and Health (1936), which became a key work of Brazilian modern architecture. To have worked on this project under the direction of Le Corbusier was a pivotal experience for the young architect.

Costa, Lúcio (1902–1998)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Goossens
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
American Modernism ◽  
National School ◽  
Relevant Work

Brazilian architect Lúcio Marçal Ferreira Ribeiro Lima Costa was a founding father and one the main exponents of Brazilian modern architecture. After passing his childhood in Europe, Costa enrolled in the National School of Beaux-Arts in Rio de Janeiro. Although his first years as a practicing architect were characterized by the influence of the neocolonial movement then in its full vigour, by 1929 Lúcio Costa became, along with Gregori Warchavchik, one of the first advocates of modern architecture in Brazil, influenced by the ideas of Le Corbusier, who had visited Brazil in 1929. Costa was given the opportunity to actively promote modern ideas when he was appointed, in 1930, as head of the National School of Beaux-Arts. One of Costa’s most significant designs from this period, and a landmark in Brazilian and Latin American Modernism, is the Ministry of Education and Public Health (1936–1945), designed with Affonso Eduardo Reidy, Oscar Niemeyer (one of Costa’s former students), and with the participation of Le Corbusier as a design consultant, among others. During his career Costa was able to combine architectural design, landscape architecture, town planning, public service, heritage protection and writing. His most relevant work is the layout of Brasília, the newly built capital city of Brazil (1956–1960).

scholarly journals Le Corbusier y el edificio del Ministerio de Educación y Salud

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Scotta
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Working Process ◽  
Incipient Stage ◽  
Final Design ◽  
The Creation

Resumen: Este artículo presenta una reflexión acerca del edificio del Ministerio de Educación y Salud, en Rio de Janeiro/ Brasil – un proyecto de varios arquitectos brasileños con la colaboración de Le Corbusier. El objetivo es analizar el procesos de la obra a partir de la comparación de tres publicaciones: Œuvre Complete 1934-1938, Brazil Builds: Architecture New and Old: 1652-1942 y Œuvre Complete 1938-1946. Con el análisis de estos tres libros se presenta una visión completa desde el proceso de diseño hasta el final de la construcción. Es decir, puede ser vista la creación de un edificio. Mientras que el primer libro muestra un proyecto incipiente, en la etapa de progreso de ideas y propuestas, el segundo - Brazil Builds - presenta la construcción en proceso. Finalmente, el último libro muestra el diseño final y las fotografías del edificio ya construido, sólo un año después de su finalización. Abstract: This paper discusses the Ministry of Education & Health building in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil - a project developed by several Brazilian architects in collaboration with Le Corbusier. The aim is to analyze the working process by comparing three publications: Œuvre Complete 1934-1938, Brazil Builds: Architecture New and Old: 1652-1942 and Œuvre Complete 1938-1946. The analysis of these three books presents a complete outlook of the building’s design, from its beginning up to its construction. In other words, one can see the creation of a building. While the first book introduces the project in an incipient stage, going through the progress of elaborating ideas and proposals, the second - Brazil Builds - presents the construction process of the building. Finally, the last book presents the final design and photographs of the building already built, just a year after being finished.Palabras clave: Brazil Builds; Le Corbusier; Arquitectura moderna brasileña. Keywords: Brazil Builds; Le Corbusier, Brazilian Modern Architecture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.567 

Modernism as Postnationalist Politics:

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-549
Author(s):  
Adnan Morshed
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Secular Humanist ◽  
Dual Commitment

After completing architectural studies in the United States in 1952, Muzharul Islam returned home to Pakistan to find the country embroiled in acrimonious politics of national identity. The young architect began his design career in the midst of bitterly divided notions of national origin and destiny, and his architectural work reflected this political debate. In Modernism as Postnationalist Politics: Muzharul Islam's Faculty of Fine Arts (1953–56), Adnan Morshed argues that Islam's Faculty of Fine Arts at Shahbagh, Dhaka, embodied his need to articulate a national identity based on the secular humanist ethos of Bengal, rather than on an Islamic religious foundation. With this iconoclastic building, Islam sought to achieve two distinctive goals: to introduce the aesthetic tenets of modern architecture to East Pakistan and to reject all references to colonial-era Indo-Saracenic architecture. The Faculty's modernism hinges on Islam's dual commitment to a secular Bengali character and universal humanity.

Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires: Public Space and Public Consciousness in Fin-de-Siècle Latin America

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Needell
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Adequate Measure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
American Cities

The Parisian Faubourg Saint Germain and perhaps the Rue de la Paix and the boulevards seemed the adequate measure of luxury to all of the snobs. The old colonial shell of the Latin American cities little approximated such scenery. The example of Baron de Haussmann and his destructive example strengthened the decision of the new bourgeoisies who wished to erase the past, and some cities began to transform their physiognomy: a sumptuous avenue, a park, a carriage promenade, a luxurious theater, modern architecture revealed that decision even when they were not always able to banish the ghost of the old city. But the bourgeoisies could nourish their illusions by facing one another in the sophisticated atmosphere of an exclusive club or a deluxe restaurant. There they anticipated the steps that would transmute “the great village” into a modern metropolis.—José Luis Romero

scholarly journals Hormigón armado y estética de la modernidad en el Colegio Alemán de Valencia. *** Reinforced concrete and modernity aesthetics at the German School of Valencia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Benet Morera
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Modern Conception ◽  
German School ◽  
Trabajo Colaborativo

El proyecto y construcción del Colegio Alemán de Valencia se desarrolla entre los años 1957 y 1961 por los arquitectos Pablo Navarro y Julio Trullenque (supervisado por Dieter Weisse y Peter Müller) adaptándose plenamente los principios de la arquitectura del Movimiento Moderno (los cinco puntos de Le Corbusier, el higienismo, etc.). Se detectan, además, influencias de prácticas constructivas y arquitectónicas propias del contexto alemán, debido al trabajo colaborativo entre ambas nacionalidades. Este es el caso de la concepción moderna del edificio como bloque dispuesto sobre una planta libre, y de su estructura de hormigón vista, y combinada con paramentos independientes de cerramiento, cuidando especialmente los acabados. Además, resulta destacable el desarrollo detallado del proyecto estructural, y el uso generalizado del hormigón armado, cuyos procesos de vertido y curado fueron rigurosamente controlados. Esto representó una innovación en Valencia, ya que la calidad constructiva por aquel entonces (desde la posguerra) era, se podría decir, precaria. Estas cuestiones ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de profundizar nuevamente sobre el edificio y su construcción, dada la significación y la pronta cronología como obra partícipe de la modernidad arquitectónica del S XX.***The project and construction of the German School of Valencia took place between 1957 and 1961 by the architects Pablo Navarro Alvargonzalez and Julio Trullenque (supervised by Rolf Dieter Weisse and Peter Müller) who fully adapted to the principles of Modern architecture. In addition, typical influences of constructive and architectural practices in the German context are detected due to the collaborative work between technicians of both nationalities (Spanish and German). This is the case of the modern conception of the building as a block arranged on a free floor and its exposed concrete structure, combined with independent enclosure walls, taking special care of the finishing. Furthermore, it is remarkable the detailed development of the structural project, and the widespread use of reinforced concrete, whose pouring and curing processes were rigorously controlled. This represented an innovation in Valencia since constructive quality from postwar period on was quite precarious. These issues bring to light the need to delve into the building and its construction once again, given the significance and early chronology as a participatory work of the architectural modenity of the 20th Century. 

Fetish, Demolition, Ruins

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-65
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Lopes de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Capitalist Society ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Experimental Theater ◽  
Fernando Ortiz

This article compares the video Reinforced Concrete (2012) by Lucas Ferraço Nassif, begun during Antje Ehmann and Harun Farocki's 2011 workshop-based project Labour in a Single Shot in Rio de Janeiro, and the performance Bustox (2014), which was carried out by the Brazilian experimental theater collective ERRO Grupo in Florianópolis. Each artwork can be read as an attempt to defetishize an idol of Brazilian capitalism, former billionaire Eike Batista. Moreover, Ehmann and Farocki's workshop can be seen as an attack on the process of fetishizing products of labor, fetishization being one of the main characteristics of capitalist society. Ehmann and Farocki's project, and consequently Nassif's video, are connected to the work of theoreticians such as Jacques Derrida and Giorgio Agamben concerning the themes of improvisation and profanation. The concept of the fetish is also revitalized by taking into consideration Latin American thinkers Fernando Ortiz and Osório César.

Cannibalizing Le Corbusier: The MES Gardens of Roberto Burle Marx

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Fraser
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Culture

In 1938 Roberto Burle Marx designed the gardens for the new Ministry of Education building in Rio de Janeiro, a building that had been designed by a team of Brazilian architects, with Le Corbusier acting as consultant. In the 1920s and 1930s, Brazilian radicals, anxious not to perpetuate the dependency of the past, often adopted an irreverent attitude toward European culture, and although Le Corbusier's visits to Brazil in 1929 and 1936 were undoubtedly influential, his ideas were not received uncritically. This paper suggests that Le Corbusier's negative attitude to aspects of the natural landscape of South America could have provided Burle Marx with an incentive for incorporating the forms of that landscape into his gardens for Brazil's first modernist skyscraper.

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