scholarly journals Bienes De Consumo Cotidiano, Cultura Material E Identidad A Lo Largo Del Camino Real En El Norte De México

Xihmai ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Fournier Garcí­a ◽  
Bridget M. Zavala Moynahan
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
Life Consumption

Resumen A lo largo del Camino Real los habitantes usaron la cultura material - incluyendo objetos de uso cotidiano destinados a la preparación, almacenamiento y servicio de alimentos- para construir y reafirmar aspectos identitarios. En este ensayo, derivado de nuestras investigaciones concluidas en 2013, consideramos patrones de consumo de estos objetos desde el siglo XVIII hasta inicios del XX reflejados en inventarios de bienes de la época y contextos arqueológicos de la Nueva Vizcaya colonial (hoy Durango y Chihuahua). Contrastamos entre las vajillas que emplearon las personas con alto poder adquisitivo y los de uso entre el común de la gente, según los registros documentales y los contextos arqueológicos con diversas funciones y temporalidades registrados en el valle del Rí­o Sextí­n, Durango.   Palabras clave: Nueva Vizcaya, Camino Real, consumo cotidiano, haciendas, identidad Abstract   The residents along the Royal Road used material culture, including everyday life objects related to the preparation, storage and serving of foods, to construct and reaffirm aspects of their social identity and status. In this article, based on our research finished in 2013, we consider their consumption as reflected in 18th to 20th century documents and archaeological contexts from southern New Biscay (modern-day Durango and Chihuahua). We compare ceramic goods used by individuals with high economic standing with those employed by commoners, as registered in historical sources and data from archaeological sites with diverse functions and temporalities, recorded in the Sextí­n valley, Durango. Keywords: New Biscay, Royal Road, everyday life consumption, haciendas, identity

Secular geomagnetic field variations in Bulgarian lands during Classical Age and Late Antiquity – new archaeomagnetic data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kostadinova-Avramova ◽  
Petar Dimitrov ◽  
Andrei Kosterov ◽  
Mary Kovacheva
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
National Science ◽  
Basic Research Grant ◽  
National Science Fund ◽  
Research Grant

<p>Numerous historical sources and archaeological monuments attest the age of Antiquity in Bulgaria – from both the early Roman period (I – III c.) and Late Antiquity (IV – VI c.). Owing to systematic archaeological excavations, lasting more than 100 years, plenty of information has been accumulated concerning not only all aspects and manifestations of its material culture, but also their evolution and chronology.  This in turn allows for interdisciplinary fields such as archaeomagnetism to progress.</p><p>There are many archaeomagnetically studied archaeological structures from the Antiquity. The results included in the Bulgarian database form 74 reference points. However, only 20 of them are full-vector determinations because 70 % of the investigated materials are bricks. Hence, the secular variation of declination is poorly constrained within the considered period. Moreover, the reuse of bricks in the constructions occurred quite often (especially in the Late Antiquity) providing for possible errors in archaeological dating. In addition, stronger effects of magnetic anisotropy and cooling rate are usually expected for bricks than for hearths, domestic ovens, production kilns or burnt dwelling remains (there are no results from pottery in the Bulgarian dataset) and both factors are not evaluated for most of the older results. All this can explain the contradictions observed between some of the experimental results juxtaposed over the absolute time scale. In an attempt to clarify these contradictions 13 baked clay structures from eight archaeological sites were archaeomagnetically studied producing seven new directional and eight new intensity data. The samples collected possess variable magnetic properties suggesting differences in clay sources and/or firing conditions. Magnetically soft minerals prevail in seven structures but in the remaining six, abundant HCSLT phase is detected. The success rate of archaeointensity determination experiments vary from 49 to 100 %. It appears that samples containing HCSLT phase always produces good araeointensity results unlike those with the dominant presence of soft carriers.</p><p>The new reference points are compared with the present compilation of Bulgarian archaeomagnetic dataset and with the data from the neighboring countries.</p><p> </p><p>This study is supported by the grant KP-06-Russia-10 from the Bulgarian National Science Fund and Russian Foundation of the Basic Research grant 19-55-18006.</p>

