The effect of difference in the method of same intensity application cycle exercise with blood flow restriction on isokinetic muscle strength and aerobic performance

Background: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training restricts arterial inflow and venous outflow from the extremity and can produce gains in muscle strength at low loads. Low-load training reduces joint stress and decreases cardiovascular risk when compared with high-load training, thus making BFR an excellent option for many patients requiring rehabilitation. Indications: Blood flow restriction has shown clinical benefit in a variety of patient populations including healthy patients as well as those with osteoarthritis, anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and Achilles tendon rupture. Technique Description: This video demonstrates BFR training in 3 clinical areas: upper extremity resistance training, lower extremity resistance training, and low-intensity cycling. All applications of BFR first require determination of total occlusion pressure. Upper extremity training requires inflating the tourniquet to 50% of total occlusion pressure, while lower extremity exercises use 80% of total occlusion pressure. Low-load resistance training exercises follow a specific repetition scheme: 30 reps followed by a 30-second rest and then 3 sets of 15 reps with 30-seconds rest between each. During cycle training, 80% total occlusion pressure is used as the patient cycles for 15 minutes without rest. Results: Augmenting low-load resistance training with BFR increases muscle strength when compared with low-load resistance alone. In addition, low-load BFR has demonstrated an increase in muscle mass greater than low-load training alone and equivalent to high-load training absent BFR. A systematic review determined the safety of low-load training with BFR is comparable to traditional high-intensity resistance training. The most common adverse effects include exercise intolerance, discomfort, and dull pain which are also frequent in patients undergoing traditional resistance training. Severe adverse effects including deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and rhabdomyolysis are exceedingly rare, less than 0.006% according to a national survey. Patients undergoing BFR rehabilitation experience less perceived exertion and demonstrate decreased pain scores compared with high-load resistance training. Conclusion: Blood flow restriction training is an effective alternative to high-load resistance training for patients requiring musculoskeletal rehabilitation for multiple disease processes as well as in the perioperative setting. Blood flow restriction has been shown to be a safe training modality when managed by properly trained physical therapists and athletic trainers.

Download Full-text

Early phase adaptations in muscle strength and hypertrophy as a result of low-intensity blood flow restriction resistance training

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-018-3918-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 118 (9) ◽

pp. 1831-1843 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ethan C. Hill ◽

Terry J. Housh ◽

Joshua L. Keller ◽

Cory M. Smith ◽

Richard J. Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Early Phase ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Low Intensity

Download Full-text

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Strength and Architecture

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1519/jsc.0000000000003612 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Emrah Korkmaz ◽

Gürhan Dönmez ◽

Kubilay Uzuner ◽

Naila Babayeva ◽

Şerife Şeyma Torgutalp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Flow Restriction

Download Full-text

Blood Flow Restriction Compared To High Intensity Interval Training On Power Output And Muscle Strength

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000686680.68851.73 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (7S) ◽

pp. 1020-1020

Author(s):

Justin Anderson ◽

Kali Morris ◽

Gustavo Almeida ◽

Julie Barnett ◽

Tabitha Castillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Power Output ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

High Intensity Interval

Download Full-text

The effects of resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength, muscle hypertrophy and functionality in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review with meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0259574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. e0259574

Author(s):

Leonardo Peterson dos Santos ◽

Rafaela Cavalheiro do Espírito Santo ◽

Thiago Rozales Ramis ◽

Juliana Katarina Schoer Portes ◽

Rafael Mendonça da Silva Chakr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Low Intensity

Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and osteoarthritis(OA) patients showed systemic manifestations that may lead to a reduction in muscle strength, muscle mass and, consequently, to a reduction in functionality. On the other hand, moderate intensity resistance training(MIRT) and high intensity resistance training(HIRT) are able to improve muscle strength and muscle mass in RA and OA without affecting the disease course. However, due to the articular manifestations caused by these diseases, these patients may present intolerance to MIRT or HIRT. Thus, the low intensity resistance training combined with blood flow restriction(LIRTBFR) may be a new training strategy for these populations. Objective To perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to verify the effects of LIRTBFR on muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in RA and OA patients. Materials and methods A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials(RCTs), published in English, between 1957–2021, was conducted using MEDLINE(PubMed), Embase and Cochrane Library. The methodological quality was assessed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB2.0. Mean difference(MD) or standardized mean difference(SMD) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were pooled using a random-effects model. A P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Five RCTs were included. We found no significant differences in the effects between LIRTBFR, MIRT and HIRT on muscle strength, which was assessed by tests of quadriceps strength(SMD = -0.01[-0.57, 0.54], P = 0.96; I² = 58%) and functionality measured by tests with patterns similar to walking(SMD = -0.04[-0.39, 0.31], P = 0.82; I² = 0%). Compared to HIRT, muscle mass gain after LIRTBFR was reported to be similar. When comparing LIRTBFR with low intensity resistance training without blood flow restriction(LIRT), the effect LIRTBFR was reported to be higher on muscle strength, which was evaluated by the knee extension test. Conclusion LIRTBFR appears to be a promising strategy for gains in muscle strength, muscle mass and functionality in a predominant sample of RA and OA women.

Download Full-text

Effects of Blood Flow Restriction and Exercise Intensity on Aerobic, Anaerobic, and Muscle Strength Adaptations in Physically Active Collegiate Women

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2019.00810 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sadegh Amani-Shalamzari ◽

Saeedeh Rajabi ◽

Hamid Rajabi ◽

Daniel E. Gahreman ◽

Carl Paton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Physically Active ◽

Flow Restriction

Download Full-text

Effect of moderate intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength and girth in young adults –a randomized control trial

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2021-0271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Tanya Gujral ◽

Jeyanthi Subburaj ◽

Kiran Sharma

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Abstract Objectives To examine the effects of moderate intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle strength and forearm girth. Methods Total of 39 students enrolled in this study were divided into three groups that is group A (control group), group B and group C. Group A performed exercise training without restrictive pressure, group B & C performed exercise training with 50 and 75 mmHg respectively. Both the outcome measures were evaluated on day 1 and day 12th with the help of digital dynamometer and measuring tape. Results Repeated measure ANOVA with Post hoc analysis was done using SPSS software version 20. The result of the study showed significant (p≤0.05) within subject improvement in muscle strength and muscle girth in all the three groups. However, significant improvement in muscle strength was found in between group analysis (p≤0.05). Conclusions The results of the study can be concluded as the partial blood flow restriction (50 mmHg) with moderate intensity resistance training resulted in greater handgrip strength than the other two groups. No difference was found in forearm girth among the three groups, however within the group difference was found.

Download Full-text