Item-Generation Models for Higher Order Cognitive Functions

2013 ◽  
pp. 191-210
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Item Generation

Localized Cognitive Functions

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Language Function ◽  
Constructional Apraxia

Chapter 3 discusses aspects of normal and abnormal language function, followed by a brief description of disorders of calculation (acalculia) and of higher-order motor control (apraxia). The second half of the chapter deals with disturbed right hemisphere functions: neglect phenomena, dressing and constructional apraxia, and complex visuo-perceptual deficits (agnosias).

scholarly journals Prediction of Neurocognitive Profiles in Youth From Resting State fMRI

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Sripada ◽  
Saige Rutherford ◽  
Mike Angstadt ◽  
Wesley K. Thompson ◽  
Monica Luciana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Default Mode Network ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Default Mode ◽  
Task Control ◽  
General Ability ◽  
Connectivity Patterns

AbstractDifficulties with higher-order cognitive functions in youth are a potentially important vulnerability factor for the emergence of problematic behaviors and a range of psychopathologies. This study examined 2,013 9-10 year olds in the first data release from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development 21-site consortium study in order to identify resting state functional connectivity patterns that predict individual-differences in three domains of higher-order cognitive functions: General Ability, Speed/Flexibility, and Learning/Memory. We found that connectivity patterns involving task control networks and default mode network were prominently implicated in predicting individual differences across participants across all three domains. In addition, for General Ability scores specifically, we observed consistent cross-site generalizability, with statistically significant predictions in 14 out of 15 held-out sites. These findings demonstrate that resting state connectivity can be leveraged to produce generalizable markers of neurocognitive functioning. Additionally, they highlight the importance of task control-default mode network inter-connections as a major locus of individual differences in cognitive functioning in early adolescence.

Investigation of the link between higher order cognitive functions and handedness

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ion N. Beratis ◽  
Andreas D. Rabavilas ◽  
Miltiadis Kyprianou ◽  
George N. Papadimitriou ◽  
Charalabos Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Higher Order

scholarly journals Neuropsychological functioning of individuals at clinical evaluation of adult ADHD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Guo ◽  
Anselm B. M. Fuermaier ◽  
Janneke Koerts ◽  
Bernhard W. Mueller ◽  
Katerina Diers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Clinical Comparison ◽  
Neuropsychological Impairments

Abstract Objectives Numerous studies showed that adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from impairments in a range of cognitive functions when compared to healthy controls. However, only little is known about the neuropsychological functions when compared to various clinical control groups and whether a distinct neuropsychological profile can be identified for adult ADHD. Method This retrospective study examined data of 199 outpatients referred for clinical evaluation of adult ADHD, allocated either to an ADHD group (n = 78) or to one of two clinical comparison groups, depending on whether they show indications (n = 71) or no indications (n = 50) for the presence of psychiatric disorders other than ADHD. All individuals performed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery. Results Data analysis revealed impairments in a range of cognitive functions in a substantial number of patients of all three groups. However, profiles of neuropsychological impairments were similar between groups. Furthermore, significant small- to medium-sized correlations between basic and higher-order cognitive functions were revealed in the ADHD group and the clinical comparison group with indications for psychiatric disorders other than ADHD. Conclusion Neuropsychological impairments are prominent in psychiatric outpatients seeking a clinical evaluation of adult ADHD but are not specific for ADHD. It is concluded that neuropsychological test performance may have limited incremental value to support the psychiatric differential diagnosis. Furthermore, a clinical trajectory may need to take into account that deficits in a range of higher-order cognitive functions can be substantially explained by deficits in basic cognitive functions.

Disruption of Broca's Area Alters Higher-order Chunking Processing during Perceptual Sequence Learning

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Alamia ◽  
Oleg Solopchuk ◽  
Alessandro D'Ausilio ◽  
Violette Van Bever ◽  
Luciano Fadiga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Motor Sequence ◽  
Action Processing

Because Broca's area is known to be involved in many cognitive functions, including language, music, and action processing, several attempts have been made to propose a unifying theory of its role that emphasizes a possible contribution to syntactic processing. Recently, we have postulated that Broca's area might be involved in higher-order chunk processing during implicit learning of a motor sequence. Chunking is an information-processing mechanism that consists of grouping consecutive items in a sequence and is likely to be involved in all of the aforementioned cognitive processes. Demonstrating a contribution of Broca's area to chunking during the learning of a nonmotor sequence that does not involve language could shed new light on its function. To address this issue, we used offline MRI-guided TMS in healthy volunteers to disrupt the activity of either the posterior part of Broca's area (left Brodmann's area [BA] 44) or a control site just before participants learned a perceptual sequence structured in distinct hierarchical levels. We found that disruption of the left BA 44 increased the processing time of stimuli representing the boundaries of higher-order chunks and modified the chunking strategy. The current results highlight the possible role of the left BA 44 in building up effector-independent representations of higher-order events in structured sequences. This might clarify the contribution of Broca's area in processing hierarchical structures, a key mechanism in many cognitive functions, such as language and composite actions.

Exploring the Higher-Order Cognitive Capacities of Sports Coaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Andrew Kennedy ◽  
Paul E. Dux ◽  
Clifford J. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Executive Processes ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Sports Coaches ◽  
Sports Coaching

Higher-order cognitive functions refer to a collection of executive processes, which support the production of controlled, coordinated, and adaptive cognitive operations. Within the field of sports coaching, higher-order cognitive functions, such as cognitive control, are perceived to be beneficial for expert performance. Nevertheless, there is currently no empirical evidence base linking these cognitive capacities with sports coaching expertise. It, therefore, seems both timely and appropriate to explore the higher-order capacities of sports coaches and better understand existing relationships. In this insight paper, we make a case for adopting domain-general experimental approaches to progress knowledge and understanding of the relationships between fundamental higher-order cognitive capacities and sports coaching expertise. In making our case, we provide conceptual discussions on the possible associations between higher-order cognitive functions and sports coaches’ cognitive operations. We additionally outline the potential advantages of informing an empirical evidence base about higher-order cognitive capacities for sports coaching research and practice.

scholarly journals Autism-Misregulated eIF4G Microexons Control Synaptic Translation and Higher Order Cognitive Functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176-1192.e16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Gonatopoulos-Pournatzis ◽  
Rieko Niibori ◽  
Eric W. Salter ◽  
Robert J. Weatheritt ◽  
Brian Tsang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Higher Order
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