Role shift

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-377
Author(s):  
Markus Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Role Shift

Challenge to International Agencies

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
International Health ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Transfer Of Technology ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Role Shift

International health agencies face major changes requiring basic adjustments in approaches and values. The ethical issues include moral criteria for allocating scarce resources, relation of health to population growth and development, iatrogenic social consequences of health measures, and inappropriate transfer of technology. A proposed new style of international health work is summarized in five principles and ten guidelines. The principles are: development from below; a role shift from adviser collaborator; sequential research, demonstration, and implementation; concentration on problems of motivation; and partnership in approaches to mutually shared complex problems.

scholarly journals Interactional role shift as communicative project in student teachers’ oral presentations

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Christensson
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Student Teacher ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Academic Development ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Semiotic Resources ◽  
Role Shift ◽  
Oral Presentations

AbstractFocusing on Swedish student teachers’ oral presentations in a rhetoric class, this article studies interactional role shift as a multimodal practice. The role shifts under scrutiny concern shifting from student teacher to teacher, thus anticipating the students’ future profession. A central feature of the article is a discussion of how role shift may be conceptualised as a communicative project, thus highlighting the different modes of communication used by the students, and consequently to examine its potential as a facilitator of students’ professional and academic development. The data was collected using an ethnographical approach, resulting in a collection of 21 video-recorded oral presentations, together with other relevant semiotic resources. The data is analysed by the employment of concepts from nexus analysis and the notion of communicative projects. Through a discourse analytical approach to social action in interaction, the analysis shows how role shifts are constructed of patterns of smaller actions that add up to three primary actions: setting the scene, changing perspective, and performing the new role. These primary actions are multimodally chained together, and the results demonstrate how social actors use instructional texts in combination with multimodal recourses in order to perform their role shifts.

Changing Gender Role Portrayal in Media: Survey-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabiha Hasan ◽  
Namood-e-Sahar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Portrayal ◽  
The Media ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Gender Role Development ◽  
Role Shift

Abstract Gender role development is very important among children during the phase of their personality development. This results in the formation of gender identity, which later on determines the type of gender role exhibited by the child in later life. Home is the main platform from where the key features of personality for a child is shaped up. Similarly, variable gender roles are also being taught by the family members. The growing media and its impact also play significant role in this regard. The current research made an account of how the gender role portrayal is changing in media and its respective impact on gender role shift in the society. This objective was achieved by conducting a survey on the content portrayed in a Pakistani movie “Ek Thi Marium” (2016). Findings suggest that the media today is displaying a changed gender role instead of gender stereotypical portrayal. It could help future researches to identify the modern trends and to study the effect of these variations among individuals of different age groups.

Sign language transcription at the level of meaning components

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan I. Slobin ◽  
Nini Hoiting ◽  
Michelle Anthony ◽  
Yael Biederman ◽  
Marlon Kuntze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Linear Representation ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
American Sign ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Role Shift

The Berkeley Transcription System (BTS) has been designed for the transcription of sign language videotapes at the level of meaning components. The system is based on efforts to transcribe adult-child interactions in American Sign Language (ASL) and Sign Language of the Netherlands (SLN). The goal of BTS is to provide a standard means of transcribing signed utterances, meeting the following objectives: –compatibility with CHAT format and CLAN programs (CHILDES) –linear representation on a continuous typed line, using only ASCII characters –representation at the level of meaning components –full representation of elements of polycomponential verbs –representation of manual and nonmanual elements –representation of gaze direction, role shift, visual attention –representation of gestures and other communicative acts –notation of characteristics of adult-child interaction (child-directed signing, errors, overlap, self-correction).

To shift or not to shift

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-209
Author(s):  
Annika Hübl ◽  
Emar Maier ◽  
Markus Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Pragmatic Principle ◽  
Cognitive Approaches ◽  
Role Shift ◽  
German Sign Language

Abstract There are two main competing views about the nature of sign language role shift within formal semantics today: Quer (2005) and Schlenker (2017a,b), following now standard analyses of indexical shift in spoken languages, analyze it as a so-called ‘monstrous operator’, while Davidson (2015) and Maier (2017), following more traditional and cognitive approaches, analyze it as a form of quotation. Examples of role shift in which some indexicals are shifted and some unshifted pose a prima facie problem for both approaches. In this paper, we propose a pragmatic principle of attraction to regulate the apparent unshifting/unquoting of indexicals in quotational role shift. The analysis is embedded in a systematic empirical investigation of the predictions of the attraction hypothesis for German Sign Language (DGS). Results for the first and second person pronouns (ix 1 and ix 2) support the attraction hypothesis, while results for here are inconclusive.

