scholarly journals High-rate (1 Hz to 20 Hz) GPS coseismic dynamic displacements carried out during the Emilia 2012 seismic sequence

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Avallone ◽  
Elisabetta D'Anastasio ◽  
Enrico Serpelloni ◽  
Diana Latorre ◽  
Adriano Cavaliere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Sampling Frequency ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Commercial Networks ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Moderate Magnitude

<p>In May-July 2012, Emilia Romagna (northern Italy) was struck by a significant seismic sequence, which was characterized by two moderate-magnitude earthquakes: a Ml 5.9 event on May 20, 2012, at 02:03:53 UTC, and a Ml 5.8 event on May 29, 2012, at 07:00:03 UTC, about 12 km to the west of the first mainshock. The earthquake sequence produced a total of 20 casualties and severe and widespread damage, mainly to historical and commercial buildings. A detailed description of the seismic sequence can be found in Sco-gnamiglio et al. [2012, this volume]. The largest of the earthquake static displacements were recorded by tens of continuous global positioning system (cGPS) stations, as described in Serpelloni et al. [2012, this volume]. Most of these stations were operating with a sampling frequency of 1 Hz, and they belonged to scientific or commercial networks: RING (http://ring.gm.ingv.it); ITALPOS (http://smartnet.leica-geosystems.it); GeoTop (http://www.netgeo.it); Fondazione Geometri Emilia Romagna (http://www.gpsemiliaromagna.it; Lombardia [http://www.gpslombardia.it); and Veneto (http://147.162.229.63). Some hours after the first mainshock, the sampling frequency of the near-field RING stations (SBPO and MODE) were switched to 20 Hz, thus recording the coseismic displacements produced by the May 29, 2012, earthquake at higher frequency. This sampling frequency was previously used for the detection of coseismic dynamic displacements only for the Mw 9 Tohoku-Oki 2011 event [Colosimo et al. 2011b]. Thus, the 20-Hz-sampling displacements for the Tohoku-Oki 2011 earthquake and the May 29, 2012, Emilia event might represent important recordings to investigate coseismic contributions at frequencies higher than 1 Hz with GPS. In the present study, after the description of the high-rate GPS (HRGPS) data analysis, we will show and compare the preliminary results. Then, for the two mainshocks, we will compare the displacements recorded by the HRGPS (1 Hz up to 20 Hz) and the strong-motion time histories (100 Hz) at MODE, where the different instruments were approximately co-located (Figure 1, inset, relative distance of ca. 90 m). […]</p>

scholarly journals A Procedure to Select Earthquake Time Histories for Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis: Case Studies of Major Cities in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duruo Huang ◽  
Wenqi Du
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Acceleration Time Histories ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Deterministic Seismic Hazard

Abstract. In performance-based seismic design, ground-motion time histories are needed for analyzing dynamic responses of nonlinear structural systems. However, the number of strong-motion data at design level is often limited. In order to analyze seismic performance of structures, ground-motion time histories need to be either selected from recorded strong-motion database, or numerically simulated using stochastic approaches. In this paper, a detailed procedure to select proper acceleration time histories from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) database for several cities in Taiwan is presented. Target response spectra are initially determined based on a local ground motion prediction equation under representative deterministic seismic hazard analyses. Then several suites of ground motions are selected for these cities using the Design Ground Motion Library (DGML), a recently proposed interactive ground-motion selection tool. The selected time histories are representatives of the regional seismic hazard, and should be beneficial to earthquake studies when comprehensive seismic hazard assessments and site investigations are yet available. Note that this method is also applicable to site-specific motion selections with the target spectra near the ground surface considering the site effect.

The SMART I Accelerograph Array (1980-1987): A Review

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Abrahamson ◽  
B. A. Bolt ◽  
R. B. Darragh ◽  
J. Penzien ◽  
Y. B. Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Transform Faults ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Time Histories

