scholarly journals "Craft, Community and the Material Culture of Place and Politics, 19th-20th Century "

2017 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89
Author(s):  
Mareike Schildmann

Abstract This article traces some of the fundamental poetological changes that the traditional crime novel undergoes in the work of the Swiss author Friedrich Glauser at the beginning of the 20th century. The rational-analytical, conservative approach of the criminal novel in the 19th century implied – according to Luc Boltanski – the separation of an epistemologically structured, institutionalized order of “reality” and a chaotic, unruly, unformatted “world” – a separation that is questioned, but reestablished in the dramaturgy of crime and its resolution. By shifting the attention from the logical structure of ‘whodunnit’ to the sensual material culture and “atmosphere” that surrounds actions and people, Glauser’s novels blur these epistemological and ontological boundaries. The article shows how in Die Fieberkurve, the second novel of Glauser’s famous Wachtmeister Studer-series, material and sensual substances develop a specific, powerful dynamic that dissipates, complicates, crosslinks, and confuses the objects and acts of investigation as well as its narration. The material spoors, dust, fibers, fingerprints, intoxicants and natural resources like oil and gas – which lead the investigation from Switzerland to North Africa – trigger a new sensual mode of perception and reception that replaces the reassuring criminological ideal of solution by the logic of “dissolution”. The novel thereby demonstrates the poetic impact of the slogan of modernity: matter matters.


Xihmai ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Fournier Garcí­a ◽  
Bridget M. Zavala Moynahan

Resumen A lo largo del Camino Real los habitantes usaron la cultura material - incluyendo objetos de uso cotidiano destinados a la preparación, almacenamiento y servicio de alimentos- para construir y reafirmar aspectos identitarios. En este ensayo, derivado de nuestras investigaciones concluidas en 2013, consideramos patrones de consumo de estos objetos desde el siglo XVIII hasta inicios del XX reflejados en inventarios de bienes de la época y contextos arqueológicos de la Nueva Vizcaya colonial (hoy Durango y Chihuahua). Contrastamos entre las vajillas que emplearon las personas con alto poder adquisitivo y los de uso entre el común de la gente, según los registros documentales y los contextos arqueológicos con diversas funciones y temporalidades registrados en el valle del Rí­o Sextí­n, Durango.   Palabras clave: Nueva Vizcaya, Camino Real, consumo cotidiano, haciendas, identidad Abstract   The residents along the Royal Road used material culture, including everyday life objects related to the preparation, storage and serving of foods, to construct and reaffirm aspects of their social identity and status. In this article, based on our research finished in 2013, we consider their consumption as reflected in 18th to 20th century documents and archaeological contexts from southern New Biscay (modern-day Durango and Chihuahua). We compare ceramic goods used by individuals with high economic standing with those employed by commoners, as registered in historical sources and data from archaeological sites with diverse functions and temporalities, recorded in the Sextí­n valley, Durango. Keywords: New Biscay, Royal Road, everyday life consumption, haciendas, identity


Anthropology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan E. Cochrane

Oceania comprises the islands of the Pacific Ocean and nearby seas originally settled from Island Southeast Asia by variably related populations over the last 50,000 years. The region is commonly divided into Melanesia, Polynesia, and Micronesia, but much archaeological research also references the biogeographic regions Near and Remote Oceania. Near Oceania includes New Guinea and the neighboring Admiralty, Bismarck, and Solomon Islands, all inhabited in the Pleistocene and early Holocene, while Remote Oceania includes the remaining Oceanic islands to the north and east of the Solomons that were settled in two waves beginning approximately 3,000 and 1,000 years ago. Modern archaeology in Oceania has its roots in the comparative ethnology of the region at the beginning of the 20th century, an ethnology influenced by the accounts of European explorers and missionaries from the previous 200 years. This ethnological research described archaeologically relevant behavior, material culture, and landscapes, but it was not until 1947 that the first archaeological excavations were conducted—a late start on the world stage owing to the mistaken belief that there was little time-depth to Oceanic cultures. In the second half of the 20th century, the pace of archaeology in Oceania quickened, with research focused on the chronological sequences of various islands and archipelagos, the geographic origins of particular groups, and changes in political complexity over time. Archaeologists still investigate many of these issues, but the diversity of research topics has increased. Theoretically, archaeological research in Oceania is solidly processual (although additional frameworks are beginning to appear) and this is born out of a decades-old approach to islands as laboratories for comparisons of cultural variation and attendant explanatory processes, particularly evolutionary and ecological ones. More recently, historical archaeology and indigenous archaeology have become prominent perspectives.


