The woman question and the national question in the Russian Empire

2016 ◽  
pp. 98-116
Author(s):  
Olga Shnyrova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
National Question ◽  
The Russian Empire

The National Question as Covered in “Lithuanian Diocesan Bulletin” in 1860 – 1890 Years*

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 206-219
Author(s):  
Alexander E. Kotov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
North West ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Nationalist Discourse ◽  
The North ◽  
National Question ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
North West Territories

In 1893 polemics unfolded on the pages of “Russkoe Obozrenie” (“Russian Review”) conservative journal related to the problem of russification of the North-West territories of the Russian Empire. Committed to clerical traditionalism, Father Joseph (Fudel) condemned the politics of administrative russification of the region, comparing the priests of “militant” type to Father John of Kronstadt. Meanwhile, when one refers to the history of “russification” of the Western territory of in the 1860s, it becomes obvious that the process didn’t have exclusively the bureaucratic nature. The “Vilno Consensus” was part of the post-reform social upsurge, and the clergy could not stay away from it. The complexity of church-public issues in the region was reflected on the pages of regional periodicals, including church ones. Founded in Vilno in 1863, the “Litovskie Eparchialniye Vedomosti” bulletin in the early years strictly adhered to the “system” of M.N. Muraviev and fully complied with the nationalist discourse of the time. Still later they published materials condemning the “extremes” of Vilno “russification group”. In the early 1880s the national pathos of the bulletin intensified - and acquired bureaucratic nuances.

scholarly journals The Disintegration of the Russian Empire during the First World War on the Example of the Influence of the Latvian National Factor

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
O. Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
National Question ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First World

The article outlines the 1914-1918 discussion on establishing national autonomies in the nonRussian regions of the Empire when the First World War made the national question extremely urgentboth for the central government and national elite; analyses the activity of Latvian nationaldemocratic leaders for solving the national question in their respective regions. Many representativesof the Latvian elite chose to Russify, but others, nationally oriented, became carries of the emerging national identity of their people, leading the national movement for self-determination. The electedNational Land Councils started corresponding reforms, while the Bolsheviks who were also present in these Councils made efforts to undermine the creation of autonomies. The dissolution of theConstituent Assembly in January, 1918 marked the end of the hopes for national autonomies within the Russian Democratic Federal Republic.

Russian People and Inorodtsy: the National Question as Viewed by the Ultra-Rightistss in the Russian Empire of the Early 20th Century in the Context of the Nation-Building Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Alexey B. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nation Building ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Russian People ◽  
National Question ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right ◽  
Common Understanding

Ultra-right parties in the Russian Empire are traditionally presented as supporters of aggressive Russian nationalism, seeking to russify all nations of the country. However, the analysis of the views of various representatives of the right-wing parties shows that there existed several points of view on the national question that differed significantly from each other. Agreeing that Russia should remain a unified empire without any federalization, the authors described different principles of interaction between Russians and other peoples. In addition, there was no common understanding of the criteria that determined belonging to the Russian people. Therefore, the Russian people could be understood as estate, ethnic and civil communities. Very often the distinctive marker of a Russian was just “not belonging to the Inorodtsy”, who were understood not as a legally defined group, but as Russian statehood opponents. As the result, the intelligentsia and privileged classes of the empire could be excluded from belonging to the Russian people. The serious differences in the views of the ultra-rightists led to the fact that they could not present an integral program for the solution of the national question.

scholarly journals Struggle for Legal Women’s Rights in Russian Empire (second half of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Iryna Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Women's Rights ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Woman Question ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article goal – showing struggle for legal women’s rights in A. Koni and others legal profession, including work in advocacy institutions in the Russian Empire in second half of XIX – beginning of XX century. Methods of research: modernization and gender history. The main results. In article author establish that the Russian Empire society in the end of XIX – beginning of XX century matured till understanding the equality principle of women and men role in social affairs, their leveling in property rights and in professional activities. Despite of lawyers struggle for women rights in conditions of autocracy were tiny (only the woman question discussion in press) it shows to empire power opposition from lawyers’ side and to society – necessity of changes in women’s legal status. The originality. Author uses memoirs and speeches of famous judge, member of State Council of the Russian Empire A. Koni and articles of leading lawyers, which were published in such newspapers as “Law”, “Law Herald”, “News of Jury and Trusted Council”. Scientific novelty: at the first time article describes the main issues about struggle for legal women’s rights, namely: attitude toward women in general and in legal cases; widening personal and property rights of women; giving them access to higher law education and possibility to apply it in their professional activity. Type of the article: descriptive and analytical. In article author insist that one of the first men, who outline the woman question and started to debate about widening legal women’s rights, was A. Koni. His activity was supported by famous scientists, lawyers, advocates such as D. Stasov, V. Spasovych, V. Nabokov, P. Liublinskiy, I. Foynytskiy, V. Sluchevskiy, and S. Shelukhin. A. Koni achieved particular regulation of widening property rights for women. In struggle for allowing advocacy practice for women author point out 2 stages, during its women tried to hold an appointment as private jury. Author notes first women-advocates in the Russian Empire and Ukraine, for example: E. Kozmina, K. Fleyshyts, L. Ginsburg, and O. Yaroshevska. Author determines that problems in female advocacy in Russian Empire were the same, as problems in Western Europe and USA. Question about allowing women to be advocates and notaries in Russia and Ukraine weren’t decided till 1917.

scholarly journals The Borderland Policy of the Russian Empire in the 19th Century: Essence, Trends, Results

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Anton Sergeyevich Bedrik ◽  
Roman Petrovich Ivasenko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
The Core ◽  
National Question ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Oppo Site

The present study analyzes the essence and main trends in the development of the policy of the Rus-sian autocracy in the national question in the 19th century. The factors that influenced the complica-tion of interethnic relations in the period under con-sideration are identified. The study considers active foreign policy of the Russian Empire that resulted in the annexation of new territories which population was the traditional antagonist of Russians, the na-tion that made the core of the empire’s population. The contradictory nature of the borderland policy of the autocratic government in the 19th century is em-phasized. In this connection, the present study pro-vides analysis of the content of two radically oppo-site models of the policy implementation. In con-clusion it is substantiated that lack of foresight and wrong policy decisions of the supreme authority of the Russian Empire with regard to the acquired terri-tories and their peoples, became one of the key de-terminants of the rapid development of the revolu-tionary crisis and the collapse of the imperial state at the beginning of the 20th century.

D. I. Mendeleev’s “cherished thoughts” on foreign trade and “proper protectionism”

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-139
Author(s):  
T. N. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Competition Growth

Foreign trade policy and its role in the economic growth of the national economy are considered through the prism of history and comparison of the formation of the industrial economy in the Russian Empire and the North American United States. The author compares the protectionism of D. I. Mendeleev, described in his economic works, and the free trade thinking of the American scholar W. Sumner, who formulated the “misconceptions” of protectionism. Mendeleev’s proper protectionism is grounded on the basic principles (incentivizing internal competition, growth of consumption, bringing up of new industries ), which are relevant for contemporary Russia. The author gives a typical example of the formation and decline of the factory industry using the case of mirror factories in the Ryazan province. These historical analogies, the paper argues, are necessary for the correct assessment of the current situation and for coming up with valid solutions aimed at the development of the Russian economy.

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