scholarly journals Morphology and phenology in Picea abies seedlings in response to split short day treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Sundheim Fløistad ◽  
A Granhus
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Starting Date ◽  
Root Collar

Short-day (SD) treatment is used by forest nurseries to induce growth cessation in Picea abies seedlings. SD treatment may however increase the risk of reflushing in autumn and earlier bud break the following spring. We tested how different starting dates and durations of SD treatment influenced on morphological and phenological traits. Regardless of timing and duration of the SD treatment, height growth was reduced compared to the untreated controls. Seedlings given split SD (7+7 days interrupted with two weeks in long days) had less height growth than all other treatments. Root collar diameter growth was significantly less in control seedlings than in seedlings exposed to early (7 or 14 days) or split (7+7 days) SD treatment. There were also differences in the frequency of reflushing and bud break timing among the SD treated seedlings, dependent on duration and starting date. If the SD treatment started early, a continuous 14-day SD treatment was not sufficient to avoid high frequencies of reflushing. However, by splitting the SD treatment into two periods of 7+7 days these negative effects were largely avoided, although spring bud break occurred earlier than in the controls.

scholarly journals Intermittent Short Days and Chilling, and Benzylaminopurine Affect the Growth and Morphology of Fraser fir Seedlings

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-207
Author(s):  
Ben H. Cazell ◽  
John R. Seiler
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Accelerate Growth ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Chilling Period ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Short Days

Abstract Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh.) Poir.) seedlings were either grown continuously under long days (16 hr) or intermittently exposed to short days (8 hr) to induce bud set followed by a chilling period. Additionally, half the seedlings in each treatment received a foliar application of 444 uM benzylaminopurine (BAP). Seedlings that were allowed to set buds, followed by chilling, obtained the greatest height, but this treatment in combination with BAP reduced seedling height. BAP applied to seedlings grown continuously under long days stimulated height growth and prevented long dormant periods typical for non-chilled seedlings. Continuously grown, BAP-treated seedlings had 1.3 times larger root collar diameter, and 1.7 times more biomass, compared to other treatments. Root/shoot ratios for continuously grown, BAP-treated seedlings were comparable to intermittently chilled, non-BAP treated seedlings. These results suggest that either intermittent short days followed by chilling, or foliar BAP applications can be used to accelerate growth of containerized Fraser fir seedlings. However, the combination of chilling and BAP resulted in poorer development than either treatment alone.

scholarly journals Extending the Planting Period of Container Grown Oriental Spruce (Picea orientalis L. Link.) Seedlings into Summer

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafer OLMEZ ◽  
Ergun SUNER
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oriental Spruce

This study was carried out to determine the effects of different planting time from June to October on survival, height growth and root collar diameter of the Picea orientalis L. Link. seedlings and to investigate how to extend the planting period in Artvin, Turkey. In general, autumn and spring plantings are the most preferable methods for the oriental spruce reforestations. The nursery where the oriental spruce seedlings were propagated is near the sea level while afforestation areas are between 1200 m and 1800 m altitudes, and there is not a cold storage possibility in the nursery to store seedlings until planting time. When the seedlings have bud burst in the nursery, there is snow on the reforestation sites in the spring season, and while the seedlings are growing actively in the nursery it can snow early on the plantation areas, causing planting difficulties. Thus, to overcome this issue, extending the planting period of the oriental spruce can be a solution in the region. To evaluate the possibilities to extend the planting period, the experiment was established using actively growing and dormant seedlings in 2007. The container seedlings were planted regularly at the end of June (cold stored and actively growing seedlings), July (actively growing), August (actively growing) and October (dormant). The statistical approach was a randomized complete block design with three replications and 30 seedlings were planted for each replication. The height growth, root collar diameter and survival rate of the seedlings were defined during four growing seasons. The survival of actively growing seedlings planted at the end of July (84.4%) and August (91.1%) did not differ planting date from the end of October (92.2%) after the fourth growing period, in 2010. The seedlings which were planted at the end of June both cold stored (66.7%) and actively growing (70.0%) had the lowest survival rates. The highest seedling height (39.4 cm) was obtained from the seedlings planted at the end of August. The results showed that with actively growing seedlings, the planting period can be extended from late July to late August without increasing mortality.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing pattern and density on the quality of one-year-old Austrian pine bareroot seedlings

REFORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Jovana Devetaković ◽  
◽  
Lučian Krinulović ◽  
Ivona Kerkez Janković
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bareroot Seedlings ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
One Year ◽  
Root Collar

Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) seedlings are frequently used for afforestation/reforestation and restoration practice in Serbia. Indeed, the seedlings of various stock types are produced by almost all forest nurseries in Serbia and bareroot seedlings are mostly common. The aim of this study is to analyze the method of sowing and sowing density on some morphological characteristics and quality of one-year-old Austrian pine seedlings. Sowing in rows and random sowing across all seedbed space were performed. In both cases, the sowing density (R1 - 8 g m-1, R2 - 40 g m-2) and half of the recommended sowing density (S1 - 4 g m-1, S2 - 20 g m-2) were applied. Seedlings from both treatments had average height and root collar diameter values in the range of 4.91 to 5.73 cm, and 1.25 to 2.34 mm, respectively. Observed characteristics of seedlings (height - H, root collar diameter - RCD, root length - RL, dry weight of shoot - SDW, root - RDW and seedlings - SLDW, sturdiness coefficient - SQ and quality index - QI) were conditioned by treatment (One-Way ANOVA, p<0.05). Shoot to root ration was similar at seedlings of all treatments and ranged from 1.33 to 1.63. In both cases, decreased density produced better results. The combination of lower sowing density (20 g m-2) and sowing in all seedbed areas (S2) provided the best seedlings with QI - 0.21.

scholarly journals Comparison of morphological and physiological parameters of the planting material of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) from intensive nursery technologies with current bareroot plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Leugner ◽  
A. Jurásek ◽  
J. Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Essential Prerequisite ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
System Volume

High quality of planting material is an essential prerequisite for successful artificial forest regeneration. We carried out a detailed investigation aimed at differences between plantable bareroot and container plants of Norway spruce (<I>Picea abies</I> [L.] Karst.). Based on the results of this experiment, there exist marked differences in basic morphological traits between bareroot plants and plugs. The largest differences were observed in root collar diameter and root system volume. Differences in physiological quality (nutrient content, function of assimilatory organs) were also great. The results document that container seedlings of Norway spruce produced by intensive technology in controlled conditions of plastic greenhouses have very good predispositions for successful growth in difficult mountain conditions.

Influence of dormancy induction treatments on western hemlock seedlings. II. Physiological and morphological response during the first growing season on a reforestation site

1991 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Grossnickle ◽  
J. T. Arnott ◽  
J. E. Major
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dormancy Induction

Western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) seedlings from four dormancy induction treatments (DIT) (i.e., long-day dry, long-day wet, short-day dry, short-day wet) were planted on a coastal reforestation site in British Columbia and monitored for physiological response and morphological development over the first growing season. Seedlings in all DIT showed a similar net photosynthetic, needle conductance, and shoot water potential response to seasonal low temperature, non droughty, and late summer drought conditions. Pressure–volume analysis at the beginning of the growing season (late February) showed short-day wet seedlings to have lower saturated and turgor loss point osmotic potentials than other DIT, while at the end of the growing season (October) there was no osmotic potential difference between DIT. At the end of the growing season, short-day wet seedlings had a much lower maximum modulus of elasticity than other DIT, indicating their shoots were still elongating. Morphological assessment 1 month after field planting showed short-day DIT seedlings had less needle damage and greater root development in response to continuous low temperature exposure. Four months after planting, long-day wet seedlings had the greatest shoot (i.e., height, root collar diameter) and root development in response to mild temperatures and high soil moisture conditions. Eight months after planting, survival was between 95 and 97% for all DIT. Long-day DIT seedlings had the greatest height and all DIT had similar root collar diameter and root development. Short-day DIT seedlings had the best shoot/soil roots ratio. Short-day wet seedlings had the least number of stem units per centimetre of new shoot development throughout the growing season. Results are discussed in reference to stock quality assessment presented in the first paper of this series.

