POWER 67 the name for a school or movement. With reference to literature and culture, 'postmodernism' is often taken to refer to any work of art which knowingly refers to its own status as a work of art, or which otherwise, from the position as elite art form, jokingly addresses the status of the art object through construction from or reference to popular culture, thereby collapsing distinctions between high and low. However, certain theorists of the postmodern, such as Fredric Jameson, Jean-François Lyotard and Teresa Ebert find the problematic of defining postmodernism a question of its being a product of particular political overdetermina-tions, which serve to produce postmodernism's often appar-ently contradictory meanings, and whereby the postmodern condition is fundamentally misrecognised in aesthetic terms. The meaning or identity of the postmodern is understood, then, as a self-conscious aesthetic component of its constitu-tion, rather than as a political effect of late-twentieth-century global capitalism. There is therefore a shift in definition from the formalist aesthetic radicalism perceived by William Spa-nos, for example, to a more politically or ideologically comprehended aspect to what we call postmodernism. Postmodernity—Term referring to the era, state of being or literary arts associated with postmodernism. Jean-François Lyotard defines postmodernity as being marked by a suspi-cion of grand narratives. The idea of a postmodern era is also one provisionally defined by the advent of tele-technologies, the emergence of globalisation and post-industrial society, and the power of the image and simulacrum within con-sumer culture, where images such as the Coke or Nike logos assume greater significance in themselves than any real product or reality to which they might refer. Power—In the work of Michel Foucault, power constitutes one of the three axes constitutive of subjectification, the other two being ethics and truth. For Foucault, power implies know-ledge, and vice versa. However, power is causal, it is con-stitutive of knowledge, even while knowledge is, concomitantly, constitutive of power: knowledge gives one

2016 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Society ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Art Object ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Effect ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Fredric Jameson ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

scholarly journals FORMATION INNOVATIVE PARADIGM: RETROSPECTIVE AND PRESENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (127) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
N. Rylach
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Science Innovation ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Commercialization Of Science

In the current conditions of the world economy, an increasing emphasis on the in- novative direction of development, covering all sectors of the economy, a prerequisite for the development of post-industrial society. A prerequisite for this process is the modern scientific and technological revolution that provides productivity growth, accelerated development of science and education. Scientific and technical progress provides innovative process that is multi-path of development, implementation to the commercialization of science. Innovation activity means innovation and dissemination of scientific and technological progress to meet the changing needs of society. The result of this process is an innovation. Although innovative practice is thousands of years, the subject of special scientific study innovations were only in the XX century. In the evolution of forming a system of knowledge about the development of innovation theory, scientists [18] are the following important steps: the first third of the twentieth century – the formation of the fundamentals of the theory (the period of basic innovation in this area of scientific knowledge); the second third of the twentieth century – the development of basic and detail the innovative ideas of the previous period; since the mid-1970s – a new theoretical breakthrough associated with a wave of epochal and basic innovations in the period of post-industrial society of the late twentieth century – the use of systems analysis, the study of national innovation systems.

Touch and Go Records and the Rise of Hardcore Punk in Late Twentieth-Century Detroit

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
Michael H. Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Musical Culture ◽  
Art Form ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This essay uses the history of Touch and Go Records – an independent record label founded in 1981 – to show how the late twentieth-century environment of Detroit became fertile ground for the rise of hardcore punk. As the landscape of the post-industrial city was transformed by such developments as deindustrialization and white flight, a cadre of white, suburban youth transformed spaces of abandonment into places of innovation and alternative urban redevelopment, particularly in the city's troubled Cass Corridor neighborhood. Such urban spaces provided the room for musical experimentation in ways that were not possible in the postwar American suburb. Such a process was undoubtedly informed by the economic and political histories of post-industrial Detroit. Yet this essay argues that the rise of hardcore punk was more than an indicator of economic and political transformation; it was also a moment of cultural rupture. Viewed from such a perspective, one sees a group of musicians, writers, and others set on creating a new, viable art form, one that sought to critique and replace an older dominant musical culture that had come to be perceived as lacking vitality and originality. This moment of cultural realignment came to play a great role in the evolution of late twentieth century American culture.

