scholarly journals Migrants attitudes towards redistribution and poverty relief

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-113
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Relief

Poverty Relief Programs in Postcommunist Countries: A Case Study on the Albanian and Chinese Programs

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110278
Author(s):  
Gentian Qejvanaj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Private Expenditure ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Cost

Social assistance is a cash transfer program targeting the poorest households. China has created the Dibao (DB), meaning minimum livelihood guarantee, the most extensive unconditional cash transfer program globally with over 70 million people covered, whereas in Albania, the Ndhime Ekonomike (NE) meaning financial help covers around 15% of the total working-age population. Both programs are means-tested, have strict requirements for eligibility, and have been enlarged and modified in time to improve targeting and tackling leakage. In this article, we will look at similarities and common issues first, and then calculate the cost of enlarging both programs to all working-age population with no means-testing. We argue that a UBI (universal basic income) can increase private expenditure in health and education while costing less than 1% of gross domestic product (GDP) in both countries’ rural areas. We will conclude by looking at how the COVID-19 outbreak is pushing developing countries toward a UBI by first adopting a temporary basic income (TBI).

Policing production

Focaal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (61) ◽  
pp. 75-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Schrauwers
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Global Commodity Chains ◽  
State Expenditure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Relief Efforts ◽  
Reduced State

This article reexamines the Cultivation System in early nineteenth-century Java as part of an assemblage of Crown strategies, programs, and technologies to manage the economy—and more particularly, “police” the paupers—of the “greater Netherlands.” This article looks at the integrated global commodity chains within which the System was embedded, and the common governmental strategies adopted by the Dutch Crown to manage these flows in both metropole and colony. It focuses on the role of an early corporation, the Netherlands Trading Company, that also served as the administrator of poverty-relief efforts in the Eastern Netherlands where cotton cloth was produced. The article argues that corporate governmentality arose as a purposive strategy of avoiding liberal parliamentary scrutiny and bolstering the “enlightened absolutism” of the Crown. By withdrawing responsibility for the policing of paupers from the state, and vesting it in corporations, the Crown commercialized the delivery of pauper relief and reduced state expenditure, while still generating large profits.

scholarly journals Guns or Food: On Prioritizing National Security over Global Poverty Relief

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco García-Gibson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
International Relations ◽  
National Security ◽  
Moral Duty ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Moral Duties ◽  
International Anarchy

Political realists claim that international relations are in a state of anarchy, and therefore every state is allowed to disregard its moral duties towards other states and their inhabitants. Realists argue that complying with moral duties is simply too risky for a state’s national security. Political moralists convincingly show that realists exaggerate both the extent of international anarchy and the risks it poses to states who act morally. Yet moralists do not go far enough, since they do not question realism’s normative core: the claim that when national security is really at risk, states are allowed to disregard their moral duties. I contend that there is at least one moral duty that states should not disregard even if their inhabitants are at risk of death by military aggression: the duty to reduce extreme global poverty. The reason is that even granting that national security is about securing individuals’ right to life, global poverty relief is about that as well.

scholarly journals A Review on photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects in China: conjunctures, current status and policy recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 00012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peishi Wu ◽  
Siyu Ke ◽  
Yiling Gao
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Benefit Distribution ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Goal Planning ◽  
Financial Issues

Photovoltaic-based targeted poverty alleviation (PVPA) has been established for 10 years with the mission of one of “the ten large-scale poverty relief programs” in China. This paper would firstly examine the historical conjuncture of the PVPA, followed by the current status and the analysis of policy instruments. Results show that there are mainly three categories of policy instruments: the supply-type ones, the environment-oriented ones and the demand-type ones, with the previous two emphasized. The three most popular policy instruments that governments prefer to use are goal planning, financial support and infrastructure construction. Despite the great achievements, PVPA also need some improvements to be better implemented, and in the last part of the paper, some policy implementations are made regarding the unbalance distribution of the instruments among three above-mentioned classifications, as well as financial issues and accountability factors. It is suggested that governments should pay more attention to the demand-type policy instruments such as procurement or encouragement of the PV power generated by PVPA projects, and at the same time find better ways to supervise the benefit distribution.

CONSTRUCTED AND CONSUMED: THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE POOR IN 4TH C. CAPPADOCIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R. Holman
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Gregory Of Nyssa ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Theological Understanding

Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa each include detailed depictions of the poor in their sermons on poverty relief. This paper examines their rhetorical constructs in order to look for the everyday life of these destitute, who often elude the archaeological record. Sharing some features with the later Byzantine exempla, these images had rhetorical power precisely because they were recognisably comparable with ‘real’ poor known to their audiences. Here four stereotypes are considered: the parent who must sell a child; the exiled sick; the famine victim (with an emphasis on impoverished women and questions of status); and the debtor. The paper concludes that these authors’ constructed images of the poor body must be understood in the context of their theological understanding of the Christian doctrine of the Incarnation.

scholarly journals Are We Providing Enough to Those Who Have Too Little? Measuring Poverty Relief

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-347
Author(s):  
Karen L. Jusko ◽  
Katherine Weisshaar
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
State Variation ◽  
Social Transfers ◽  
Relief Ratio

This manuscript presents a new measure of safety net program effectiveness—a “poverty relief ratio”—that is based on the estimated relationship between market income and social transfers, and reports the amount of income support provided, relative to the amount required to provide for all low-income households’ basic needs. In an important advance over the standard poverty reduction rate measures, the poverty relief ratio preserves the rank order of observations across varying poverty thresholds. In this paper, we introduce this measure and demonstrate its validity by tracking major changes in federal policy and cross-state variation in safety net programs.

Engaging with an emergent metanarrative: A critical exploration of the BOP proposition

Organization ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 888-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparna Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Poverty Relief ◽  
Critical Exploration ◽  
Future Work

Recently, market-based strategies for poverty alleviation have emerged central to discourses on global poverty. One of the main proponents of market oriented strategy for poverty eradication was C. K. Prahalad whose publication Fortunes at the Bottom of the Pyramid paved the way for future work on business and poverty. It is curious that despite widespread discussions on the validity and relevance of the Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) proposition by supporters and critics, there has been little sustained analysis of the foundational ideas, concepts and themes as outlined in the original BOP proposal. While by no means representative of the entire BOP field, Prahalad’s ideas deserve close attention because they provides the enabling conditions for the emergence of what I identify as the BOP ‘metanarrative’. In this article, I engage critically with Prahalad’s BOP proposition to highlight some of the theoretical and conceptual issues at stake in the BOP arguments. Specifically, I look at how globalization, partnerships, informality and enterprise, among others, are mobilized to accommodate and legitimize market development at the bottom of the pyramid. I conclude the article by emphasizing that the BOP project would be well served if it engaged in critical self-reflection as it may help to orient future iterations of the BOP strategy in ways that are less celebratory and more circumspect about the possibilities and potentials of linking the pursuit of profit with the goals of poverty relief and empowerment.

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