scholarly journals Karakteristik Edible Film Berbahan Dasar Ekstrak Karagenan dari Alga Merah (Eucheuma Spinosum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Ani Nurmilla ◽  
Nety Kurniaty ◽  
Hilda Aprillia W
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Main Components

Abstract. Nowadays, edible film is a food coating film that has been developed as a food wrapper. The main components for edible film include carrageenan, starch and pectin. This study aims to isolate carrageenan from red algae and find the best edible film formula from red algal carrageenan. Carrageenan was isolated using NaOH solution of various concentrations of 0.5; 1,0; 1.5 and 2.0 N. Carrageenan which has the best characteristics is then made into an edible film with the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer. Edible film formula is made with four variations of carrageenan concentration, i.e. 1; 1,5; 2 and 2.5%. The results of carrageenan isolation produced the best yield using 2N NaOH, which was 8.4%. The best edible film is edible film made from carrageenan 2.5% because it has the best percent elongation of 77%. Abstrak. Edible film merupakan film penyalut makanan yang banyak dikembangkan akhir-akhir ini sebagai pembungkus makanan. Komponen utama penyusun edible film diantaranya adalah karageenan, pati dan pektin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi karagenan dari alga merah dan mencari formula edible film dari karagenan alga merah yang paling baik. Karagenan diisolasi dengan menggunakan larutan NaOH berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 dan 2,0 N. Karagenan yang memiliki karakteristik paling baik kemudian dibuat menjadi edible film dengan tambahan gliserol sebagai plastisizer. Formula edible film dibuat dengan empat variasi konsentrasi karagenan, yaitu 1; 1,5; 2 dan 2,5%. Hasil isolasi karagenan menghasilkan yield yang paling baik menggunakan NaOH 2N, yaitu sebesar 8,4%. Edible film yang paling baik adalah edible film yang dibuat dari karagenan 2,5% karena memiliki persen pemanjangan yang paling baik yaitu 77%.

The Effect of Lauric Acid Addition on Characteristics of Biocomposite Edible Film

2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Emma Rochima ◽  
Nur Silmi Nafisah ◽  
Rosidah ◽  
Iis Rostini ◽  
Subaryono
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Film Material ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Acid Addition ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

The biocomposites were prepared from chitosan, carragenan and modified tapioca with lauric acid addition. The biocomposite were used as edible film material thus improving the mechanical characteristics. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of lauric acid addition that produced biocomposites with the best characteristics. This study used experimental method. The different concentration of lauric acid used as the treatment was 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% from total solid of hydrocolloids materials (w/w). Data were analyzed statistically using the F test (ANOVA test) with confidence level of 95%. The results showed more than 10% addition of lauric acid decreased the value of moisture content, tensile strenght, percent elongation and water vapor transmission but increase thickness, opacity and transparency value. The addition of 10% lauric acid produced biocomposite with the best characteristics according to JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) which had the moisture content of 42.65%, thickness of 0.047 mm, tensile strength of 13.8 MPa, percent elongation of 29.2%, water vapor transmission rate of 8.5 g/m2/day, opacity 8.9% and transparency 7.5. This research used renewable and biodegradable materials that can be applied to produce edible packaging with the best characteristics and eco-friendly.

Fourth addendum to the synoptic review of red algal genera

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig W. Schneider ◽  
Michael J. Wynne
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Hierarchical Framework ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Molecular Sequencing

Abstract The fourth addendum to Schneider and Wynne’s 2007 “A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin’s 1956 ‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen’” is presented, covering the names of genus- and higher-level taxa added or modified since our third addendum (Bot. Mar. 59: 397–404). Since that synopsis, we added 21 new genera in a first addendum, 27 in the second, and 40 in the third, demonstrating the increasing amount of genetic work over more than a decade. In this fourth addendum, we add 58 new genera to the list of red algae as well as many new taxa in the hierarchical framework over the past 3 years. Based upon molecular sequencing, other genera reinstated from synonymy studies are included.

Marine red algae (Rhodophyta) of economic use in the algal drifts from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 387 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARÍA LUISA NÚÑEZ RESENDIZ ◽  
KURT M. DRECKMANN ◽  
ABEL SENTÍES ◽  
MICHAEL J. WYNNE ◽  
HILDA LEÓN TEJERA
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
New Records ◽  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Economic Use