scholarly journals Influence of nutrition and various substrates on spruce seedling growth

2004 ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Djukic ◽  
Danijela Djunisijevic ◽  
Mihailo Grbic ◽  
Dragana Skocajic
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Element Contents ◽  
One Year ◽  
Root Collar

The results of the influence of main macronutrients (N, P, and K) on growth and development of spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) one-year old seedlings are presented. They were grown in containers, in nursery conditions, on four different substrates. There is a good influence on biogenous element contents, height, root collar diameter, needle length and mass, root mass as well as physiological vitality of spruce seedlings. It was observed that the effect of nutrition depends also on the type of substrate.

scholarly journals Survival, Growth and Mycorrhization of Containerised Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies Seedlings of Different Provenances Outplanted in a Forest Clear-Cut

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
Dārta Klaviņa ◽  
Indriķis Muižnieks ◽  
Imants Baumanis ◽  
Jurģis Jansons ◽  
Tālis Gaitnieks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nursery Practices ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract We studied field performance of containerised Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seedlings of different provenances. Shoot height, needle chemical composition, root collar diameter, root mycorrhization and mycorrhizal species composition were evaluated after four growing seasons following outplanting. The results showed that in general spruce had better survival than pine. Ectomycorrhizas on spruce were dominated by Wilcoxina, Amphinema and Tylospora, while on pine — by Suillus and Thelephora species. Spruce and pine showing best growth rates were colonised by ectomycorrhizal fungus Amphinema sp. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that forest nursery practices as well as provenance can significantly impact survival, growth and mycorrhization of the containerised pine and spruce seedlings.

scholarly journals Growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings cultivated under five densities in nursery

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
José Geraldo de Araújo Carneiro ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽  
Luis Maurício da Silva Soares
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Seedlings compete for nutrients, water and light. The available area for each seedling affects their behavior related to requirements for these resources. This experiment evaluated the influence of five plant densities on the growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings in a nursery after outplanting. The analyzed characteristics were: height (H), root collar diameter (D), H/D ratio, and dry matter weight. Higher densities stimulated H growth and the lowest densities increased D average and dry matter weight and lowered the H/D ratio. Seedlings were distributed by H, D and H/D classes. Higher densities had a larger number of seedlings in larger H classes. Larger numbers of seedlings with larger D and lower H/D ratios were found in lower densities. Ten months after outplanting the seedlings grown in lower densities had higher survival percentages and growth. Some saplings of standardized heights were uprooted with the objective of studying their root systems. The lowest densities stimulated higher numbers of first and second order roots as well as fresh and dry matter weights of thin roots with mycorrhizae presence. In both parts of the experiment, the density of 278 seedlings m-2 yielded equivalent averages as compared to the lowest densities.

scholarly journals Estimates of genetic gains for growth traits in young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake

CERNE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Galhardo Godoy ◽  
Sebastião Carlos da Silva Rosado
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dickson Quality Index

The objective of this study was the selection of superior genotypes for growth traits, correlating them to initial height growth in the field, at age eight months. A random block design was used in the nursery, with eight clones, three replicates and four plants per plot. And a random block design was also used in the field, with eight clones, four replicate blocks and nine plants per plot. Data being analyzed in the nursery at age 120 days included: height of field seedling, at age eight months (Hc), height of nursery seedling (Hm), root collar diameter (Dc), shoot diameter (Db), shoot dry matter (PMSPA), root dry matter (PMSR), total dry matter (PMST), ratio of shoot dry matter to root dry matter (PMSPA/PMSR), Dickson quality index of root collar diameter (IQD-Dc), Dickson quality index of shoot diameter (IQD-Db). Analyses of variance showed that significant genetic differences exist among clones for all traits and, given the high heritability values found, the estimated genetic gains were generically very high. As for predicted indirect genetic gain, selection in nursery seedlings for Dc, PMSPA/PMSR, IQD-Dc provided the highest values of indirect gain in field seedling height.

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