What's in a name? Monophyly of genera in the red algae: Rhodophyllis parasitica sp. nov. (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta); a new red algal parasite from New Zealand

ALGAE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Preuss ◽  
Giuseppe C. Zuccarello
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Red Algal

Fourth addendum to the synoptic review of red algal genera

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig W. Schneider ◽  
Michael J. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Hierarchical Framework ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

Abstract The fourth addendum to Schneider and Wynne’s 2007 “A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin’s 1956 ‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen’” is presented, covering the names of genus- and higher-level taxa added or modified since our third addendum (Bot. Mar. 59: 397–404). Since that synopsis, we added 21 new genera in a first addendum, 27 in the second, and 40 in the third, demonstrating the increasing amount of genetic work over more than a decade. In this fourth addendum, we add 58 new genera to the list of red algae as well as many new taxa in the hierarchical framework over the past 3 years. Based upon molecular sequencing, other genera reinstated from synonymy studies are included.

Marine red algae (Rhodophyta) of economic use in the algal drifts from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 387 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA LUISA NÚÑEZ RESENDIZ ◽  
KURT M. DRECKMANN ◽  
ABEL SENTÍES ◽  
MICHAEL J. WYNNE ◽  
HILDA LEÓN TEJERA
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
New Records ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Economic Use

Red algae are the most conspicuous component in algal drifts that periodically arrive on the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula. Given the presence of agars and carrageenans in their cell wall and the synthesis of secondary metabolites that act as antitumors or antioxidants, most of these species are highly valued in the international market. However, in this region of Mexico they are not used but represent a problem of waste from beaches. Our aim was to determine the composition of marine red algae of economic use in the algal drifts of the Yucatan Peninsula, providing brief descriptions, photographs that facilitate their identification and possible explanations for their causes and routes of origin. 13 samplings were carried out at 14 sites, collecting fresh and complete thalli from which the species of economic importance were described. 24 species distributed in six orders and seven families were identified. The most abundant families for both the number of species and the amount of biomass were Gracilariaceae (10 species), Rhodomelaceae (6 species) and Solieriaceae (3 species). The localities with the greatest diversity and biomass were those belonging to Campeche: Sabancuy (11 species), Punta Xen (14 species), Tortuga Bay (13 species) and Playa Bonita (13 species). From the present study we contributed six new records endemic to Campeche, including the first record of the genus Codiophyllum for the Western Atlantic Ocean. Our data on diversity, biomass, periodicity and growth rates of red algal drifts allow us to suggest that the Campeche and Yucatan drifts are a sustainable source of raw material.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Edible Film Berbahan Dasar Ekstrak Karagenan dari Alga Merah (Eucheuma Spinosum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Ani Nurmilla ◽  
Nety Kurniaty ◽  
Hilda Aprillia W
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Main Components

Abstract. Nowadays, edible film is a food coating film that has been developed as a food wrapper. The main components for edible film include carrageenan, starch and pectin. This study aims to isolate carrageenan from red algae and find the best edible film formula from red algal carrageenan. Carrageenan was isolated using NaOH solution of various concentrations of 0.5; 1,0; 1.5 and 2.0 N. Carrageenan which has the best characteristics is then made into an edible film with the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer. Edible film formula is made with four variations of carrageenan concentration, i.e. 1; 1,5; 2 and 2.5%. The results of carrageenan isolation produced the best yield using 2N NaOH, which was 8.4%. The best edible film is edible film made from carrageenan 2.5% because it has the best percent elongation of 77%. Abstrak. Edible film merupakan film penyalut makanan yang banyak dikembangkan akhir-akhir ini sebagai pembungkus makanan. Komponen utama penyusun edible film diantaranya adalah karageenan, pati dan pektin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi karagenan dari alga merah dan mencari formula edible film dari karagenan alga merah yang paling baik. Karagenan diisolasi dengan menggunakan larutan NaOH berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 dan 2,0 N. Karagenan yang memiliki karakteristik paling baik kemudian dibuat menjadi edible film dengan tambahan gliserol sebagai plastisizer. Formula edible film dibuat dengan empat variasi konsentrasi karagenan, yaitu 1; 1,5; 2 dan 2,5%. Hasil isolasi karagenan menghasilkan yield yang paling baik menggunakan NaOH 2N, yaitu sebesar 8,4%. Edible film yang paling baik adalah edible film yang dibuat dari karagenan 2,5% karena memiliki persen pemanjangan yang paling baik yaitu 77%.

scholarly journals Three new red algal parasites from New Zealand: Cladhymenia oblongifoliaphila sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae), Phycodrys novae-zelandiaephila sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae) and Judithia parasitica sp. nov. (Kallymeniaceae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Preuss ◽  
Giuseppe Zuccarello
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Host Switching ◽  
Patchy Distribution ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Plastid Markers ◽  
Host Parasite

