Pemanfaatan Alat Evaluasi Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pada Materi APBN & APBD Siswa Kelas XI IPA

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in learning outcomes and to analyze the effectiveness of the use of evaluation tools on learning outcomes in State Expenditure Revenue Budget and Regional Expenditure Budget materials toward students in science class XI. Because there is a decrease in student learning outcomes during distance learning so that, this study utilizes experimental research that uses a nonequivalent control group design, with a population of 170 students with majors in Science. In selecting the sample, researcher uses purposive sampling technique with Science class XI 3 as the experimental class and Science class XI 4 as the control class, but the only difference in the experimental class is given as additional evaluation tools. This study utilizes hypothetical test of pre-test value and post-test with One Way Anova. Based on these results, in the use of evaluation tools there was no significant difference in student learning outcomes in State Expenditure Revenue Budget and Regional Expenditure Budget materials toward students in science class XI and the use of evaluation tools had effectiveness as a support for improving learning outcomes with State Expenditure Revenue Budget and Regional Expenditure Budget materials toward student ins science class XI

Germany’s Economic Growth In 1950–60 and the Problem of the Country’s Balance of Payments Sustainability

The 1950s in Germany, especially the period 1953–1958, were later recognised as the ‘golden years of the post-war period’. By the end of this period, most of the war damage had been removed and the economy was in a state of dynamic growth. In the period 1949–59, the average real GDP growth rate was about 7.4% with an average investment rate of 24.2% (in current prices). In the years (1950–53), a massive housing construction programme was carried out that was financed almost in half from public funds. Germany’s economic growth in 1950–60 mainly influenced by investment activities and the growth of exports. During this period, state expenditure did not play a major role in the growth of the West German economy (its share in national income steadily declined during the period in question). A the same time, the share of exports in national income was very high and showed a continuously increasing trend. A long-term growth of exports — affecting constantly the expansion of demand — became an important factor stimulating investment activity, which is the main lever of economic growth. At the same time, unusually strong export activity improved the balance of payments, which showed systematic surpluses. It should also be stressed that private consumption was not a factor driving economic prosperity in West Germany in this period. The share of consumption in Germany’s national income showed a declining trend in favour of investment.

Penal Culture in Ireland

Ireland enjoys a level of imprisonment around half that of England and Wales and one-eighth that of the USA. However, this is not the result of structured policy choices. Several factors generally associated with penal severity are evident in that crime is (episodically) salient and lethal violence has risen, there is low trust in government, little evidence of deference to experts, and the principles of justice are seldom articulated. Countervailing forces are that the system remains highly discretionary, punishments are individualized, and key criminal justice personnel are unelected and thereby insulated from public sentiment. To add depth to this analysis of penal culture requires the addition of local factors, including a history of coercive confinement, the lack of an infrastructure for following through on political commitments, profound inertia, imitation (in legislative and policy terms), migration patterns, attitudes to state expenditure, and a clientelist political system.

FISCAL AFTERSHOCKS: TAXES AND CATASTROPHES IN CHILEAN HISTORY

ABSTRACT Socio-natural disasters remain underexplored events in economic history, even though they stress societies in several ways and are known for their relationship with institutional change. In this paper, we explore this issue showing that major earthquakes in Chile have become a window of opportunity for important fiscal reforms. Our findings indicate that there are two mechanisms to explain this relationship: first, reconstruction demands greater state expenditure and intervention; and second, the emergence of narratives that justify these reforms, such as patriotism and solidarity. However, data show that in the case of Chile, changes following disasters have had little impact on the overall tax structure of the country, and the historical preference for indirect taxes has been maintained, with limited power to impose taxes on high-income groups.

Financial Development and Economic Growth in Kenya: Evidence from the Asymmetric Autoregressive Distributive Lag

Appropriate changes in financial development are largely known to cause growth. Inflation, gross capital formation and government expenditure, believably, succinctly controls the effects and causes long term growth. This paper analyzed this effects for Kenya paying exceptional attention on their asymmetric effects. The most reliable and important results supported that positive asymmetries of financial development increases long run growth unlike the negative with reducing and weak effects. However, in case of financial dynamics and instabilities, economic growth responds negatively with a steep slump to shocks by declining financial development as positive gross capital formation shocks seems to plausibly control such nonlinear dynamics and positively causing growth. Also, sustainable inflation and prudent state expenditure spurs long term growth. Since this growth finance relationship supports the supply-leading hypothesis, there is need for specific financial development policies which would alongside support sustainable inflation and prudent expenditure if they are to spur real growth. Moreover, the financial risk managers are required to robustly prepare against the negative shocks by finance that have greater degenerating effects than by upturn from the positive shock.

Water and Sanitation: Achievement of Large Indian States

In this paper we make a comparative analysis of water and sanitation facilities across Indian states. We also analyse the trend and pattern of state expenditure in the water and sanitation sector and relate the expenditure with the nature of the existing facilities. Furthermore, we assess whether the state governments are adequately financing the sector in accordance to their GDP. Using data from the state statistical reports during 2001–2012, we find that the sanitation facilities are alarmingly low, particularly in the states Assam, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. There are high interstate disparities in drainage facilities and latrine usage, with no sign of convergence during the study period. However, in terms of the provision of sanitation facilities, Haryana has showed significant progress over the years, whereas the progress in Assam, Rajasthan and Maharashtra does not seem promising. Along with the poor facilities, state spending for the provision of such facilities is also limited. We find that the correlation between expenditure and the facilities is also not direct and strong. Lastly, we notice the extent of expenditure in accordance with their gross state domestic product is astonishingly low for most of the states except Haryana.

ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN UNTUK MENGUKUR PREDIKSI FINANCIAL DISTRESS (Studi Kasus pada Salah Satu BUMD di Provinsi Banten)

The portion of state expenditure for regional government tends to decrease, so the government hopes that regional governments could optimize the potential of their regions to increase their income by obtaining other revenues from BUMD. This study aims to determine the prediction of financial distressing in one of the regional companies in Banten province. This research used quantitative descriptive method. Data were collected from financial statements from 2015 to 2019. Data were analyzed by quantitative techniques using the Altman Z Score. Based on the results, it were found that the score of the Z Score has a positive trend score. The Z score obtained in 2015 was 1.50; in 2016 it was 1.65; in 2017 3.08; in 2018 it is 3.38 and in 2019 it is 3.11.