In vitro evaluation of fungicide and bioagents against Pythium aphanidermatum

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Ved Ratan ◽  
Gautam Veer Chauhan ◽  
Akash Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Considerable Loss

The sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica Roem) is one of the most popular vegetable. There are a number of diseases like Powdery mildew, Downey mildew, Anthracnose, Fusarium root rot, Cercospora leaf spot, Soft rot and cottony fruit rot, they cause considerable loss to sponge gourd in term of quality and quantity both. During the survey in the year 2015-16, it was found that among all the diseases cottony fruit rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum was a very destructive disease of this important crop. To manage the loss of yield due to this disease twelve fungicide and eight bioagents were evaluate against the pathogen (in-vitro) in biocontrol lab, Deptt. of plant pathology during 2015-16. Among all the tried fungicide, Master, Propioconazole and Tubuconazole were most effective for inhibition of radial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum and it was recorded no growth. In case of bioagents Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma harzianum wear most effective for inhibition of test pathogen and it was 15.33mm and 16.66mm respectively.

Effect of Pythium aphanidermatum (root rot pathogen) on the physiology of Luffa cylindrica (Sponge gourd) and its management by microbial antagonists

2022 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 614-623
Author(s):  
Zamin Shaheed Siddiqui ◽  
Amrina Habib ◽  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Zafar Iqbal Shams
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Sponge Gourd

First Report of Phytophthora Fruit Rot on Bitter Gourd (Mormodica charantia) and Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Caused by Phytophthora capsici

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
Camilo Parada ◽  
Lina Quesada-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Luffa Sponge ◽  
The U.S

Luffa sponge (smooth gourd) and bitter gourds (bitter melon) are specialty vegetables grown in the U.S. on a small scale for select markets. Luffa gourds are also grown for sponges. In Sept. 2014, heavy rainfall resulted in rot of >50% of bitter gourd and >25% on sponge gourd in a field in Charleston, SC. The microbe causing the fruit rot was identified using microscopy and molecular tools. Prior to this study it was not known if this microbe could cause fruit rot of bitter gourd. This knowledge will be useful to suggest management strategies. Accepted for publication 17 March 2015. Published 6 May 2015.

In-vitro bioefficacy of fungal antagonists against root rot of Pea caused by Rhizoctonia solani (Kuhn)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Safdar Kaiser Hasmi ◽  
R. U. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Petri Plate

In-vitro effectiveness of various antagonistic fungi namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma koningii, T. atroviride, and T. harzianum were evaluated against Rhizoctonia solani by dual culture technique on potato dextrose agar. According to the observation recorded after 5 days, all the treatments were found to be superior over control (R. solani), but among all treatments A. niger was found to the most effective antagonist, with highest radial growth inhibition of the pathogen (77.01 percent), followed by A. flavus, T. harzianum and T. koningii i.e., 66.23, 64.42 and 62.20 percent. While as, T. atroviride was found to be the least effective one with minimum growth inhibition i.e., 42.21 percent. Whereas, at the same time control (R. solani) showed 100 percent radial growth and covered the whole Petri Plate within 5 days. All the bio-control agents were significantly effective to inhibit the sclerotia formation and development, except T. atroviride in which formation of sclerotia was recorded, while in all other treatments complete inhibition of sclerotia formation was recorded after 10 days of incubation.

Whole cells of Bacillus subtilis AF 1 proved more effective than cell-free and chitinase-based formulations in biological control of citrus fruit rot and groundnut rust

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 737-744 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Manjula ◽  
G Krishna Kishore ◽  
A R Podile
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms

In foliar and postharvest biocontrol systems, the use of active metabolites produced by antagonistic microorganisms is advantageous compared with the use of living microorganisms. Chitinases, a major group of hydrolytic enzymes produced by biocontrol agents, are involved in the lysis of cell walls of pathogenic fungi. In the present study, an attempt was made to test the partially purified β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) of a biocontrol strain Bacillus subtilis AF 1 for control of rust in groundnut (caused by Puccinia arachidis) and soft rot in lemons (caused by Aspergillus niger). Four proteins of molecular mass 67, 40, 37, and 32 kDa were isolated from the culture filtrates of AF 1 by affinity chromatography, of which the 67-kDa protein has detectable chitinolytic ability. This protein (NAGase) effectively inhibited the in vitro growth of A. niger in microtitre plates. In the presence of NAGase, germination of urediniospores of P. arachidis was reduced by 96% compared with the control. In a detached leaf bioassay, NAGase reduced the rust lesion frequency by >60%. NAGase significantly reduced the incidence of soft rot in harvested lemon fruits. However, fresh cells and (or) alginate formulation of AF 1 were more effective than NAGase in control of both of the test plant – pathogen systems.Key words: chitinase, peanut rust, lemon fruit rot, biocontrol.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of growth regulators on in vitro regeneration of ridge gourd and sponge gourd through shoot

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
E Nahar ◽  
ME Haque ◽  
B Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Luffa Acutangula