Understanding the daily needs and challenges of caregivers of patients with lung cancer.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24173-e24173
Author(s):  
Yanyan Zhu ◽  
Fatima Scipione ◽  
Renee Anderson ◽  
Robin Y. DiPaolo ◽  
Ros Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Advanced Lung Cancer ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Role Shift

e24173 Background: Informal caregivers provide critical support in the management of all aspects of care for patients with cancer. Although caring for loved ones with cancer can be rewarding, it can also have a significant impact on caregivers’ quality of life. The aim of this study was to understand how caring for someone with advanced lung cancer affects caregivers’ lives. Methods: A targeted review of the caregiver literature (Medline, Embase, and Psych Info; year limits 2006-19) using a single search strategy, and qualitative focus group discussion among caregivers (N = 6) who have been or are currently caring for a loved one with advanced lung cancer was conducted. Results: The search identified 99 articles; however, few articles met eligibility criteria (N = 12). Impacts focused on: caring for patient, psycho-social well-being, ability to work, hopes for future, and physical well-being. Several gaps describing the caregiver experience remained based on the results from the literature review alone. Qualitative insights from caregivers included: (1) Caregivers must deal with all aspects of the patient’s experience, as well as the broader physical and emotional well-being of themselves and family members. (2) Disease-related symptoms and treatment-related side effects can result in physical and emotional distress for both caregivers and patients. (3) Caregivers feel hopeless, frustrated, and discouraged regarding side effects, particularly when they cannot perceive the benefits of treatment. (4) Caregivers are often compelled to mask or suppress their feelings to maintain a sense of (relative) normalcy. (5) Negative emotional states directly affect family relationships and dynamics, heightening stress and loneliness for caregivers. (6) Caregivers’ contributions to shared treatment decision-making relative to the patient’s role shift throughout the cancer journey based on their loved one’s ability to cope. Conclusions: These results provide valuable insights into the under-studied experience of caregivers of patients with lung cancer. Future quantitative research will improve understanding of the unique challenges associated with cancer caregiving, as well as facilitate development of personalized, evidence-based support programs and interventions for caregivers.

The food-related role shift experiences of spousal male care partners and their wives with dementia

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwoba Atta-Konadu ◽  
Heather H. Keller ◽  
Kerry Daly
Keyword(s):  
Care Partners ◽  
Male Care ◽  
Role Shift

scholarly journals The emergence of systematic argument distinctions in artificial sign languages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasamin Motamedi ◽  
Kenny Smith ◽  
Marieke Schouwstra ◽  
Jennifer Culbertson ◽  
Simon Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Verbal Agreement ◽  
Role Shift ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Abstract Word order is a key property by which languages indicate the relationship between a predicate and its arguments. However, sign languages use a number of other modality-specific tools in addition to word order such as spatial agreement, which has been likened to verbal agreement in spoken languages, and role shift, where the signer takes on characteristics of propositional agents. In particular, data from emerging sign languages suggest that, though some use of a conventional word order can appear within a few generations, systematic spatial modulation as a grammatical feature takes time to develop. We experimentally examine the emergence of systematic argument marking beyond word order, investigating how artificial gestural systems evolve over generations of participants in the lab. We find that participants converge on different strategies to disambiguate clause arguments, which become more consistent through the use and transmission of gestures; in some cases, this leads to conventionalized iconic spatial contrasts, comparable to those found in natural sign languages. We discuss how our results connect with theoretical issues surrounding the analysis of spatial agreement and role shift in established and newly emerging sign languages, and the possible mechanisms behind its evolution.

Sign language transcription at the level of meaning components

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan I. Slobin ◽  
Nini Hoiting ◽  
Michelle Anthony ◽  
Yael Biederman ◽  
Marlon Kuntze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Linear Representation ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
American Sign ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Role Shift

The Berkeley Transcription System (BTS) has been designed for the transcription of sign language videotapes at the level of meaning components. The system is based on efforts to transcribe adult-child interactions in American Sign Language (ASL) and Sign Language of the Netherlands (SLN). The goal of BTS is to provide a standard means of transcribing signed utterances, meeting the following objectives: –compatibility with CHAT format and CLAN programs (CHILDES) –linear representation on a continuous typed line, using only ASCII characters –representation at the level of meaning components –full representation of elements of polycomponential verbs –representation of manual and nonmanual elements –representation of gaze direction, role shift, visual attention –representation of gestures and other communicative acts –notation of characteristics of adult-child interaction (child-directed signing, errors, overlap, self-correction).

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