The Suspended Spectacle of History

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Tweedie
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Art Form ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Tableau Vivant ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

This chapter examines both the history of the tableau vivant as an art form and its remarkable revival in the cinema of the late twentieth century. At once a quotation of an existing work of art and an always imperfect copy, the tableau vivant recognizes the persistent power of the original but transforms or parodies its source, creating something new even when it returns to old and familiar models. The chapter charts the development of a cinema of painters in the late twentieth century and identifies the tableau as one of its key strategies precisely because it exists at the threshold between citation and innovation. Focusing on the work of Jean-Luc Godard and especially Derek Jarman’s 1986 film Caravaggio, it emphasizes the archaeological and social possibilities of this return to painting, as filmmakers confront both the aging of cinema and the necessity of radical historical models in a moment of political retrenchment.

A New Denominational Historiography?

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263
Author(s):  
John F. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
American Society ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

Over the last decade, a noteworthy number of published studies have, in one fashion or another, been defined with reference to religious denominations. This is an arresting fact, for, coincidentally, the status of religious denominations in the society has been called into question. Some formerly powerful bodies have lost membership (at least relatively speaking) and now experience reduced influence, while newer forms of religious organization(s)—e.g., parachurch groups and loosely structured movements—have flourished. The most compelling recent analysis of religion in modern American society gives relatively little attention to them. Why, then, have publications in large numbers appeared, in scale almost seeming to be correlated inversely to this trend?No single answer to this question is adequate. Surely one general factor is that historians often “work out of phase” with contemporary social change. If denominations have been displaced as a form of religious institution in society in the late twentieth century, then their prominence in earlier eras is all the more intriguing.

scholarly journals IN THE TRAJECTORY OF ECONOMIC REFORMS: SCIENCE AND SCIENCE POLICY IN THE YEARS OF THE “KHRUSHCHEV’S DECADE”

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Evgeny G. Vodichev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
General Line ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Technical Complex ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
Post Industrial

The paper is devoted to the problems of the USSR scientific and technology (S&T) policy during the “Khrushchev’s decade”, presented as part of the macroeconomic policy. The analysis is carried out in the context of economic reforms and experiments implemented in the country. The main components of S&T policy are revealed, the evolution of its structure and content in comparison with the first post-war decade is shown. In the analysis of S&T policy, the main attention is paid to the reflection of the status of science as a driver of economic development in the context of global challenges and the formation of new techno-economic paradigms. The emphasis on the applied function of research and development (R&D) proclaimed in the framework of S&T policy is presented as a reflection of the traditional for the USSR interpretations of the place and role of science in society under new conditions of scientific and technological revolution as a Soviet counter-thesis to the concepts of post-industrial society. The connection of decision-making mechanisms in the field of S&T policy with general line of Khrushchev’s populism, and the emerging practice of “bureaucratic bargaining” is outlined. The basic trends of approaches to planning in science and coordination in the field of R&D are identified, the directions of organisational restructuring in the governing of the scientific and technical complex are shown. It is concluded that S&T policy in the mid-1950s — 1960s remained a function of economic policy, that a unified S&T policy in the country under N. S. Khrushchev had not been formed. At the same time, the return on innovation remained at a low level.

Cowpath Crossings

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanee Gupta-Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Religious Difference ◽  
Asian Immigration ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter discusses the relationship between South Asian immigration and labor in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. It analyzes experiences of two Indian Americans in Muncie, Indiana, one of whom is a doctor and other of whom is the spouse of a doctor. It situates their stories within the larger context of the deindustrialization of Muncie and the rise of a post-industrial society. It uses discourse analysis to describe how racial prejudice, social marginalization, and religious difference have affected the lives of immigrant working professionals and are embedded in the stories of daily life that the individuals share.