Red algae are the most conspicuous component in algal drifts that periodically arrive on the coasts of the Yucatan Peninsula. Given the presence of agars and carrageenans in their cell wall and the synthesis of secondary metabolites that act as antitumors or antioxidants, most of these species are highly valued in the international market. However, in this region of Mexico they are not used but represent a problem of waste from beaches. Our aim was to determine the composition of marine red algae of economic use in the algal drifts of the Yucatan Peninsula, providing brief descriptions, photographs that facilitate their identification and possible explanations for their causes and routes of origin. 13 samplings were carried out at 14 sites, collecting fresh and complete thalli from which the species of economic importance were described. 24 species distributed in six orders and seven families were identified. The most abundant families for both the number of species and the amount of biomass were Gracilariaceae (10 species), Rhodomelaceae (6 species) and Solieriaceae (3 species). The localities with the greatest diversity and biomass were those belonging to Campeche: Sabancuy (11 species), Punta Xen (14 species), Tortuga Bay (13 species) and Playa Bonita (13 species). From the present study we contributed six new records endemic to Campeche, including the first record of the genus Codiophyllum for the Western Atlantic Ocean. Our data on diversity, biomass, periodicity and growth rates of red algal drifts allow us to suggest that the Campeche and Yucatan drifts are a sustainable source of raw material.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penambahan Beeswax Sebagai Plasticizer Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Edible Film Kitosan [The Effect of Using Beeswax as Plasticizer Against Physical Characteristics of Chitosan Edible Film]

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Sabrina Dhimas Putri Nabila ◽  
Rahayu Kusdarwati ◽  
Agustono Agustono
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Other Hand

AbstrakEdible film kitosan merupakan kemasan primer biodegradable yang dapat dimakan berbentuk lapisan tipis dan transparan. Edible film kitosan bersifat rapuh dan kurang fleksibel sehingga perlu ditambahkan plasticizer beeswax. Beeswax atau lilin lebah bersifat ramah lingkungan dan tidak berbahaya bagi tubuh manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui film berbahan dasar kitosan dengan beeswax sebagai plasticizer dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pembuatan edible film serta mengetahui pengaruh penambahan plasticizer beeswax terhadap karakteristik fisik edible film kitosan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penambahan konsentrasi beeswax yang berbeda yakni 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, dan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kitosan dan plasticizer beeswax dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pembuatan edible film. Beeswax sebagai plasticizer memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik fisik edible film kitosan. Nilai ketebalan pada edible film yang terbentuk bekisar antara 0,012-0,36 mm, kuat tarik antara 13,72 - 47,53kgf/cm2 dan persen pemanjangan antara 3,34 – 7,44 %. Peningkatan konsentrasi plasticizer beeswax menurunkan kuat tarik namun di sisi lain dapat meningkatkan nilai ketebalan dan nilai persen pemanjangan. AbstractEdible film of chitosan is the primary packaging of edible-shaped that biodegradable, thin and transparent. Edible film of chitosan are brittle and less flexible so that needs to be added plasticizer beeswax. Beeswax or beeswax is environmentally friendly and not harmful to the human body. The purpose of this research is to determine the film made from chitosan with beeswax as the plasticizer can serve as the ingredient edible film and figure out the influence of the addition of the plasticizer beeswax against physical characteristics of chitosanedible film. The results showed that chitosan and plasticizer beeswax can be used as material for edible films. Beeswax give influence on the physical characteristics of the edible film. The value of the thickness on edible film between 0.012-0.36 mm, tensile strength between 13.72-47.53 kgf/cm2 and percent of elongation 3.34 – 7.44%. The increased concentration of plasticizer beeswax lose strong pull but on the other hand can increase the value of the thickness and percent elongation

scholarly journals Effect of Carrageenan Addition to the Edible Characteristics of Tilapia Skin Gelatin Film (Oreochromis niloticus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjar Setyaji ◽  
Ima Wijayanti ◽  
Romadhon Romadhon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission Rate ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Water Vapor Transmission

Gelatin of skin tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) has the potential as an edible film but has weaknesses due to the hydrophilic so that the value of the water vapor transmission rate is high. The addition of carrageenan combined with palmitic acid is used to improve the characteristics of edible films modified bythe polymer network so that it can act as cross linking which is expected to reduce the rate of water vapor transmission rate edible film. indigo and get the best carrageenan concentration edible film seen from the value of the water vapor transmission rate. The ingredients used are tilapia skin gelatin, carrageenan and palmitic acid. The research method used was experimental laboratories with completely randomized design (CRD) experimental design. Parameters observed were thickness test, solubility, tensile strength, percent elongation and water vapor transmission rate. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA). To find out the differences between treatments, the data was tested by HSD further tests. The results showed that the difference in carrageenan concentration significantly affected (P<0,05)  the thickness value, tensile strength, percent elongation, solubility and water vapor transmission rate. Addition of carrageenan 0.8% was the best result which has a tensile strength of 4.209 ± 0.241 MPa, elongation percent 16.332 ± 1.019%, solubility of 65.911 ± 2.930% and water vapor transmission rate of 7.792 ± 0.376 g / m2. Hour. Testing of tensile strength in 0,8% carrageenan film showed that the film matrix binds so that the film was not easily broken compared to the control. The low water vapor transmission rate in the 0.8% carrageenan addition edible film sample showed the formation of cross linking between gelatin and carrageenan protein molecules.