Yavi-Chicha and the Inka expansion: a petrographic approach

Antiquity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (342) ◽  
pp. 1261-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Beatriz Cremonte
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
South Central ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
The Social

The social complexities underlying imperial control are manifest in the material culture of everyday life encountered at archaeological sites. The Yavi-Chicha pottery style of the south-central Andes illustrates how local identities continued to be expressed in practices of pottery manufacture during the process of Inka expansion. The Yavi-Chicha style itself masks a number of distinct production processes that can be traced through petrographic analysis and that relate to the different communities by whom it was produced and consumed. The dispersion of pottery fabric types in this region may partly be attributable to the Inka practice of mitmaqkuna, the displacement and relocation of entire subject populations.

scholarly journals Pembentukan Identitas Sosial Komunitas Hadhrami di Batavia Abad XVIII-XX

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Ahmad Athoillah
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Religious Teaching ◽  
The 19Th Century

This paper discusses the process of forming identities carried out by the Hadhrami community in Batavia throughout the late 18th century until the beginning of the 20th century. The taking of the topic was motivated by the strong social identity of the Hadhrami community in Batavia, especially in religion and economy since the 19th century to the present. The problem of this research is about the form and process of forming Hadhrami social identity from the end of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century. To answer these problems, a critical historical method is used by using various historical sources and relevant reference studies.Some of the results obtained from this study are various historical realities, such as the formation of social religious symbols including mosques and religious teaching forum. Some important things are the formation of economic identities such as wholesale trade, shipping businesses and property businesses. In addition, there were also shifting settlements from Hadhrami over the Koja people in Pekojan in the early 19th century, as well as the shift of the Hadhrami to the inland of Batavia in the late 19th century. These various realities ultimately affected various forms and processes of forming the social identity of the Hadhrami community, such as the material aspects, language, behavior, and collective ideas of the Hadhrami community especially at the beginning of the 19th century. Generally the Hadhrami community had transformed themselves and their collective parts into colonial society in Batavia until the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, Eje De Comunicación Del Septentrión Novohispano

Xihmai ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Vallebueno Garcinava ◽  
José de la Cruz Pacheco Rojas
Keyword(s):  
New Spain ◽  
Indigenous Resistance ◽  
African People ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The North ◽  
Camino Real ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Royal Road ◽  
Hybrid Culture

Resumen El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro fue la ví­a de comunicación más importante del septentrión novohispano durante los siglos XVI al XVIII. Por él transitaron indí­genas, españoles y africanos, mercancí­as e ideas que permitieron el poblamiento de ciudades, villas, reales de minas, presidios, poblados misionales, estancias agrí­colas y ganaderas, pero ante todo la formación de la nueva cultura mestiza que caracteriza al norte. En este trabajo se estudian los orí­genes y los cambios de ruta que tuvo el Camino Real de Tierra Adentro a medida que se prolongó hacia el norte, debido tanto al auge minero como a la resistencia de los indios a la expansión española y las dificultades que los viajeros tuvieron para transportarse a causa de sus accidentes geográficos. Para ello se recurrió a fuentes documentales de diferentes repositorios, a descripciones de personajes de la época y a investigaciones de historiadores actuales sobre la misma temática. Palabras clave: camino, septentrión, plata, asentamientos, resistencia indí­gena.   Abstract Camino Real de Tierra Adentro (Royal Road of the Interior Lands) was the most important road of communication during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries in the north of New Spain. It was transited by indigenous, Spanish and African people, goods and ideas that allowed the settlement of cities, towns, mining camps, jails, missionary settlements, agricultural and cattle ranches, but first of all, the formation of the new hybrid culture that characterizes north. This article examines the origins and route changes that had the Camino Real de Tierra Adentro as continued north, both due to the mining boom as the Indian resistance to Spanish expansion and the difficulties that travellers had to transport because of its geographical features. This article based on documentary sources from different repositories, resorted to character descriptions of the time and current historians research on the same topic. Keywords: Road, north, silver, settlements, indigenous resistance.