SMART 1 is the first large digital array of strong-motion seismographs specially designed for engineering and seismological studies of the generation and near-field properties of earthquakes. Since the array began operation in September 1980, it has recorded over 3000 accelerogram traces from 48 earthquakes ranging in local magnitude ( ML) from 3.6 to 7.0. Peak ground accelerations have been recorded up to 0.33g and 0.34g on the horizontal and vertical components, respectively. Epicentral distances have ranged from 3 km 200 km from the array center, and focal depths have ranged from shallow to 100 km. The recorded earthquakes had both reverse and strike-slip focal mechanisms associated with the subduction zone and transform faults. These high quality, digital, ground motions provide a varied resource for earthquake engineering research. Earthquake engineering studies of the SMART 1 ground motion data have led to advances in knowledge in several cases: for example, on frequency-dependent incoherency of free-surface ground motions over short distances, on response of linear systems to multiple support excitations, on attenuation of peak ground-motion parameters and response spectra, on site torsion and phasing effects, and on the identification of wave types. Accelerograms from individual strong-motion seismographs do not, in general, provide such information. This review describes the SMART 1 array and the recorded earthquakes with special engineering applications. Also, it tabulates the unfiltered peak array accelerations, displays some of the recorded ground motion time histories, and summarizes the main engineering research that has made use of SMART 1 data.

scholarly journals Coseismic displacement waveforms for the 2016 August 24 Mw 6.0 Amatrice earthquake (central Italy) carried out from High-Rate GPS data

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Avallone ◽  
Diana Latorre ◽  
Enrico Serpelloni ◽  
Adriano Cavaliere ◽  
André Herrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Position Time Series

<p>We used High-Rate sampling Global Positioning System (HRGPS) data from 52 permanent stations to retrieve the coseismic dynamic displacements related to the 2016 August 24 <em>M<sub>w</sub></em> 6.0 Amatrice earthquake. The HRGPS position time series (named hereinafter "GPSgrams") were obtained with two different analysis strategies of the raw GPS measurements (Precise Point Positioning [PPP] and Double-Difference [DD] positioning approaches using the Gipsy-Oasis II and the TRACK (GAMIT/GLOBK) software, respectively). These GPSgrams show RMS accuracies mostly within 0.3 cm and, for each site, an agreement within 0.5 cm between the two solutions. By using cross-correlation technique, the GPSgrams are also compared to the doubly-integrated strong motion data at sites where the different instrumentations are co-located in order to recognize in the GPSgrams the seismic waves movements. The high values (mostly greater than 0.6) of the cross-correlation functions between these differently-generated waveforms (GPSgrams and the SM displacement time-histories) at the co-located sites confirm the ability of GPS in providing reliable waveforms for seismological applications.</p>

Prediction of Broadband Ground-Motion Time Histories: The Case of Tehran, Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Zafarani ◽  
Hesam Vahidifard ◽  
Anooshirvan Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Corner Frequency ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Time Histories

The northern Tehran fault (NTF) is potentially capable of causing large earth-quakes (Mmax ~ 7.2) in a very densely populated area of northern Tehran, Iran. Due to the lack of recorded strong motion data for earthquakes on the fault, a hybrid simulation method is used to calculate broadband (0.1–20 Hz) ground-motion time histories at bedrock level for deterministic earthquake scenarios on the NTF. Low-frequency components of motion (0.1–1.0 Hz) are calculated using a deterministic approach and the discrete wave number-finite element method in a regional one-dimensional (1-D) velocity model. High frequencies (1.0–20.0 Hz) are calculated by the stochastic finite fault method based on dynamic corner frequency. The results were validated by comparing the simulated peak values and response spectra with the empirical ground motion models available for the area and the Modified Mercalli intensity (MMI) observations from historical earthquakes of the region.

scholarly journals A procedure to select ground-motion time histories for deterministic seismic hazard analysis from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) database

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1725-1739
Author(s):  
Duruo Huang ◽  
Wenqi Du ◽  
Hong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Acceleration Time Histories ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Deterministic Seismic Hazard

Abstract. In performance-based seismic design, ground-motion time histories are needed for analyzing dynamic responses of nonlinear structural systems. However, the number of ground-motion data at design level is often limited. In order to analyze seismic performance of structures, ground-motion time histories need to be either selected from recorded strong-motion database or numerically simulated using stochastic approaches. In this paper, a detailed procedure to select proper acceleration time histories from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) database for several cities in Taiwan is presented. Target response spectra are initially determined based on a local ground-motion prediction equation under representative deterministic seismic hazard analyses. Then several suites of ground motions are selected for these cities using the Design Ground Motion Library (DGML), a recently proposed interactive ground-motion selection tool. The selected time histories are representatives of the regional seismic hazard and should be beneficial to earthquake studies when comprehensive seismic hazard assessments and site investigations are unavailable. Note that this method is also applicable to site-specific motion selections with the target spectra near the ground surface considering the site effect.

scholarly journals Seismic source functions and attenuation from local and teleseismic observations of the NTS events jorum and handley