Actin rings in cytokinesis of apical cells in red algae

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Garbary ◽  
A. Rosa McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Transverse Wall ◽  
Actin Ring ◽  
Dense Ring ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
First Time ◽  
Actin Rings ◽  
Peripheral Cytoplasm

Actin rings are demonstrated for the first time in florideophyte red algae in Audouinella botryocarpa (Acrochaetiales) and Tiffaniella snyderae and Griffithsia pacifica (Ceramiales). Rings formed a complete circle in the peripheral cytoplasm prior to the development of the septum by furrowing. In the uninucleate A. botryocarpa, ring formation precedes mitosis. In all species F-actin initially has a diffuse to longitudinal alignment throughout the cell. The actin realigns and then contracts to form a dense actin ring. Following cell division, aggregations of actin are maintained along the transverse wall in at least G. pacifica and A. botryocarpa, and a dense ring of actin was observed around a pit plug in T. snyderae. The occurrence of actin rings in cell division of members of the Acrochaetiales and Ceramiales is consistent with ultrastructural observations on red algal unicells and suggests that actin rings are part of the ancestral cytokinetic mechanism in red algae. Keywords: actin rings, cell division, cytokinesis, cytoskeleton, microfilaments, Rhodophyta.

Pemanfaatan Edible Film Dari Limbah Nasi Aking Sebagai Bahan Pelapis Dalam Pengawetan Buah

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Mubarokah N Dewi ◽  
Iqbal Maulana ◽  
Gariza Fadha ◽  
Michelle S Sesira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Percent Elongation ◽  
Fruit Preservation

The use of synthetic coatings as Food Additives consumed in the long term can damage human health. These horrible effects have paved the way for the development of edible films and natural edible coatings. One of the edible film ingredients is scorched rice which can be used as a coating in fruit preservation. However, the use of this edible film on food ingredients has some problems, especially its mechanical properties which tend to be fragile (not flexible). This article examines the mechanical characteristics of scorched rice with variations in the concentration of glycerol and carrageenan. Based on these results, it was concluded that the higher the volume of glycerol used, the percent elongation increased. The greatest elongation was obtained in the ratio of 3 g of carrageenan with 8 ml of glycerol. However, the addition of glycerol volume causes the biodegradable plastic to tear more easily. The greatest tensile strength value was obtained with a ratio of 5 g of carrageenan and 4 ml of glycerol. The edible film can prevent the spoilage of apples tested for 10 days.

A contaminant DNA barcode sequence reveals a new red algal order, Corynodactylales (Nemaliophycidae, Florideophyceae)

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary W. Saunders ◽  
Katelyn L. Wadland ◽  
Eric D. Salomaki ◽  
Christopher E. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis

Routine DNA barcode surveys of red algae can occasionally yield contaminant sequences owing to the diverse epi/endo flora and fauna that can inhabit these species. Often discarded as nuisance data, further exploration in this study led to the discovery of an unusual red alga with a highly characteristic vegetative development in which the diminutive primary vegetative filaments are terminated by distinctive monosporangia. This entity is described here as Corynodactylus rejiciendus G.W. Saunders gen. et sp. nov. Generating genomic data from the host and associated epiphytic flora, and subsequently subtracting out genes of the former, facilitated a multigene phylogenetic analysis supporting recognition of Corynodactylaceae fam. nov. and Corynodactylales ord. nov. as a distant sister to the order Balliales in the subclass Nemaliophycidae.

An ultrastructural study of cell division in the coralline red alga Bossiella orbigniana

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Broadwater ◽  
Joe Scott ◽  
Dawn Field ◽  
Bill Saunders ◽  
Jewel Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Metaphase Plate ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Nucleolar Material ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Polar Gap ◽  
Rough Er

This investigation of Bossiella orbigniana (Decaisne) Silva ssp. orbigniana represents the first ultrastructural account of cell division in the order Corallinales. The mitotic process in this alga is differentiated from that of other red algae by a combination of characters. During prometaphase–metaphase the division poles contain unusual membrane arrangements including quantities of smooth-surfaced membranes and elongate extensions of perinuclear rough ER. At anaphase extensive remnants of nucleolar material attach to the chromosomes, trailing them to the poles. After telophase, the distal nucleus continues to move toward the apex resulting in much greater nuclear segregation than accomplished by anaphase alone. Cytokinesis is temporally displaced from mitosis and displaced distally from the metaphase plate. A reevaluation of ultrastructural patterns of red algal cell division suggests that there are two basic types of mitosis, the polar gap type and the polar fenestrations type to which B. orbigniana belongs. These two types are differentiated by a number of characters with the most important being the configuration of the prometaphase–metaphase polar region and spindle origin. Key words: Bossiella, cell division, Corallinales, mitosis, phylogeny, red algae.

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