A contaminant DNA barcode sequence reveals a new red algal order, Corynodactylales (Nemaliophycidae, Florideophyceae)

Routine DNA barcode surveys of red algae can occasionally yield contaminant sequences owing to the diverse epi/endo flora and fauna that can inhabit these species. Often discarded as nuisance data, further exploration in this study led to the discovery of an unusual red alga with a highly characteristic vegetative development in which the diminutive primary vegetative filaments are terminated by distinctive monosporangia. This entity is described here as Corynodactylus rejiciendus G.W. Saunders gen. et sp. nov. Generating genomic data from the host and associated epiphytic flora, and subsequently subtracting out genes of the former, facilitated a multigene phylogenetic analysis supporting recognition of Corynodactylaceae fam. nov. and Corynodactylales ord. nov. as a distant sister to the order Balliales in the subclass Nemaliophycidae.

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An ultrastructural study of cell division in the coralline red alga Bossiella orbigniana

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b93-048 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 434-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sharon Broadwater ◽

Joe Scott ◽

Dawn Field ◽

Bill Saunders ◽

Jewel Thomas

Keyword(s):

Cell Division ◽

Red Algae ◽

Polar Region ◽

Algal Cell ◽

Metaphase Plate ◽

Red Alga ◽

Nucleolar Material ◽

Red Algal ◽

Polar Gap ◽

Rough Er

This investigation of Bossiella orbigniana (Decaisne) Silva ssp. orbigniana represents the first ultrastructural account of cell division in the order Corallinales. The mitotic process in this alga is differentiated from that of other red algae by a combination of characters. During prometaphase–metaphase the division poles contain unusual membrane arrangements including quantities of smooth-surfaced membranes and elongate extensions of perinuclear rough ER. At anaphase extensive remnants of nucleolar material attach to the chromosomes, trailing them to the poles. After telophase, the distal nucleus continues to move toward the apex resulting in much greater nuclear segregation than accomplished by anaphase alone. Cytokinesis is temporally displaced from mitosis and displaced distally from the metaphase plate. A reevaluation of ultrastructural patterns of red algal cell division suggests that there are two basic types of mitosis, the polar gap type and the polar fenestrations type to which B. orbigniana belongs. These two types are differentiated by a number of characters with the most important being the configuration of the prometaphase–metaphase polar region and spindle origin. Key words: Bossiella, cell division, Corallinales, mitosis, phylogeny, red algae.

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Acquiring DNA sequence data from dried archival red algae (Florideophyceae) for the purpose of applying available names to contemporary genetic species: a critical assessment

Botany ◽

10.1139/b11-079 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 191-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Gary W. Saunders ◽

Daniel C. McDevit

Keyword(s):

Red Algae ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Algal Species ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Universal Primers ◽

Success Rates ◽

Mitochondrial Coi ◽

Red Algal

Two DNA extraction protocols and nine variations of advocated DNA barcode markers (nuclear LSU D2/D3, ITS1, ITS2, mitochondrial COI-5P, plastid rbcL, UPA) were assessed for their abilities to yield species-level resolution from archival collections of red algae. With the exception of LSU D2/D3, all markers trialed displayed the potential to resolve red algal species. However, shortened COI-5P (COIms) and ITS (ITS2r) markers displayed four to five times the intrageneric divergence of shortened plastid markers and are preferred for their resolving power. For recent archival samples (4–11 years), COIms, ITS2r, and UPA displayed >90% amplification success. However, success rates declined rapidly as samples ranging in age from ca. 45–180 years old were tested. Further, contamination was a serious concern in reamplifications (partially nested PCR), especially for markers using universal primers (e.g., UPA) and for trials that employed the best extraction procedure, i.e., the better an extraction protocol is at isolating small DNA fragments from archival material, the better it is at acquiring small contaminating fragments from the laboratory — an intuitive and unfortunate reality. The ramifications of our results for ongoing attempts to extract DNA from archival red algal collections using PCR-based protocols is discussed along with recommendations to improve the likelihood of authentic outcomes.

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Studies on the Regulation of Algal Growth by Gibberellin

Australian Journal of Biological Sciences ◽

10.1071/bi9711115 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 1115 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

RC Jennings

Keyword(s):

Red Algae ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Red Alga ◽

General Phenomenon ◽

Hypnea Musciformis ◽

Fast Growing ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Amo 1618 ◽

Slow Growing

CCC and Amo.1618, at relatively high concentrations only, inhibited the growth of excised branch apices of the red alga Hypnea musciformis. Neither GA3 nor GA7 stimulated growth of the alga in the presence or absence of these compounds, and gibberellin-like material extracted from H. musciformis also failed to stimulate growth. However, both gibberellins stimulated the growth of slow-growing, but not fast-growing, branch apices of the related red alga Gracilaria verucosa. It is concluded that endogenous gibberellins may not regulate the growth of H. musciformis, but this is likely to be a peculiarity of this species and not a general phenomenon in red algae.