2018 International Phycological Society There are over 120 species of red algal parasites (Florideophyceae) but they are often overlooked due to their small size and patchy distribution. Red algal parasites have mostly been described as independent genera but recent phylogenetic studies have shown that parasites are related to free-living relatives, often their hosts, and have been named in these genera to maintain monophyly. We investigated the morphology, distribution and phylogeny, using diverse molecular markers (mitochondrial, nuclear, plastid), of three new red algal parasites in New Zealand. We describe the parasites using morphological and anatomical observations and estimate their distribution by surveying herbarium vouchers. Analyses of reproductive structures and molecular phylogenies indicate that the closest relative of the parasite Phycodrys novae-zelandiaephila sp. nov. is its host, Phycodrys novae-zelandiae. Based on nuclear and mitochondrial markers, the closest relative of the parasite Cladhymenia oblongifoliaphila sp. nov. is its host Cladhymenia oblongifolia but plastid markers group it with Cladhymenia lyallii, suggesting that this species was a past host and the source of parasite plastids. The parasite Judithia parasitica sp. nov. groups with Judithia delicatissima but infects Blastophyllis spp., suggesting that this parasite evolved as a free-living or parasitic Judithia species, and host switching may have occurred. This study adds to our knowledge of New Zealand red algal parasites and highlights contrasting patterns of host–parasite relationships.

scholarly journals Costatone C—A new halogenated monoterpene from the New Zealand red alga plocamium angustum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Bracegirdle ◽  
Z Sohail ◽  
Michael Fairhurst ◽  
Monica Gerth ◽  
Giuseppe Zuccarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Product Distributions ◽  
Halogenated Monoterpenes ◽  
The Absolute

© 2019 by the authors Red algae of the genus Plocamium have been a rich source of halogenated monoterpenes. Herein, a new cyclic monoterpene, costatone C (7), was isolated from the extract of P. angustum collected in New Zealand, along with the previously reported (1E,5Z)-1,6-dichloro-2-methylhepta-1,5-dien-3-ol (8). Elucidation of the planar structure of 7 was achieved through conventional NMR and (−)-HR-APCI-MS techniques, and the absolute configuration by comparison of experimental and DFT-calculated ECD spectra. The absolute configuration of 8 was determined using Mosher’s method. Compound 7 showed mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. The state of Plocamium taxonomy and its implications upon natural product distributions, especially across samples from specimens collected in different countries, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Costatone C—A New Halogenated Monoterpene from the New Zealand Red Alga Plocamium angustum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Bracegirdle ◽  
Zaineb Sohail ◽  
Michael J. Fairhurst ◽  
Monica L. Gerth ◽  
Giuseppe C. Zuccarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Product Distributions ◽  
Halogenated Monoterpenes ◽  
The Absolute

Red algae of the genus Plocamium have been a rich source of halogenated monoterpenes. Herein, a new cyclic monoterpene, costatone C (7), was isolated from the extract of P. angustum collected in New Zealand, along with the previously reported (1E,5Z)-1,6-dichloro-2-methylhepta-1,5-dien-3-ol (8). Elucidation of the planar structure of 7 was achieved through conventional NMR and (−)-HR-APCI-MS techniques, and the absolute configuration by comparison of experimental and DFT-calculated ECD spectra. The absolute configuration of 8 was determined using Mosher’s method. Compound 7 showed mild antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. The state of Plocamium taxonomy and its implications upon natural product distributions, especially across samples from specimens collected in different countries, is also discussed.

Actin rings in cytokinesis of apical cells in red algae

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Garbary ◽  
A. Rosa McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Transverse Wall ◽  
Actin Ring ◽  
Dense Ring ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Actin Rings ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

Actin rings are demonstrated for the first time in florideophyte red algae in Audouinella botryocarpa (Acrochaetiales) and Tiffaniella snyderae and Griffithsia pacifica (Ceramiales). Rings formed a complete circle in the peripheral cytoplasm prior to the development of the septum by furrowing. In the uninucleate A. botryocarpa, ring formation precedes mitosis. In all species F-actin initially has a diffuse to longitudinal alignment throughout the cell. The actin realigns and then contracts to form a dense actin ring. Following cell division, aggregations of actin are maintained along the transverse wall in at least G. pacifica and A. botryocarpa, and a dense ring of actin was observed around a pit plug in T. snyderae. The occurrence of actin rings in cell division of members of the Acrochaetiales and Ceramiales is consistent with ultrastructural observations on red algal unicells and suggests that actin rings are part of the ancestral cytokinetic mechanism in red algae. Keywords: actin rings, cell division, cytokinesis, cytoskeleton, microfilaments, Rhodophyta.

A contaminant DNA barcode sequence reveals a new red algal order, Corynodactylales (Nemaliophycidae, Florideophyceae)

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Saunders ◽  
Katelyn L. Wadland ◽  
Eric D. Salomaki ◽  
Christopher E. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis

Routine DNA barcode surveys of red algae can occasionally yield contaminant sequences owing to the diverse epi/endo flora and fauna that can inhabit these species. Often discarded as nuisance data, further exploration in this study led to the discovery of an unusual red alga with a highly characteristic vegetative development in which the diminutive primary vegetative filaments are terminated by distinctive monosporangia. This entity is described here as Corynodactylus rejiciendus G.W. Saunders gen. et sp. nov. Generating genomic data from the host and associated epiphytic flora, and subsequently subtracting out genes of the former, facilitated a multigene phylogenetic analysis supporting recognition of Corynodactylaceae fam. nov. and Corynodactylales ord. nov. as a distant sister to the order Balliales in the subclass Nemaliophycidae.

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