scholarly journals Libraries of the Komi Region as an Element of Civil Society Formation in Ethnical Regions of Imperial Russia. The Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 428-438
Author(s):  
Anna K. Gagieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
National Education ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Libraries

The article considers the activities of libraries in the Komi region as an element of the civil society formation in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. Published and unpublished historical sources are used to reconstruct the libraries’ activities. They are well known to experts, and yet some issues have never come to the researchers’ notice. The author proposes to include materials on the history of librarianship in the Komi region in the context of studying issues of everyday life and civil society formation in the region. In the studied period there were libraries of various types in the region: public, clerical, monastic, and those of educational institutions. The latter were replenished at the expense of the Ministry of National Education or by donation. Clerical and monastic libraries were sponsored by the Vologda Spiritual Consistory, Synod, and Ministry of National Education. In the second half of the 19th – early 20th century the libraries of the Komi region catered cultural needs of the population, organizations and unions and promoted civil society formation.

Private letters of Siberian exiles about the ‘Turukhansk revolt’: 1908–1912

2018 ◽  
pp. 508-521
Author(s):  
Dmitrii A. Baksht ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Police Department ◽  
General System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
State Management ◽  
Management Institutions

The article studies the Turukhansk region as a territory with distinct climatic conditions and, consequently, with distinctive state management institutions and does so in the context of modernization processes of late 19th – early 20th century. This part of the Yenisei gubernia having become a region of mass exile after the First Russian Revolution of 1905–1907, its integration into a general system of management slowed down. Private letters of exiles are an important historical source, they reveal many aspects of the daily life of the persons under supervising in the inter-revolutionary period. The ‘Turukhansk revolt’ in the winter of 1908/09 revealed not only the ineffectiveness of exile as a penal measure, but also severel major problems of the region: archaic and scanty management institutions, lack of transport communication with southern uezds of the gubernia, underpopulation, and also gubernia and metropolitan officials’ ignorance of local affairs. The agencies of the Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs expanded the practice of perlustration as involvement in the revolutionary movement grew. Siberian exiles had their correspondence routinely inspected, and yet in most cases they were inexperienced enough not to encrypt their messages. Surviving perlustration materials offer an ambivalent picture of the ‘Turukhansk revolt’: there were both approval and condemnation of the participants’ actions. The documents tell a tale of extreme cruelty of the punitive detachments even towards those who were not involved in the resistance. The subject of the Siberian exile of the early 20th century has research potential. There is virtually no scholarship on the exiles’ self-reflection concerning the ‘common violence’ of both anti-governmental groups and state punitive agencies. Diversification in political/party or social/class affiliation is not enough. The new materials have revealed a significant gap between several ‘streams’ of exiles: those banished to Siberia in midst of the First Russian Revolution differed from those exiled in 1910s. The article concludes that, having departed from the previous approach to studying the exile, ego-sources cease to be of lesser importance than other types of historical sources. Their subjectivity becomes an advantage for a high-quality text analysis.

Die Spur des Stoffs. Ermittlungsrausch in Friedrich Glausers Die Fieberkurve

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-89
Author(s):  
Mareike Schildmann
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
Crime Novel ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract This article traces some of the fundamental poetological changes that the traditional crime novel undergoes in the work of the Swiss author Friedrich Glauser at the beginning of the 20th century. The rational-analytical, conservative approach of the criminal novel in the 19th century implied – according to Luc Boltanski – the separation of an epistemologically structured, institutionalized order of “reality” and a chaotic, unruly, unformatted “world” – a separation that is questioned, but reestablished in the dramaturgy of crime and its resolution. By shifting the attention from the logical structure of ‘whodunnit’ to the sensual material culture and “atmosphere” that surrounds actions and people, Glauser’s novels blur these epistemological and ontological boundaries. The article shows how in Die Fieberkurve, the second novel of Glauser’s famous Wachtmeister Studer-series, material and sensual substances develop a specific, powerful dynamic that dissipates, complicates, crosslinks, and confuses the objects and acts of investigation as well as its narration. The material spoors, dust, fibers, fingerprints, intoxicants and natural resources like oil and gas – which lead the investigation from Switzerland to North Africa – trigger a new sensual mode of perception and reception that replaces the reassuring criminological ideal of solution by the logic of “dissolution”. The novel thereby demonstrates the poetic impact of the slogan of modernity: matter matters.