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DNA barcoding reveals multiple overlooked Australian species of the red algal order Rhodymeniales (Florideophyceae), with resurrection of Halopeltis J. Agardh and description of Pseudohalopeltis gen. nov.

Botany ◽

10.1139/b10-038 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (7) ◽

pp. 639-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Gary W. Saunders ◽

Brian McDonald

Keyword(s):

Dna Barcode ◽

South Australia ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Cryptic Diversity ◽

Additional Species ◽

Australian Species ◽

Lord Howe Island ◽

Red Algal ◽

Species Groups ◽

Genetic Species

The DNA barcode (COI-5P) was used to investigate cryptic diversity among Rhodymenia spp. in southern Australia. Whereas eight species are currently recognized, we uncovered ca. 20 genetic species groups, phylogenetically assigned to four genera in two families. Procumbent specimens with molecular and anatomical signatures of the Fryeellaceae are assigned to Pseudohalopeltis tasmanensis gen. et sp. nov. Collections from Lord Howe Island recorded in the field as Rhodymenia / Fauchea sp. are assigned to the poorly known genus Microphyllum as Microphyllum robustum sp. nov. A cluster of species with distinct molecular and anatomical attributes is included in a resurrected Halopeltis J.G. Agardh, including Halopeltis australis (J. Agardh) comb. nov. (type species); Halopeltis austrina (Womersley) comb. nov.; Halopeltis cuneata (Harvey) comb. nov. [including Rhodymenia halymenioides (J. Agardh) Womersley]; Halopeltis gracilis sp. nov.; Halopeltis prostrata sp. nov.; and Halopeltis verrucosa (Womersley) comb. nov. Four additional species of Halopeltis from Lord Howe Island (LH1, LH2), Tasmania (TAS), and Western Australia are not characterized further. For Rhodymenia sensu stricto, similar levels of cryptic diversity were noted. Samples tentatively field-identified as “ Rhodymenia sonderi ,” but having affiliations to Rhodymenia rather than Halopeltis, are referred to Rhodymenia novahollandica sp. nov. Collections field-identified as R. obtusa are genetically distinct from that species and are assigned to Rhodymenia wilsonis (Sonder) comb. nov. Two highly divergent species currently identified as Rhodymenia leptophylla (LH from Lord Howe Island; TAS from Tasmania), as well as two additional cryptic previously unnamed taxa from South Australia (SA) and Victoria (VIC), are not characterized further.

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Morphometry and Phylogeny of the Different Populations of Selaginella tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring and S. pulvinata (Hook. & Grev.) Maxim. in Northern Thailand

Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences ◽

10.12982/cmujns.2021.077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Udon Pongkawong ◽

◽

Jatupol Kampuansai ◽

Rossarin Pollawatn ◽

Arunothai Jampeetong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Southern China ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

The Philippines ◽

Northern Thailand ◽

Selaginella Tamariscina

Abstract “Dok Hin” is the Thai local name for Selaginella species that form rosettes. They commonly distributes in Siberia, Manchuria, southern China, Japan, the Philippines and Thailand. Morphology of Dok Hin is very resemble leading to misidentification. So, exactly number of species of Dok Hin in Thailand and their differences in morphological characteristics is not well understood. Thus, revision of morphological characters and phylogenetic confirmation of the taxonomic identification are needed. This study aims to examine morphological charateristics and phylogenetic patterns in eight populations of the Dok Hin in Northern Thailand. Morphology of Dok Hin from each populations was quantitatively examined using 15 vegetative and 6 reproductive characters meanwhile phylogenetic analyses was explored by DNA barcode ITS2. The results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two species of Dok Hin, S. tamariscina and S. pulvinata. Selaginella tamariscina can be distinguished from S. pulvinata by its presence of a pseudotrunk above ground and ridges of dorsal leaves. On the other hand, the results of phylogenetic analysis indicated the differences among populations of S. pulvinata as well. Chiang Mai populations of S. pulvinata was characterized by peculiar set of characters long leaves and leaf apices look like caudate, while the rest of their populations have shorter leaves and leaf apices look like aristate. It indicates that S. pulvinata has genetic and phenotypic divergence among populations. However, additional studies of Dok Hin populations in other parts of Thailand and studies on different genetic markers are necessary to confirm the taxonomic status of S. pulvinata. Keywords: Dok Hin, Morphometric, Phylogeny, Pseudotrunk, Resurrection plant

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Growth and Differentiation of the Golgi Apparatus in the Red Alga, Callithamnion Roseum

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.14.3.633 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 633-655

Author(s):

EVA KONRAD HAWKINS

Keyword(s):

Plasma Membrane ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Golgi Apparatus ◽

Red Algae ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Spore Wall ◽

Red Alga ◽

Wall Formation ◽

Golgi Vesicles

The fine structure of the Golgi apparatus during development of tetrasporangia of Calli-thamnion roseum is described. Dictyosomes and associated vesicles of 4 developmental stages of sporangia are examined. The wall of sporangia exhibits a heretofore unseen cuticle in red algae. Development of the spore wall and a new plasma membrane around spores occurs through fusion of adjacent Golgi vesicles along the periphery of cells. Observations are discussed in relation to wall formation and expansion of tetrads and in comparison with other work on growth and differentiation of the Golgi apparatus.

