scholarly journals State Identity, Continuity, and Responsibility: The Ottoman Empire, the Republic of Turkey and the Armenian Genocide

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Avedian
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Armenian Genocide ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Identity Continuity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ЕDUCATION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE XVI TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Holbek Davronov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Education System ◽  
Unity Of Language ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

This article discusses the education system and its important aspects, which were the basis for the development of the Ottoman Empire, which reached its peak of development in the XVI th century. There is also evidenceof the extensive attention paid to the field by sultans and other officials, as well as credible sources on its results. The article emphasizes that relations between independent Uzbekistan and the Republic of Turkey have always been in the spirit of friendship and solidarity, the proximity of the two peoples is associated not only with ethnicity, but also with the unity of language and religion, the historical unity of cultures.Index Terms: “Sibyan” schools, “dorut-talim”, “Darul-ibn”, “khalfa”, “Pusar”, Vaqfiya, “mudarris”, “mufid”, “donishmand”, “suhte”, Dor-al hadis, Dor al -kurra, Dor-at-tib

The Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Tax Reforms and Revenue System

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanford J. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Tax Structure ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
Radical Transformation

One of the most significant, but unstudied, aspects of the reforms accomplished in the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century under the leadership of the Tanzimat statesmen and of Sultan Abd ul-Hamid II was a radical transformation of the traditional Ottoman tax structure and the introduction of the system that has remained in force, with relatively few changes, to the present day, at least in the Republic of Turkey.

The End of the Ottoman Empire, 2017. Color, 104 min. In English, French, and German with English and German subtitles. Director: Mathilde Damoise. Distributor: Icarus Films, http://icarusfilms.com/if-otto.

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-177
Author(s):  
Didem Havlioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
Historical Narratives ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Europe Today ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

Since the 1950s, historiographical trends in scholarship have re-considered the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent nation-state building of the Republic of Turkey. The social and political evolution of the imperial system into a nation-state has been alternatively explained through geopolitical pressures, domestic resistance, the expanding economy and modernism in Europe, and the inability of the Ottoman establishment to cope with the rapid changes of the nineteenth century. Constructing one holistic narrative of a vast time period of upheaval is a difficult endeavor for any scholar. In the case of the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the rise of the Republic of Turkey, ethno-religious networks, two world wars, geopolitical competition between the great powers, regional and pan-regional insurgencies, demographic displacement, nationalist fervor sweeping through the Balkan and Arab provinces and into Anatolia, and finally the Kurdish armed resistance renders succinct historical narratives all but impossible to achieve. Thus, while there are many stories of the end of the Ottoman Empire, an overview of the issues for students and general audiences is a much needed, but audacious, undertaking. Yet for understanding the Middle East and Southeastern Europe today, a critical narrative must be told in all its complexity.

Galatasaray Exhibitions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Cultural Event ◽  
Imperial Academy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Modern Nation State

Held in Istanbul between 1916 and 1951, the Galatasaray Exhibitions were the first annual exhibitions of art established in the Ottoman Empire, remaining an important cultural event during the single-party era of the Republic of Turkey, founded in 1923. During the Great War in Europe, when the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers and the citizens of Entente nations left, many vacated spaces in Istanbul opened to new uses. One of these was the Italian Societa Operaia, which became the dormitory for the nearby Lycée de Galatasaray. Beginning in 1916, the main hall of this dormitory was leased every summer for an annual exhibit, which came to be known as the Galatasaray Exhibitions. Works shown at the inaugural exhibit were naturalist paintings, reflecting no awareness of contemporary modernist movements—a situation that later changed with the development of the modern nation-state of Turkey. The exhibit was juried but open to all artists, and visitors were charged admission. Several works at the 1916 exhibit received prizes from the Ministry of Education and were subsequently purchased as part of the Collection of Decorated Panels, established under the auspices of the Imperial Academy of Fine Art, which included copies of many famous European paintings.

Briefly Noted

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-182
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Armenian Genocide ◽  
Ninth Circuit ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

On August 8, 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued an opinion in Bakalian v. Central Bank of Republic of Turkey, Case No. 13-55664. In this case, the Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal of plaintiffs’ claims seeking compensation from the Republic of Turkey and two Turkish national banks for lands that they claim were unlawfully confiscated from their ancestors during what the Court refers to as the Armenian Genocide of 1915–1923. In 2006, California adopted a statute extending the statute of limitations for claims arising out of the Armenian Genocide to December 31, 2016. Thus, the claims filed by the plaintiffs in 2010 were not time-barred under the statute; however, the panel found that since the Court had previously found the statute to be unconstitutional, no statute existed to extend the statute of limitations and therefore the claims were time-barred. The panel held that since the claims were plainly time-barred, the Court need not address legal questions posed regarding Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act jurisdiction.

scholarly journals The Turkification of Toponyms in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2 (7)) ◽  
pp. 149-162
Author(s):  
Lusine Sahakyan
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Armenian Highland ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The present article examines the methods and stages of the policy of Turkification of the non-Muslim toponyms in the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Turkey. Being stable linguistic facts, toponyms supply valuable material for topography and studies of dialects, ethnography, history and geography. They also contain important linguistic facts which can confirm the national belonging of a given settlement. Hence, realizing the strategic value of toponyms, the Turkish authorities have changed, distorted and have tried to get hold of the Armenian, Greek, Assyrian, Laz toponyms through translations ascribing them Turkish and at times Kurdish origins. The article contains the translated version of Enver Pasha’s decree on Turkification of toponyms issued on January 5, 1916 – a document which aims to conceal the traces of the Armenian Genocide. The article also examines the political aims of the Turkish authorities to replace the term Western Armenia with Eastern Anatolia as well as the dangerous consequences of the use of this term we could face. The Armenian toponyms that have been around since ancient times do not serve as linguistic evidence only. Rather, they provide unbiased historical evidence that reveals the whole truth of the real native masters of the Armenian Highland. Therefore, the protection, preservation and restoration of the Armenian toponyms is of great strategic significance for us.

scholarly journals Ruling techniques of the Ottoman Empire in Western Caucasus on the early XIX century (based on the document from the Ottoman State Archive of the President of the Republic of Turkey Hattı Hümayün 1103/4569-R

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Anri Robertovich Chediya
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Western Caucasus ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The subject of this article is the policy and ruling techniques of the Ottoman Empire in Western Caucasus as a whole, and Abkhazia in particular, implemented due to expansion of military and economic presence of the Russian Empire in Caucasus in the early XIX century. Such methods include bringing local population (mostly representative of aristocracy – princes and noblemen) to the side of the Ottoman Empire for returning their dominance in the countries and cities (fortresses), considered by the Sublime Porte as the territories of their authority, and unlawfully annexed by the Russian Empire (namely the Principality of Abkhazia). This resulted in clash of interest of both superpowers that unfolded in Abkhazia and neighboring Circassia in the early XIX century. The scientific novelty consists in introduction into the scientific discourse of previously unpublished sources from the Ottoman State Archive of the President of the Republic of Turkey, as well as the Russian State Military-Historical Archive, which shed light on the methods of Ottoman control over the territories of Western Caucasus (Principality of Abkhazia, Circassia), as well as on the complicated questions regarding the clash of interests of the Russian and Ottoman empires in the region. The relevance of this work is substantiated by usage of both, Russian and Ottoman unpublished archival materials for describing the Ottoman ruling techniques in the region.

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