scholarly journals Modlitewniki dla Żydówek w języku polskim, ich autorzy i użytkowniczki. Casus Żydów warszawskich połowy XIX wieku

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-121
Author(s):  
Agata Rybińska

Prayer Books for Jewish Women in Polish, Their Authors and Users: The Case of Jews in Warsaw in the Mid-Nineteenth Century In the nineteenth century, only two prayer books for Jewish women and girls were published in the Polish language: one written by Jakub Elsenberg (Warsaw 1855) and the other by Rozalia Saulson (Warsaw 1861). This small numer contrasts with the numerous editions of tkhines in Yiddish and Andachts- and Gebetbücher in German. The aim of the paper is to discuss the circumstances of the creation of both books and specificity of these editions. The origins of the users of the Warsaw’s prayer books according to the list of subscribers (and using the data of genealogical sources) are also considered.

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-244
Author(s):  
John Parker

This chapter considers the transformation from a culture of speaking about death to one which included writing and reading about death. It spotlights the final quarter of the nineteenth century, from the creation of the British Crown Colony of the Gold Coast in 1874 to its expansion with the formal incorporation of Asante and the savanna hinterland to the north in 1901–2. The chapter focuses on literacy and print culture as they developed on the Gold Coast littoral, a process which would extend into Asante and beyond only in the twentieth century. This print culture comprised both vernacular African languages and, with the departure of the Dutch in 1872, the language of the remaining colonizing power: English. The former was particularly associated with the Basel Mission, whose European and African agents pioneered the transcription of Ga and Twi as written languages and produced the first vernacular printed texts: prayer books, primers, dictionaries, the gospels and, by the 1860s to 1870s, compete translations of the Bible. The Bible, of course, has a great deal to say about mortality and the ends of life, however, the chapter concentrates on a different, secular medium of entextualized discourses about death: newspapers, which, as in Europe, 'accorded mortality new openings.'


2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janowska

From an Adverb to a Prefix: The Case of the Polish współ-In the modern Polish language, it is difficult to determine in an unambiguous manner the word-formative status of formations which feature the element współ-. Such elements are treated as compounds or, more frequently, as prefixal forms. Historically, these elements, along with the constructions spół-, społu, constituted a class of compounds which were synonymous. The first attestations of the structures which are discussed in this article date back to as early as the Old Polish period (cf. społupomoc, społudziedzic), although their expansion occurred only in the nineteenth century (e.g. współdryblas, współdziałać, współinteresowany). The development of this derivative group is clearly associated with the evolution of adverbs of the type społu, pospołu, wespół, współ, wspołek; it mainly consists in the expansion of the forms which feature współ on the one hand, and in the slow process of disassociation of the relationship in question on the other. Owing to specialisation of the forms współ, spół in the derivational function (a process relatively discernible since the sixteenth century), we may speak about a slow process of their transformation into a prefix, which intensified along with the process of the obsolescence of the adverb wespół. Od przysłówka do przedrostka (na przykładzie polskiego współ-)We współczesnej polszczyźnie trudno jednoznacznie określić status słowotwórczy formacji z cząstką współ-. Są traktowane bądź jako złożenia, bądź – częściej – jako formy prefiksalne. W historii tworzyły razem z konstrukcjami ze spół-, społu klasę synonimicznych względem siebie złożeń. Pierwsze poświadczenia opisywanych struktur pochodzą już z czasów staropolskich (por. społupomoc, społudziedzic), jednak ich ekspansja następuje dopiero około XIX wieku (np. współdryblas, współdziałać, współinteresowany). Rozwój tej grupy derywacyjnej wyraźnie powiązany jest z ewolucją przysłówków typu społu, pospołu, wespół, współ, wspołek i polega przede wszystkim z jednej strony na ekspansji form z współ, z drugiej, na powolnym odrywaniu się od wspomnianego związku. Ze względu na dość wyraźną już od XVI wieku specjalizację form współ, spół w funkcji derywacyjnej, możemy mówić o powolnym ich przekształcaniu się w prefiks. Wraz z wycofywaniem się z języka przysłówka wespół proces ten nasilił się.


1970 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Magdalena Hillström

The thesis traces and analyses important changes in cultural heritage and museum politics during the nineteenth century. It tells two overlapping narratives. One is about the creation and expansion of Nordiska museet, and about the museum founder, Artur Hazelius. The other concerns the indecisive construction of meaning and organisational forms for state responsibility for the cultural heritage. The nineteenth century is commonly described as a time when cultural heritage became a concern of the state. This thesis instead sheds light on the uncertainties involved in the construction of national cultural heritage politics. It emphasises the crucial role played by voluntary organisations. It observes the significance of histories and of counter-histories in the controversies obout the ownership of the cultural heritage and responsibility for maintaining it. The thesis also focuses on the emergence of a museum profession and its implications for the development of Nordiska museet and for museum politics in general.


