International crises

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wilkenfeld
Keyword(s):  
International Crises

Espionage and Exile

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Lassner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Literary History ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Popular Entertainment ◽  
John Le Carre ◽  
The Cold War

Espionage and Exile demonstrates that from the 1930s through the Cold War, British Writers Eric Ambler, Helen MacInnes, Ann Bridge, Pamela Frankau, John le Carré and filmmaker Leslie Howard combined propaganda and popular entertainment to call for resistance to political oppression. Instead of constituting context, the political engagement of these spy fictions bring the historical crises of Fascist and Communist domination to the forefront of twentieth century literary history. They deploy themes of deception and betrayal to warn audiences of the consequences of Nazi Germany's conquests and later, the fusion of Fascist and Communist oppression. Featuring protagonists who are stateless and threatened refugees, abandoned and betrayed secret agents, and politically engaged or entrapped amateurs, all in states of precarious exile, these fictions engage their historical subjects to complicate extant literary meanings of transnational, diaspora and performativity. Unsettling distinctions between villain and victim as well as exile and belonging dramatizes relationships between the ethics of espionage and responses to international crises. With politically charged suspense and narrative experiments, these writers also challenge distinctions between literary, middlebrow, and popular culture.

The development of trade relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Soviet Union (1960-1963)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-3) ◽  
pp. 258-263
Author(s):  
Argyrios Tasoulas
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Berlin Wall ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus

This article studies the development of Soviet-Cypriot trade relations in 1960-63, based on research at the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (AVP RF). Concurrently, a historical analysis follows the events after the creation of the new Cypriot state and the two major Cold War crises (the building of the Berlin wall and the Cuban missile crisis). The efforts made by both governments to develop bilateral trade, the aftermath of the two major international crises and the results of the two governments’ policies have been identified and analyzed.

Are You Experienced? US Ambassadors and International Crises, 1946–2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Politics ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Militarized Disputes ◽  
Political Appointees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Military ◽  
Sizable Number

Abstract How important are ambassadors in international politics? While a growing body of research stresses the importance of diplomacy in international politics, it remains unclear if individual ambassadors make a significant difference or what attributes make for an effective ambassador. This paper explores these questions through a systematic analysis of 2,730 US ambassadors between 1946 and 2014. The United States is distinctive in that it sends a sizable number of noncareer political appointees to serve as ambassadors. This provides a unique opportunity to examine how an ambassador's experience shapes where they are placed and how they perform. Using various techniques to address selection effects, including matching, I find that the United States is less likely to experience a militarized dispute with a host nation when it is represented by a political ambassador. Moreover, political ambassadors with professional experience in politics or the military, those who are close to the president, and those who are appointed in permissive congressional environments are less likely to experience militarized disputes during their tenure. Individual ambassadors matter, but diplomatic experience alone is not the only attribute that makes for an effective ambassador.

Searching for an Exit: The Effects of Context, Process and Structure on Crisis Negotiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-406
Author(s):  
Michael J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
International Crises ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Crisis Negotiation ◽  
Foreign Policy Crises ◽  
Crisis Situations

Abstract By virtue of their defining criteria, international crises would seem unlikely candidates for conflict management and resolution. However, negotiations among crisis protagonists are not uncommon. Such behavior may reflect a desire to ‘exit’ the crisis dynamic. This article takes up the question of when and in what circumstances actors engaged in crisis situations turn to negotiation. Through an empirical analysis of over 1000 cases of foreign policy crises occurring between 1918 and 2015, this research examines a set of potential contextual, processual and structural correlates of crisis negotiation. The results of this analysis indicate that negotiation is less likely to occur in complex, high stakes, and especially violent crises, suggesting that negotiation is an unlikely and perhaps ill-suited response to more intense and severe crises.

Finland and Europe: International Crises in the Period of Autonomy, 1808-1914

1983 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Pekka Kalevi Hamalainen ◽  
Juhani Paasivirta ◽  
Anthony F. Upton ◽  
Sirkka R. Upton ◽  
D. G. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
International Crises

scholarly journals Governments’ Measures to Govern the Coronavirus Crisis and the Lessons Learned

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Saqer Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Community ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
International Coordination ◽  
Real Challenge

Since its appearance in late 2019 in China, the Coronavirus pandemic has posed a real challenge to humanity and  governments. No country was safe from the effects of the virus, whether from a medical, economic, or social point of  view. In the absence of international coordination, countries began to rely on their own capabilities to curb the pandemic  and mitigate its negative effects. To achieve these goals, different strategies and measures have been adopted. Despite  the challenges governments faced, these measures definitely helped alleviate the severity of the epidemic and slowed its  spread. These measures include, but are not limited to, lockdown, border restrictions, home quarantine, the imposition of  wearing masks and social distancing. This crisis stresses the importance of a country’s financial, technical and human  capabilities in governing crises. Moreover, it revealed that the absence of international cooperation in managing  international crises has dire consequences for the international community.

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