SOLOS FRÁGEIS DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DA CAPIVARA, PIAUÍ

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (41) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Cláudia Maria Sabóia de Aquino ◽  
Renê Pedro de Aquino ◽  
Raphael Moreira Beirigo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Pelitic Rocks

Resumo: O Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC) tem alguns dos sítios arqueológicos mais importantes das Américas. A área onde os solos foram amostrados corresponde ao Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC) e uma área tampão de 10km no entorno de seus limites oficiais, no sudeste do Piauí. Para a elaboração do presente trabalho foram selecionados solos considerados frágeis, devido ao alto risco de degradação por erosão, formados de diferentes materiais geológicos representativos do PNSC. Todos os solos estudados são pouco evoluídos, com desenvolvimento pedogenético ainda incipiente, e enquadram-se nas ordens dos Neossolos ou Cambissolos. O bioma representativo da área de estudo é a caatinga, que pela vegetação com pouca biomassa e características decíduas confere pouca cobertura aos solos, aumentando a susceptibilidade dos mesmos à erosão. Foram coletados sete perfis de solos, em diferentes posições na paisagem e formados de materiais de origem. As amostras foram secas ao ar e analisados atributos químicos e granulométricos. Os solos estudados apresentam grandes variações em seus atributos morfológicos, químicos e granulométricos, reflexo dos diferentes materiais de origem. A fragilidade em quase todos os perfis é reflexo da incipiência dos solos, representada pelo baixo grau de agregação e coesão entre as partículas, pequena profundidade e o fator de formação relevo induz na maior erosão de cinco dos sete perfis estudados. Os solos frágeis do PNSC necessitam de cuidados especiais quanto ao manejo, pois alguns deles, principalmente os originários de rochas pelíticas da Formação Pimenteiras, encontram-se em forte processo de degradação, em muitas áreas com as rochas expostas. Palavras-chave: Conservação do solo. Classificação de solos. Degradação ambiental. Semiárido tropical. FRAGILE SOILS OF SERRA DA CAPIVARA NATIONAL PARK, PIAUÍ Abstract: The Serra da Capivara National Park (PNSC) are some of the most important archaeological sites in the Americas. The area where the soils were sampled corresponds to the PNSC and a buffer area of 10km around of its official limits in southeastern of Piauí. For this work were considered fragile soils, due to the high risk of degradation by erosion, formed in different geological materials representative of PNSC. All soils are poorly evolved, with pedogenic development incipient fall in orders of Entisols or Inceptisols. The representative of the study area biome is the caatinga, which vegetation with little biomass and deciduous characteristics, gives little coverage to the soil, increasing susceptibility to erosion. Seven soil profiles were collected at different positions and mother rocks. The soils were classified according to the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS). The samples were air dried and analyzed the chemical attributes and texture. The soils vary widely in their morphological, chemical and grain size, reflecting the different source material attributes. The weakness in nearly all profiles reflects the incipient soil, represented by a low degree of aggregation and cohesion between the particles of soil and small depth of relief factor induces the formation of further erosion profiles 5 of the 7 studied. Fragile soils of PNSC require special care in the mangement, because some soils, especially those originating from pelitic rocks by Pimenteiras Formation, are in strong degradation process in many areas with exposed rocks. Keywords: Soil conservation. Soil classification. Environmental degradation. Tropical semiarid. SUELOS FRÁGILES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL DE LA SIERRA DE CAPYBARA, PIAUÍ Resumen: El Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Capybara (PNSC) tiene algunos de los sitios arqueológicos más importantes de las Américas. El área donde los suelos fueron muestreados corresponde al PNSC y un área tampón de 10km en el entorno de sus límites oficiales, en el sureste del Piauí. Para la elaboración del presente trabajo se seleccionaron suelos considerados frágiles, debido al alto riesgo de degradación por erosión, formados de diferentes materiales geológicos representativos del PNSC. Todos los suelos estudiados son poco evolucionados, con desarrollo pedogenético aún incipiente, y se encuadran en las órdenes de los Neossolos o Cambissolos (en portugués). El bioma representativo del área de estudio es la caatinga, que por la vegetación con poca biomasa y características deciduas, confiere poca cobertura a los suelos, aumentando la susceptibilidad de los mismos a la erosión. Se recogieron muestras de siete perfiles de suelos, en diferentes posiciones en el paisaje y formados de materiales geológicos distintos. Las muestras fueron secas al aire y analizados los atributos químicos y granulométricos. Los suelos estudiados presentan grandes variaciones en sus atributos morfológicos, químicos y granulométricos, reflejo de los diferentes materiales de origen. La fragilidad en casi todos los perfiles es reflejo de la incipiente de los suelos, representada por el bajo grado de agregación y cohesión entre las partículas, pequeña profundidad y el factor de formación relieve induce en la mayor erosión de cinco de los siete perfiles estudiados. Los suelos frágiles del PNSC necesitan cuidados especiales en cuanto al manejo, pues algunos de ellos, principalmente los originarios de rocas pelíticas de la Formación Pimenteiras, se encuentran en fuerte proceso de degradación, en muchas áreas con las rocas expuestas. Palabras clave: Conservación del suelo. Clasificación de suelos. Degradación ambiental. Semiárido tropical.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Renaissance