Author(s):  
Dawid Kobiałka

This paper discusses the concept of difficult/dark heritage from a theoretical perspective known as the biography of things. First, I analyse Polish archaeological research on difficult/dark heritage. Second, I describe in greater detail the biography of things as a tool for studying relationships between people, things and places. The last part of the paper is a case study presenting the biographies of three objects found in the grounds of a prisoner-of-war camp in Czersk. I aim to prove the following theses: 1) archaeologies of the recent past cannot be understood simply as the archaeology of martyrdom; 2) material culture from the recent past allows us to create different kinds of narratives connected with dark heritage.


Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Armijo

Although the study of the archaeology of China is a well-developed field, the study of the archaeology of Islam in China, as a field, is virtually unknown. There are no books covering the topic and no articles providing an overview of the state of the field across China. There are however, a handful of scholars who have focused on specific examples of Islamic archaeology in China. The majority of this work is on the archaeological finds found in the coastal city of Quanzhou. China’s Muslim population today is conservatively estimated to be more than 23 million, and is made up of ten different ethnic minority groups. This chapter focuses on the largest group, the Hui. The study of the archaeology of Islam in China is made especially challenging for several reasons. Between the 7th and 15th centuries there were two major waves of Muslim immigrants to different regions of China, and between the 18th and 19th centuries there were several periods of violent uprisings that resulted in major Muslim communities being decimated and their mosques and monuments destroyed. In the 20th century, during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) mosques, together with all places of religious worship in China, came under systematic attack throughout the country. Given the dearth of surviving examples of early Chinese Islamic material culture, this chapter also discusses some of small Chinese Islamic art collections found within museums around the world, as well as early 20th-century photographic collections that document mosques and tombs that have not survived.


Author(s):  
Justin Thomas McDaniel

Of the top thirty tallest statues in the world, 26 are either Buddhas or Bodhisattvas. Buddhists, especially in the 20th century, have been built some of the largest spectacle attractions in global history. The history of these sites in Japan, China, Thailand, Burma, and other places are briefly described followed by the introduction to the contents and the arguments of the book. The book examines the very idea of Buddhist public culture, spectacle culture, and leisure culture, as well as argues that these sites reflect a growing Buddhist ecumenism and the power of affective encounters in teaching Buddhism. It asks the reader to question the very category of “religious” architecture and instead think of the Japanese category of misemono (spectacle attractions) as an unexplored Buddhist category. The theoretical work of Daniel Miller, Miriam Hansen, Johan Huizinga, Michael Taussig, Scott Page, Lauren Rabinovitz, Witold Rybczynski, E.H. Gombrich, Jürgen Habermas, Gregory Seigworth, Eve Sedgwick, Melissa Gregg, Gregory Levine, and others are consulted in developing a material culture approach to the study of modern Buddhist architecture.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
V. Kutateladze ◽  

The changes in design education in the second half of the 20th century that took place in Ukraine and Sakartvelo (Georgia) are considered in the article. This was the period of formation of training models for designers including the stage of pre-university education. Three conceptual and methodological foundations of learning are defined. The initial level of design education is considered on the examples of Ukrainian and Kartvelian practices, which are designed to provide education of susceptibility to manifestations of material culture. The next step is a survey of professional level that is training of secondary and higher qualification specialists, advanced professional training, retraining, and functioning of scientific institutions in both states. The required framework for national design training systems has been identified. The turn of the 1980–90s is fundamental in reorienting the goals and objectives of training of designers and creating an updated model. Just at that time the principle of a new type of professional thinking formation called “universal designer” was applied. It solved system problems of organizing daily aspects of living activity. This led to the emerging of alternative teaching methods, one of which being the concept of advanced morphology. It is noted that due to objective difficulties both states failed to implement a new model of specialists to the full extend. However, the contours of its capabilities are clearly defined, namely when there are options for choosing a specialization not on the basis of sector-specific industry principle, but according to the model of design issues.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document