Author(s):  
Marcin Wodziński

This chapter details how, with the growth of the modernizing camp in the 1850s and the 1860s, a clear division emerged within the camp. Three main groups were already distinguishable by the late 1850s. The first of these groups was made up chiefly of maskilim who wrote mainly in Hebrew, had pro-German cultural tendencies, and rejected the dominant pro-Polish integrationist movement, seeking ideological allies among the Russian or Galician maskilim and the Russian authorities, rather than among the Polish Jewish proponents of modernization. At the other extreme, the representatives of the radical pro-Polish assimilation movement, who strove to obliterate all signs of Jewish separateness, were as far removed from the integrationists as were the offshoots of the Haskalah. The transformation of Jewish modernizing circles in Poland in the second half of the nineteenth century appears to have been mainly a result of the trend towards Polonization already observable among the first generation of maskilim in the Kingdom of Poland. The chapter then considers the growth in the significance of the Polish language to Jewish society and the emergence of Polish patriotism. It also discusses the attitude of the three basic groups — the traditional maskilim, assimilationists, and integrationists — towards hasidism.


1989 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Mitchell

By the beginning of World War I, a separate culture of girlhood had taken shape in Britain. “Girlhood” had its own interests, values, and (perhaps) ethics; its own language, customs, and literature. Fifty years earlier, when publishers first began to identify readers in a category which they differentiated from the adult audience on the one hand and the general children's audience on the other, they were not quite sure who girls were and what they might be interested in. Publishers' advertisements used terms such as “the girl from 8 to 18” and “those who have left the schoolroom but not yet entered society.” The earliest girls' magazines, which appeared in the last quarter of the century, opened their readers' contribution pages to “girls” up to the age of twenty-five. Mid-nineteenth-century fiction about girls generally emphasized home life and home duties, but by 1900 many books dwelt on the values and interactions of girls themselves, with hardly any mention of adults. As a first step in discussing the creation of girlhood – and the values, attitudes, and understandings which this creation encoded – the case of L.T. Meade is instructive.


2018 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
A. N. Mironov ◽  
V. V. Lisitskiy

In the article on set-theoretic level, developed a conceptual model of the system of special types of technical support for difficult organizational-technical system. The purpose of conceptualizing the creation of a system of interrelated and stemming from one of the other views on certain objects, phenomena, processes associated with the system of special types of technical support. In the development of applied concepts and principles of the methodology of system approach. The empirical basis for the development of the conceptual model has served many fixed factors obtained in the warning system and require formalization and theoretical explanation. The novelty of the model lies in the account of the effect of environment directly on the alert system. Therefore, in the conceptual model of the system of special types of technical support included directly in the conceptual model of the system of special types and conceptual model of the environment. Part of the conceptual model of the environment is included in the conceptual model of the enemy of nature and co-systems.


Author(s):  
Vered Noam

In attempting to characterize Second Temple legends of the Hasmoneans, the concluding chapter identifies several distinct genres: fragments from Aramaic chronicles, priestly temple legends, Pharisaic legends, and theodicean legends explaining the fall of the Hasmonean dynasty. The chapter then examines, by generation, how Josephus on the one hand, and the rabbis on the other, reworked these embedded stories. The Josephan treatment aimed to reduce the hostility of the early traditions toward the Hasmoneans by imposing a contrasting accusatory framework that blames the Pharisees and justifies the Hasmonean ruler. The rabbinic treatment of the last three generations exemplifies the processes of rabbinization and the creation of archetypal figures. With respect to the first generation, the deliberate erasure of Judas Maccabeus’s name from the tradition of Nicanor’s defeat indicates that they chose to celebrate the Hasmonean victory but concealed its protagonists, the Maccabees, simply because no way was found to bring them into the rabbinic camp.


Author(s):  
Linford D. Fisher

Although racial lines eventually hardened on both sides, in the opening decades of colonization European and native ideas about differences between themselves and the other were fluid and dynamic, changing on the ground in response to local developments and experiences. Over time, perceived differences were understood to be rooted in more than just environment and culture. In the eighteenth century, bodily differences became the basis for a wider range of deeper, more innate distinctions that, by the nineteenth century, hardened into what we might now understand to be racialized differences in the modern sense. Despite several centuries of dispossession, disease, warfare, and enslavement at the hands of Europeans, native peoples in the Americans almost universally believed the opposite to be true. The more indigenous Americans were exposed to Europeans, the more they believed in the vitality and superiority of their own cultures.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document