Context: Luffa cylindrica and Luffa acutangula are highly cross pollinated crops and propagated mainly by seeds. Genetic stability cannot be maintained easily by seed propagation. It can be maintain by developing special vegetative technique through tissue culture.   Objectives: To compare the effects of growth regulators between two species of Luffa using shoot tips for develop the rapid, simple and efficient in vitro regeneration protocol.   Materials and Methods: Shoot tips used were collected from in vivo grown plants. They were excised from plants and surface sterilized by HgCl2 treatment. The isolated tips were cultured on semisolid MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of different growth regulators.   Results: The highest result of direct shoot multiplication of ridge gourd was observed using 2 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l GA and in case of sponge gourd it was 1.5 mg/l BAP. For callus induction significant result was found using 4 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA in ridge gourd and 3 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA in sponge gourd. Indirect regeneration was performed by subculturing organogenic callus of sponge gourd on MS with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l GA3 and the callus of ridged gourd on MS + 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.2 mg/l NAA + 0.2 mg/l nicotinic acid. Regenerated shoots of both species were rooted well on MS containing NAA at low concentration.   Conclusion: Hormonal differences and simple rapid in vitro regeneration protocol of L. cylindrica and L. acutangula have been established.   Keywords: Growth regulators; in vitro regeneration; ridge gourd; sponge gourd. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8781 JBS 2010; 18(0): 88-93

scholarly journals In-Vitro Efficacy of Fungicides and Bioagents for the Management of Soft Rot of Ginger Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 3007-3015
Author(s):  
J. Chaithra ◽  
Sunil kulkarni ◽  
Gururaj Sunkad ◽  
Y. S. Amresh ◽  
Shekhar Patil
Keyword(s):  
Soft Rot ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum

scholarly journals Cellulase Activity as a Mechanism for Suppression of Phytophthora Root Rot in Mulches

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brantlee Spakes Richter ◽  
Kelly Ivors ◽  
Wei Shi ◽  
D. M. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Cellulase Activity ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Standard Curve

Wood-based mulches are used in avocado production and are being tested on Fraser fir for reduction of Phytophthora root rot, caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Research with avocado has suggested a role of microbial cellulase enzymes in pathogen suppression through effects on the cellulosic cell walls of Phytophthora. This work was conducted to determine whether cellulase activity could account for disease suppression in mulch systems. A standard curve was developed to correlate cellulase activity in mulches with concentrations of a cellulase product. Based on this curve, cellulase activity in mulch samples was equivalent to a cellulase enzyme concentration of 25 U ml–1 or greater of product. Sustained exposure of P. cinnamomi to cellulase at 10 to 50 U ml–1 significantly reduced sporangia production, but biomass was only reduced with concentrations over 100 U ml–1. In a lupine bioassay, cellulase was applied to infested soil at 100 or 1,000 U ml–1 with three timings. Cellulase activity diminished by 47% between 1 and 15 days after application. Cellulase applied at 100 U ml–1 2 weeks before planting yielded activity of 20.08 μmol glucose equivalents per gram of soil water (GE g–1 aq) at planting, a level equivalent to mulch samples. Cellulase activity at planting ranged from 3.35 to 48.67 μmol GE g–1 aq, but no treatment significantly affected disease progress. Based on in vitro assays, cellulase activity in mulch was sufficient to impair sporangia production of P. cinnamomi, but not always sufficient to impact vegetative biomass.

scholarly journals Bacillus megaterium-Mediated Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Antifungal Activity against Rhizoctonia solani in Faba Bean Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Amr H. Hashem ◽  
Amer M. Abdelaziz ◽  
Ahmed A. Askar ◽  
Hossam M. Fouda ◽  
Ahmed M. A. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Rhizoctonia root-rot disease causes severe economic losses in a wide range of crops, including Vicia faba worldwide. Currently, biosynthesized nanoparticles have become super-growth promoters as well as antifungal agents. In this study, biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been examined as growth promoters as well as antifungal agents against Rhizoctonia solani RCMB 031001 in vitro and in vivo. Se-NPs were synthesized biologically by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 55000 and characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. TEM and DLS images showed that Se-NPs are mono-dispersed spheres with a mean diameter of 41.2 nm. Se-NPs improved healthy Vicia faba cv. Giza 716 seed germination, morphological, metabolic indicators, and yield. Furthermore, Se-NPs exhibited influential antifungal activity against R. solani in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibition and minimum fungicidal concentrations of Se-NPs were 0.0625 and 1 mM, respectively. Moreover, Se-NPs were able to decrease the pre-and post-emergence of R. solani damping-off and minimize the severity of root rot disease. The most effective treatment method is found when soaking and spraying were used with each other followed by spraying and then soaking individually. Likewise, Se-NPs improve morphological and metabolic indicators and yield significantly compared with infected control. In conclusion, biosynthesized Se-NPs by B. megaterium ATCC 55000 are a promising and effective agent against R. solani damping-off and root rot diseases in Vicia faba as well as plant growth inducer.

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