First Report of Phytophthora Fruit Rot on Bitter Gourd (Mormodica charantia) and Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Caused by Phytophthora capsici

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
Camilo Parada ◽  
Lina Quesada-Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Luffa Sponge ◽  
The U.S

Luffa sponge (smooth gourd) and bitter gourds (bitter melon) are specialty vegetables grown in the U.S. on a small scale for select markets. Luffa gourds are also grown for sponges. In Sept. 2014, heavy rainfall resulted in rot of >50% of bitter gourd and >25% on sponge gourd in a field in Charleston, SC. The microbe causing the fruit rot was identified using microscopy and molecular tools. Prior to this study it was not known if this microbe could cause fruit rot of bitter gourd. This knowledge will be useful to suggest management strategies. Accepted for publication 17 March 2015. Published 6 May 2015.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cucurbita pepo Accessions for Crown Rot Resistance to Isolates of Phytophthora capsici

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1996-1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les D. Padley ◽  
Eileen A. Kabelka ◽  
Pamela D. Roberts ◽  
Ronald French
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
Select Group

Phytophthora capsici causes several disease syndromes on Cucurbita pepo L. (squash, pumpkin, and gourd), including crown rot, foliar blight, and fruit rot, which can lead up to 100% crop loss. Currently, there are no C. pepo cultivars resistant or tolerant to this pathogen, which can aid in disease management strategies. The objective of this study was to evaluate a select group of C. pepo accessions for resistance to the crown rot syndrome of P. capsici. One hundred fifteen C. pepo accessions, from 24 countries, were evaluated for their disease response to inoculation with a suspension of three highly virulent P. capsici isolates from Florida. Replications of each accession, including susceptible controls, were planted in the greenhouse using a randomized complete block design. At the second to third true leaf stage, each seedling was inoculated at their crown with a 5-mL P. capsici suspension of 2 × 104 zoospores/mL. Fourteen days after inoculation, the plants were visually rated on a scale ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (plant death). Mean disease rating scores (DRS) and sds were calculated for each accession and ranged from 1.3 to 5.0 and 0 to 2.0, respectively. Eight accessions with the lowest mean DRS were rescreened. Results paralleled those of the initial study with one accession, PI 181761, exhibiting the lowest mean DRS at 0.5. Further screening and selection of accessions from the C. pepo germplasm collection should aid in the development of breeding lines and cultivars with resistance to crown rot caused by P. capsici.

In vitro evaluation of fungicide and bioagents against Pythium aphanidermatum

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Ved Ratan ◽  
Gautam Veer Chauhan ◽  
Akash Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Pythium Aphanidermatum ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Trichoderma Koningii ◽  
Sponge Gourd ◽  
Considerable Loss

The sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica Roem) is one of the most popular vegetable. There are a number of diseases like Powdery mildew, Downey mildew, Anthracnose, Fusarium root rot, Cercospora leaf spot, Soft rot and cottony fruit rot, they cause considerable loss to sponge gourd in term of quality and quantity both. During the survey in the year 2015-16, it was found that among all the diseases cottony fruit rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum was a very destructive disease of this important crop. To manage the loss of yield due to this disease twelve fungicide and eight bioagents were evaluate against the pathogen (in-vitro) in biocontrol lab, Deptt. of plant pathology during 2015-16. Among all the tried fungicide, Master, Propioconazole and Tubuconazole were most effective for inhibition of radial growth of Pythium aphanidermatum and it was recorded no growth. In case of bioagents Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma harzianum wear most effective for inhibition of test pathogen and it was 15.33mm and 16.66mm respectively.

scholarly journals First Report of Stagonosporiopsis cucurbitacearum Causing Fruit Rot of Luffa cylindrica in Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1120-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Silva ◽  
N. M. Freitas ◽  
H. L. Mendonça ◽  
R. W. Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Nucleotide Homology ◽  
Plastic Bags