The Sanctification of Yiddish among Hasidim

AJS Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-181
Author(s):  
Daniel Reiser
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Oral Culture ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Vernacular Language ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

AbstractThe sanctification of Yiddish in hasidic society occurred primarily in the first half of the twentieth century and intensified in the wake of the Holocaust. The roots of this phenomenon, however, lie in the beginnings of Hasidism in the eighteenth century. The veneration of Yiddish is linked to the hasidic attitude towards vernacular language and the status of the ẓaddik “speaking Torah.” Hasidism represented—and represents—an oral culture in which the verbal transfer of its sacred content sanctifies the language spoken by its adherents, in this case, Yiddish. This article presents a theological and sociological examination of the various stages of the sanctification of Yiddish among Hasidim from the movement's early stages to the late twentieth century.

The Boy Brahms

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Boman Desai
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Original Story ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

During the late twentieth century, the veracity of a particular aspect of Johannes Brahms's boyhood came under challenge. Had he played the piano in Hamburg's dockside bars as many of his biographers had recorded, or had he not? The two sides of the story were debated in the spring 2001 issue of 19th-Century Music. Jan Swafford, Brahms's definitive biographer in English, provided the case for the status quo, citing all the known instances of times when Brahms himself had mentioned the story to friends and biographers. Styra Avins, a translator of many of Brahms's heretofore untranslated letters into English, provided evidence to the contrary by saying all the friends and biographers were mistaken. Swafford's inventory of sources is complete, but there remained more to be said. In "The Boy Brahms" I have attempted to show how Avins's evidence is strictly circumstantial and speculative. At this remove from the incidents in question it can be nothing more. I have attempted to refute the conclusions she has drawn from the young Brahms's handwriting, the testimony of neighbors, and the laws governing attendance in the bars, among other things. I have also attempted to show inconsistencies in Avins's arguments that throw into question her thesis and support the veracity of the original story.

Serge Daney, Zapper: Cinema, Television, and the Persistence of Media

October ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 107-127
Author(s):  
James Tweedie
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Media ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Small Screen

The essay considers Serge Daney's transition from a film critic schooled in New Wave cinephilia to a television critic fascinated by the possibilities of the small screen and the status of cinema as an old medium. Looking in the “rear-view mirror,” Daney challenges foundational film theory that situates cinema at the forefront of technological and cultural modernity, and he introduces the language of belatedness, aging, and delay into his writing on the “adult art” of film. In the 1980s, Daney began to chronicle the experience of watching cinema on television, with old and new media spiraling into each other and the critic engaged in a process of archaeology focused as much on absent or damaged images as the imaginary plenitude of the screen. Tweedie's essay frames the critic's work as a key reference point for film studies in the late twentieth century because it counters both the modernist euphoria of theory produced decades before and the enthusiasm surrounding the digital revolution in the years just after his death, with new media in the vanguard once occupied by cinema. Instead of recomposing this familiar narrative of innovation, succession, and obsolescence, Daney constructs a retrospective and intermedial theory of film, with the act of watching cinema on television revealing both the diminution and the persistence of its most utopian ambitions.

Late Twentieth-Century Controversies in Sexual Ethics, Gender, and Ordination

2019 ◽  
pp. 317-332
Author(s):  
Lesley Orr
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Women's Ordination ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Gender Power ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
The Church

During the second half of the twentieth century, a seismic shift in outlook, norms, behaviours, and laws transformed Western societies, particularly in relation to sexuality and gender relations. These changes were characterized and facilitated by escalating rejection of dominant sources of moral authority, including organized religion. This chapter considers the Church of Scotland’s response to the ‘permissive society’. It attempted to grapple theologically with questions concerning marriage and divorce, homosexuality, and women’s ordination, confronted unavoidably with profound questions concerning gender, power, and sexuality. These debates generated controversy and division as the moral consensus fractured. Fault lines opened up between conservatives who defended the validity of Christian moral certainties, and others who embraced more liberal and contextual interpretations of Scripture and tradition. Previously silenced or subordinated voices emerged, challenging but failing to provoke radical institutional change at a time of rapid declension in the status and cultural influence of the national Church.

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