Galatasaray Exhibitions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Cultural Event ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Modern Nation State

Held in Istanbul between 1916 and 1951, the Galatasaray Exhibitions were the first annual exhibitions of art established in the Ottoman Empire, remaining an important cultural event during the single-party era of the Republic of Turkey, founded in 1923. During the Great War in Europe, when the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers and the citizens of Entente nations left, many vacated spaces in Istanbul opened to new uses. One of these was the Italian Societa Operaia, which became the dormitory for the nearby Lycée de Galatasaray. Beginning in 1916, the main hall of this dormitory was leased every summer for an annual exhibit, which came to be known as the Galatasaray Exhibitions. Works shown at the inaugural exhibit were naturalist paintings, reflecting no awareness of contemporary modernist movements—a situation that later changed with the development of the modern nation-state of Turkey. The exhibit was juried but open to all artists, and visitors were charged admission. Several works at the 1916 exhibit received prizes from the Ministry of Education and were subsequently purchased as part of the Collection of Decorated Panels, established under the auspices of the Imperial Academy of Fine Art, which included copies of many famous European paintings.

The End of the Ottoman Empire, 2017. Color, 104 min. In English, French, and German with English and German subtitles. Director: Mathilde Damoise. Distributor: Icarus Films, http://icarusfilms.com/if-otto.

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Didem Havlioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

Since the 1950s, historiographical trends in scholarship have re-considered the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent nation-state building of the Republic of Turkey. The social and political evolution of the imperial system into a nation-state has been alternatively explained through geopolitical pressures, domestic resistance, the expanding economy and modernism in Europe, and the inability of the Ottoman establishment to cope with the rapid changes of the nineteenth century. Constructing one holistic narrative of a vast time period of upheaval is a difficult endeavor for any scholar. In the case of the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of the Republic of Turkey, ethno-religious networks, two world wars, geopolitical competition between the great powers, regional and pan-regional insurgencies, demographic displacement, nationalist fervor sweeping through the Balkan and Arab provinces and into Anatolia, and finally the Kurdish armed resistance renders succinct historical narratives all but impossible to achieve. Thus, while there are many stories of the end of the Ottoman Empire, an overview of the issues for students and general audiences is a much needed, but audacious, undertaking. Yet for understanding the Middle East and Southeastern Europe today, a critical narrative must be told in all its complexity.

Smile of the Crescent: Constructing a Future Identity Out of Historical Ambiguity in İstiklal Marşi (with Translation)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Günil Özlem Ayaydin-Cebe
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
State Identity ◽  
National Anthem ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Modern Nation State

Abstract This article analyses identity construction in İstiklal Marşi (“Independence March”), the national anthem of the Republic of Turkey, within the theoretical framework of Eurocentric nation-state rhetoric. It argues that the continuing success of the text, written by Mehmet Akif [Ersoy] in 1921, is independent of the ideological stand of its author, and lies instead in its conveyance of a modern nation-state identity. In order to demonstrate this, the article first depicts the circumstances of the adoption of the national anthem and its immediate reception in Turkey. Afterwards, it examines identity construction in the anthem and reveals that the war against European forces determined the self-perception of the nation by both the negation and mirroring of the other. It concludes that, by foregrounding certain elements such as l’esprit frondeur and faith, and by interpreting the convention of Ottoman Divan poetry, the poet infused the cultural and aesthetic legacy of the past into the future needs of a nation-state.

scholarly journals From Empire to Nation State: The Mutation of Educational Interaction Rituals in Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Meşeci-Giorgetti
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Interaction Rituals ◽  
Daily Events ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to determine how the educational rituals changed over the time from the Ottoman Empire to the Republic of Turkey. This study confines Turkish educational rituals to the rituals Goffman (1967) conceptualized as interaction rituals. Interaction rituals are micro daily events and behaviours, including gestures and facial expressions, clothes and symbols, that safeguard the definition and the holiness of the authority, and therefore act as the differentiator. This paper reveals that as education was modernized and institutionalized in Turkey, the relationship between the student and the teacher became more distant. The hierarchical gap between the student and the teacher became more visible through educational interaction rituals, and the role of the teacher changed within the Republic, from religious authority to soldier citizen.

scholarly journals The Ethnic Minority Policy of Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Mariam Ashotovna Dashyan ◽  
Andrey A. Kudelin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

This article is an overview of the state stance and attitude towards minorities throughout history of the republic of Turkey. It represents the official approach of the republic towards ethnic and religious groups. Though due to actions of the Ottoman Empire, the number of non-Turks in the republic of Turkey already was incomparably small, however their existence could not be ignored. Still Turkey recognizes only three minorities (Greeks, Armenians, and Jews) and for decades adopted the strategy of regarding all minority persons other than Greeks, Armenians, and Jews as Turks. Ethnic variety was considered a threat to territorial integrity of Turkey. Every action was directed to create a unitary nation-state suppressing ethnic identities of non-Turks. In this article state policy towards ethnic groups in the republic of Turkey is examined from the perspective of the Lausanne Treaty provisions and legislative regulations regarding the status and rights of minorities showing to what extent authorities have followed them and rising the controversial points minority representatives face in exercising their rights.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ЕDUCATION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE XVI TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Holbek Davronov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Education System ◽  
Unity Of Language ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

This article discusses the education system and its important aspects, which were the basis for the development of the Ottoman Empire, which reached its peak of development in the XVI th century. There is also evidenceof the extensive attention paid to the field by sultans and other officials, as well as credible sources on its results. The article emphasizes that relations between independent Uzbekistan and the Republic of Turkey have always been in the spirit of friendship and solidarity, the proximity of the two peoples is associated not only with ethnicity, but also with the unity of language and religion, the historical unity of cultures.Index Terms: “Sibyan” schools, “dorut-talim”, “Darul-ibn”, “khalfa”, “Pusar”, Vaqfiya, “mudarris”, “mufid”, “donishmand”, “suhte”, Dor-al hadis, Dor al -kurra, Dor-at-tib

The Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanford J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Radical Transformation

One of the most significant, but unstudied, aspects of the reforms accomplished in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century under the leadership of the Tanzimat statesmen and of Sultan Abd ul-Hamid II was a radical transformation of the traditional Ottoman tax structure and the introduction of the system that has remained in force, with relatively few changes, to the present day, at least in the Republic of Turkey.

scholarly journals The Turkification of Toponyms in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2 (7)) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Lusine Sahakyan
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Armenian Highland ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The present article examines the methods and stages of the policy of Turkification of the non-Muslim toponyms in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. Being stable linguistic facts, toponyms supply valuable material for topography and studies of dialects, ethnography, history and geography. They also contain important linguistic facts which can confirm the national belonging of a given settlement. Hence, realizing the strategic value of toponyms, the Turkish authorities have changed, distorted and have tried to get hold of the Armenian, Greek, Assyrian, Laz toponyms through translations ascribing them Turkish and at times Kurdish origins. The article contains the translated version of Enver Pasha’s decree on Turkification of toponyms issued on January 5, 1916 – a document which aims to conceal the traces of the Armenian Genocide. The article also examines the political aims of the Turkish authorities to replace the term Western Armenia with Eastern Anatolia as well as the dangerous consequences of the use of this term we could face. The Armenian toponyms that have been around since ancient times do not serve as linguistic evidence only. Rather, they provide unbiased historical evidence that reveals the whole truth of the real native masters of the Armenian Highland. Therefore, the protection, preservation and restoration of the Armenian toponyms is of great strategic significance for us.

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