This chapter explores the material culture of everyday life in late-Renaissance Paris by setting L’Estoile’s diaries and after-death inventory against a sample of the inventories of thirty-nine of his colleagues. L’Estoile and his family lived embedded in the society of royal office-holders and negotiated their place in its hierarchy with mixed success. His home was cramped and his wardrobe rather shabby. The paintings he displayed in the reception rooms reveal his iconoclastic attitude to the visual, contrasting with the overwhelming number of Catholic devotional pictures displayed by his colleagues. Yet the collection he stored in his study and cabinet made him stand out in his milieu as a distinguished curieux. It deserves a place in the early modern history of collecting, as his example reveals that the civil wars might be a stimulus as much as a disruption to collecting in sixteenth-century France.

Patterned Villagescapes and Road Networks in Ancient Southwestern Amazonia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sanna Saunaluoma ◽  
Justin Moat ◽  
Francisco Pugliese ◽  
Eduardo G. Neves
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Remotely Sensed Imagery ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Human Transport ◽  
Southwestern Amazonia

Our recent data, collected using remotely sensed imagery and unmanned aerial vehicle surveys, reveal the extremely well-defined patterning of archaeological plaza villages in the Brazilian Acre state in terms of size, layout, chronology, and material culture. The villages comprise various earthen mounds arranged around central plazas and roads that radiate outward from, or converge on, the sites. The roads connected the villages situated 2–10 km from each other in eastern Acre. Our study attests to the existence of large, sedentary, interfluvial populations sharing the same sociocultural identities, as well as structured patterns of movement and spatial planning in relation to operative road networks during the late precolonial period. The plaza villages of Acre show similarity with the well-documented communities organized by road networks in the regions of the Upper Xingu and Llanos de Mojos. Taking into consideration ethnohistorical and ethnographic evidence, as well as the presence of comparable archaeological sites and earthwork features along the southern margin of Amazonia, we suggest that the plaza villages of Acre were linked by an interregional road network to other neighboring territories situated along the southern Amazonian rim and that movement along roads was the primary mode of human transport in Amazonian interfluves.

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