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First reports of the red alga Hypoglossum caloglossoides from the Mediterranean and the Red Sea

Botanica Marina ◽

10.1515/bot-2015-0018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Razy Hoffman ◽

Michael J. Wynne

Keyword(s):

Red Sea ◽

Algal Species ◽

Red Alga ◽

Red Algal ◽

The Mediterranean

AbstractThe occurrence of the red algal species

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Protubera beijingensis sp. nov. (Protophallaceae, Phallales) from China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.348.2.8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 348 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

GUOJIE LI ◽

DEJIANG DENG ◽

JINKANG WEI ◽

CHULONG ZHANG ◽

RUILIN ZHAO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

North China ◽

Morphological Description ◽

Similar Species ◽

Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Globally Distributed ◽

A New Species

The genus Protubera includes gasteroid species. Its members are globally distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas, and presently, six species are recognized. In this paper, Protubera beijingensis from North China is described as a new species. Its morphological description and illustration are provided in detail and compared with morphologically similar species. A multigene phylogenetic analysis based on nLSU, atp6, and rpb2 sequences of the genus Protubera also identifies this organism as a new species within Protubera.

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Fourth addendum to the synoptic review of red algal genera

Botanica Marina ◽

10.1515/bot-2019-0003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 355-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Craig W. Schneider ◽

Michael J. Wynne

Keyword(s):

New Taxa ◽

Red Algae ◽

New Genera ◽

Half Century ◽

Hierarchical Framework ◽

The Third ◽

The Past ◽

Red Algal ◽

Molecular Sequencing

Abstract The fourth addendum to Schneider and Wynne’s 2007 “A synoptic review of the classification of red algal genera a half century after Kylin’s 1956 ‘Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen’” is presented, covering the names of genus- and higher-level taxa added or modified since our third addendum (Bot. Mar. 59: 397–404). Since that synopsis, we added 21 new genera in a first addendum, 27 in the second, and 40 in the third, demonstrating the increasing amount of genetic work over more than a decade. In this fourth addendum, we add 58 new genera to the list of red algae as well as many new taxa in the hierarchical framework over the past 3 years. Based upon molecular sequencing, other genera reinstated from synonymy studies are included.

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Flightless Disphaerona rediscovered in China: mtDNA phylogeography of the Yunnan clade and the sobering state of fungus weevil phylogenetics (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)

Fragmenta Entomologica ◽

10.4081/fe.2016.174 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vasily V. Grebennikov

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Sister Group ◽

The State ◽

Female Genitalia ◽

Dabie Mountains ◽

Male And Female ◽

The Family

This paper reports discovery of the genus Disphaerona Jordan, 1902 in two widely separated regions in China: in three isolated highlands in Yunnan (the Cang Shan Range, Mt. Jizu and Mt. Haba) and in the Dabie Mountains of Hubei, at the border with Anhui. Till present the genus was known from China only from four specimens of D. chinensis (including its holotype) described from Sichuan in 1995. Sixteen specimens from each of the three newly detected localities in Yunnan were DNA barcoded and the data were made publicly available at dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-DISPHAE. Temporal phylogenetic analysis revealed a topology suggesting monophyly and recent (0.2–0.4 Ma) origin of the populations on both Mt. Jizu and Mt. Haba. The population on the Cang Shan Range harbours representatives of both clades forming the ingroup, mtDNA of which diverged some 7.9 Ma. The habitus of the holotype of the only nominative Chinese Disphaerona species, D. chinensis, is illustrated, together with habitus and male and female genitalia of specimens newly discovered in both Yunnan and Hubei. All specimens of Disphaerona from Yunnan are seemingly conspecific and are taxonomically assigned to D. chinensis. Two similar males and one sympatric but dissimilar, smaller female from the Dabie Mountains do not have associated DNA barcode data. It remains unknown whether the three Dabie Mountains specimens are conspecific or even congeneric; pending this uncertainty they are tentatively treated as Disphaerona without a Linnaean name. Disphaerona population in the Dabie Mountains, if indeed a member of this hypothesised clade, forms the easternmost record of the genus. Monophyly and sister group of Disphaerona are briefly discussed and both are shown as unknown and unverifiable. A brief overview of the state of phylogenetic knowledge of Anthribidae is given, which is practically non-existing and with neither the family, nor any of its tribes and the vast majority of genera tested as monophyletic.

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