Luffa cylindrica (Cucurbitaceae) is an Asian vine widely known as the source of loofah (4). In Brazil (local name bucha), it is cultivated by small scale producers as a cash crop. In January 2012, samples of fruits were collected in three areas in the municipality of Cipotânea, state of Minas Gerais (Brazil) bearing rot symptoms. These had large necrotic areas with a grayish epidermis and slightly sunken tissue. Internally, the fibrous parts were necrosed, darkened, and unmarketable. Isolations by surface sterilization of necrotic tissue with 10% bleach and plating onto potato dextrose agar yielded colonies with consistent morphology. A representative culture was deposited in the culture collection of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) as COAD1119. Inoculations of seven healthy-appearing L. cylindrica fruits were performed with culture disks obtained from 4-day-old cultures grown on PDA, which were placed onto two points on the epidermis of each of seven fruits. Each point was either intact or previously injured with a sterile needle. Controls consisted of two fruits treated equally but with tap water agar disks in place of fungal inoculum. Fruits were then placed on trays with water-soaked cotton and the trays were wrapped in plastic bags and left over a bench at room temperature for 2 days. The plastic bags were then removed. After 5 days, necrosis was evident and fungal fruit bodies appeared at points with injury. No symptoms appeared on controls. Isolation from diseased tissue yielded colonies identical to those of the inoculated fungus. A dried sample was deposited in the local herbarium at UFV (VIC 32053). Slides were mounted in lactophenol and observed. The fungus had subepidermal perithecia, globose to subglobose, from 75.5 to 134 μm diam.; asci bitunicate, cylindrical, 8-spored; pseudoparaphyses filiform; ascospores fusoid to ellipsoidal, from 26 to 45 μm long and 8 to 11.5 μm wide, one septate, and hyaline. This morphology is consistent with Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum (syn. Didymella bryoniae) (3), a broad spectrum pathogen of cucurbits. Genomic DNA was extracted from the isolate growing in pure culture and ITS and LSU sequences were generated and deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers KC582022 and KC582021, respectively. Sequences were compared in BLASTn with other entries in GenBank, and the closest match for each region were S. cucurbitacearum strain CAP14C and D. bryoniae strain CBS 133.96 (JQ936326 and GU456335) with 100% of nucleotide homology for ITS and 100% of nucleotide homology for LSU. Cercospora citrullina and C. cucurbitae have been reported in Brazil on L. cylindrica and mistakenly indicated as synonyms of D. bryoniae (2). To our knowledge, this is the first valid report of S. cucurbitacearum causing fruit rot of loofah in Brazil and the first time pathogenicity to this host has been demonstrated. Losses due to the disease on the crop were reported to be high by growers and management to be difficult since there are no fungicides registered for this crop in Brazil. References: (1) M. M. Aveskamp et al. Stud. Mycol 65:1, 2010. (2) M. A. S. Mendes and A. F. Urben. Fungos em Plantas no Brasil. Brasília, Brazil: EMBRAPA-SPI. Retrieved from http://pragawall.cenargen.embrapa.br/aiqweb/michtml/micbanco01a.asp , 2012. (3) E. Puithalingam and P. Holliday. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria 332:1, 1972. (4) J. W. Purseglove. Tropical Crops – Dicotyledons. Longman Group, London, 1968.

Retrospective on the 1970’s “Low Cost Shore Protection” program

Shore & Beach ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Joan Pope
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Coastal Engineering ◽  
Shoreline Erosion ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Demonstration Program ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The U.S

In the 1970s, the U.S. Congress authorized and funded a five-year demonstration program on low-cost methods for shore protection called the “U.S. Army Engineers Shoreline Erosion Control Demonstration (Section 54) Program.” The Section 54 also known as the “Low-Cost Shore Protection” demonstration program is revisited. Demonstration and monitoring sites including the materials, devices, vegetative plantings, approaches tested, and program findings are discussed. Simply put, a major finding of the Section 54 program was that the concept of “low-cost shore protection” was a bit naïve. However, the program did lead to a wealth of public information documents and practical coastal engineering lessons that are still resonating as home owners, communities, and engineers consider alternative approaches for managing coastal erosion. The program structure and findings are applicable 40 years later as consideration is given toward the use of Natural and Nature-based Features (NNBF) for addressing coastal erosion. Evolution in thought relative to coastal erosion and shoreline enhancement activities since the 1970s has built upon many of the lessons and concepts of the Section 54 program and other real-world coastal erosion management success-failure experiences. This growth has led to a modern appreciation that those features that emulate NNBF are promising and responsible alternative coastal erosion management strategies if proper engineering standard elements of design are included in the project.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Combining Global and Local Data—A Showcase for Valuation and Mapping of Mangrove Climate Regulation and Food Provisioning Services within a Protected Area in Pará, North Brazil

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Robin Gutting ◽  
Ralf-Uwe Syrbe ◽  
Karsten Grunewald ◽  
Ulf Mehlig ◽  
Véronique Helfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Food Provisioning ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
North Brazil ◽  
Species Specific

Mangrove forests provide a large variety of ecosystem services (ES) to coastal societies. Using a case study focusing on the Ajuruteua peninsula in Northern Brazil and two ES, food provisioning (ES1) and global climate regulation (ES2), this paper proposes a new framework for quantifying and valuing mangrove ES and allow for their small-scale mapping. We modelled and spatialised the two ES from different perspectives, the demand (ES1) and the supply (ES2) side respectively. This was performed by combining worldwide databases related to the global human population (ES1) or mangrove distribution and canopy height (ES2) with locally derived parameters, such as crab catches (ES1) or species-specific allometric equations based on local estimates of tree structural parameters (ES2). Based on this approach, we could estimate that the area delivers the basic nutrition of about 1400 households, which equals 2.7 million USD, and that the mangrove biomass in the area contains 2.1 million Mg C, amounting to 50.9 million USD, if it were paid as certificates. In addition to those figures, we provide high-resolution maps showing which areas are more valuable for the two respective ES, information that could help inform management strategies in the future.