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67
Author(s):  
Donald V. Helmberger ◽  
David M. Hadley
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Earth Model ◽  
Nevada Test Site ◽  
Compressional Waves ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Source Models

abstract Several strong-motion seismograms recorded at 8 km from a large nuclear test at Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, are modeled using the Cagniard-de Hoop technique. The ratio of vertical to radial motions suggest that the peak values are produced by ray paths that penetrated to a depth several kilometers below the source. A homogeneous layered Earth model with velocity increasing with depth was used in the modeling of the velocity time histories. The upper portion of the velocity model was determined by averaging bore-hole data and the lower portion was obtained from regional refraction measurements. Assuming a modified Haskell (1967) source representation, ψ ( t ) = ψ o [ 1 − e − K t ( 1 + K t + ( K t ) 2 / 2 − B ( K t ) 3 ) ] we obtain a range of source descriptions with ψ0 varying with K and B, ψ0 (K,B). The range of source models for Jorum are ψ0 (5, 1) = 3.1, ψ0 (5, 2) = 1.7, and ψ0 (5, 3) = 1.2 times 1011 cm3, respectively. Given an explosion source description, it is a straightforward task to determine the teleseismic attenuation from WWSSN observations. From both the short- and long-period observations from these events, an average t* of 1.3 is obtained for compressional waves of a dominant 1-sec period. This estimate is insensitive to the range of K and B obtained from the near-field modeling.

scholarly journals A Strong-Motion Database of Costa Rica: 20 Yr of Digital Records

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 3407-3416
Author(s):  
Aarón Moya-Fernández ◽  
Luis A. Pinzón ◽  
Victor Schmidt-Díaz ◽  
Diego Antonio Hidalgo-Leiva ◽  
Luis G. Pujades
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Intensity Measures ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Strong Motion Database ◽  
New Research ◽  
The University

Abstract In this article, we present a strong-motion database from earthquakes recorded by the Earthquake Engineering Laboratory at the University of Costa Rica. The database consists of 2471 three-component accelerograms from 155 digitally recorded events. It covers the last 20 yr of measurements, including records from the 5 September 2012 Mw 7.6 Nicoya earthquake. The engineering and seismological communities can use this data either to conduct new research or to improve seismic hazard studies in the region. A catalog is also available with metadata of each record containing several intensity measures from the ground-motion time histories.

Near-Field Strong Ground Motions from GPS-Derived Velocities for 2020 Intermountain Western United States Earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan W. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Salt Lake City ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Owens Valley

Abstract In early 2020, four moderate sized earthquakes occurred in the Intermountain region of the western United States, two M 6.5 events in Challis, Idaho, and Monte Cristo Range, Nevada; an M 5.7 in Magna, Utah, within the Salt Lake City metropolitan area; and an M 5.8 in the Owens Valley of California. Although the Magna and Owens Valley earthquakes were well recorded in the near field with an array of seismic instrumentation, the Challis and Monte Cristo events were not densely recorded. All of the events, however, have reasonable coverage with high rate Global Positioning System (GPS) stations in the near field. Here, I report on strong-motion observations recorded at 19 regional GPS stations at 5 Hz. I compare these observations with seismic recordings where available and ShakeMap estimations of peak ground velocity to find good agreement with a natural-log residual of ±0.5. Furthermore, I compute the correlation between collocated stations and show a strong positive correlation &gt;0.65. This study highlights the utility of high-rate GPS velocity observations to strong-motion seismology.

New determinations of tides on the north-western Ross Ice Shelf

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Richard D. Ray ◽  
Kristine M. Larson ◽  
Bruce J. Haines
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Ross Ice Shelf ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
North Western

Abstract New determinations of ocean tides are extracted from high-rate Global Positioning System (GPS) solutions at nine stations sitting on the Ross Ice Shelf. Five are multi-year time series. Three older time series are only 2–3 weeks long. These are not ideal, but they are still useful because they provide the only in situ tide observations in that sector of the ice shelf. The long tide-gauge observations from Scott Base and Cape Roberts are also reanalysed. They allow determination of some previously neglected tidal phenomena in this region, such as third-degree tides, and they provide context for analysis of the shorter datasets. The semidiurnal tides are small at all sites, yet M2 undergoes a clear seasonal cycle, which was first noted by Sir George Darwin while studying measurements from the Discovery expedition. Darwin saw a much larger modulation than we observe, and we consider possible explanations - instrumental or climatic - for this difference.

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