scholarly journals Development of fast and high-efficiency sponge-gourd fibers (Luffa cylindrica)/hydroxyapatite composites for removal of lead and methylene blue

2021 ◽  
pp. 103281
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Oun ◽  
Kholod H. Kamal ◽  
Khaled Farroh ◽  
Esmat F. Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Sponge Gourd

scholarly journals High-Quality Genome Resource of the Pathogen of Diaporthe (Phomopsis) phragmitis Causing Kiwifruit Soft Rot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Liu ◽  
Wang Xiaojie ◽  
Dong Hongjie ◽  
Jianbin Lan ◽  
Kuan Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
High Quality Genome

Diaporthe spp. are critical plant pathogens that cause wood cankers, wilt, dieback, and fruit rot in a wide variety of economic plant hosts and are regarded as one of the most acute threats faced by kiwifruit industry worldwide. Diaporthe phragmitis strain NJD1 is a highly pathogenic isolate of soft rot of kiwifruit. Here, we present a high-quality genome-wide sequence of D. phragmitis NJD1 that was assembled into 28 contigs containing a total size of 58.33 Mb and N50 length of 3.55 Mb. These results lay a solid foundation for understanding host–pathogen interaction and improving disease management strategies.

scholarly journals How Effective Are Existing Phosphorus Management Strategies in Mitigating Surface Water Quality Problems in the U.S.?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6565
Author(s):  
Shama E. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The U.S

Phosphorus is an essential component of modern agriculture. Long-term land application of phosphorous-enriched fertilizers and animal manure leads to phosphorus accumulation in soil that may become susceptible to mobilization via erosion, surface runoff and subsurface leaching. Globally, highly water-soluble phosphorus fertilizers used in agriculture have contributed to eutrophication and hypoxia in surface waters. This paper provides an overview of the literature relevant to the advances in phosphorous management strategies and surface water quality problems in the U.S. Over the past several decades, significant advances have been made to control phosphorus discharge into surface water bodies of the U.S. However, the current use of phosphorus remains inefficient at various stages of its life cycle, and phosphorus continues to remain a widespread problem in many water bodies, including the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Erie. In particular, the Midwestern Corn Belt region of the U.S. is a hotspot of phosphorous fertilization that has resulted in a net positive soil phosphorous balance. The runoff of phosphorous has resulted in dense blooms of toxic, odor-causing phytoplankton that deteriorate water quality. In the past, considerable attention was focused on improving the water quality of freshwater bodies and estuaries by reducing inputs of phosphorus alone. However, new research suggests that strategies controlling the two main nutrients, phosphorus and nitrogen, are more effective in the management of eutrophication. There is no specific solution to solving phosphorus pollution of water resources; however, sustainable management of phosphorus requires an integrated approach combining at least a reduction in consumption levels, source management, more specific regime-based nutrient criteria, routine soil fertility evaluation and recommendations, transport management, as well as the development of extensive phosphorus recovery and recycling programs.

scholarly journals Coping with abrupt environmental change: the impact of the coastal El Niño 2017 on artisanal fisheries and mariculture in North Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Clara Kluger ◽  
Sophia Kochalski ◽  
Arturo Aguirre-Velarde ◽  
Ivonne Vivar ◽  
Matthias Wolff
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coastal El Niño

Abstract In February and March 2017, a coastal El Niño caused extraordinary heavy rains and a rise in water temperatures along the coast of northern Peru. In this work, we document the impacts of this phenomenon on the artisanal fisheries and the scallop aquaculture sector, both of which represent important socio-economic activities for the province of Sechura. Despite the perceived absence of effective disaster management and rehabilitation policies, resource users opted for a wide range of different adaptation strategies and are currently striving towards recovery. One year after the event, the artisanal fisheries fleet has returned to operating almost on a normal scale, while the aquaculture sector is still drastically impacted, with many people continuing to work in different economic sectors and even in other regions of the country. Recovery of the social-ecological system of Sechura likely depends on the occurrence of scallop seed and the financial capacity of small-scale producers to reinitiate scallop cultures. Long-term consequences of this coastal El Niño are yet to be studied, though the need to develop trans-local and trans-sectoral management strategies for coping with disturbance events of this scale is emphasized.

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