CALCULATION OF THE ITBUS BUS BANDWIDTH AT THE PHYSICAL LEVEL

With the increase in the popularity of cloud computing and big data applications, the amount of sensitive data transmitted through optical networks has increased dramatically. Furthermore, optical transmission systems face various security risks at the physical level. We propose a novel key distribution scheme based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements to extract the fingerprint of the fiber channel and improve the physical level of security. The SNR varies with time because the fiber channel is affected by many physical characteristics, such as dispersion, polarization, scattering, and amplifier noise. The extracted SNR of the optical fiber channel can be used as the basis of key generation. Alice and Bob can obtain channel characteristics by measuring the SNR of the optical fiber channel and generate the consistent key by quantization coding. The security and consistency of the key are guaranteed by the randomness and reciprocity of the channel. The simulation results show that the key generation rate (KGR) can reach 25 kbps, the key consistency rate (KCR) can reach 98% after key post-processing, and the error probability of Eve’s key is ~50%. In the proposed scheme, the equipment used is simple and compatible with existing optic fiber links.

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WIDE: Physical-Level CTC via Digital Emulation

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking ◽

10.1109/tnet.2021.3071782 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Yuan He ◽

Xiuzhen Guo ◽

Jia Zhang ◽

Haotian Jiang

Keyword(s):

Physical Level

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Convective Heat/Mass Transfer Analysis on Johnson-Segalman Fluid in a Symmetric Curved Channel with Peristalsis: Engineering Applications

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym12091475 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 1475

Author(s):

Humaira Yasmin ◽

Naveed Iqbal ◽

Aiesha Hussain

Keyword(s):

Newtonian Fluid ◽

Peristaltic Flow ◽

Weissenberg Number ◽

Concentration Profiles ◽

Convective Conditions ◽

Curved Channel ◽

Regular Perturbation ◽

Flexible Walls ◽

Physical Level ◽

Parameter Values

The peristaltic flow of Johnson–Segalman fluid in a symmetric curved channel with convective conditions and flexible walls is addressed in this article. The channel walls are considered to be compliant. The main objective of this article is to discuss the effects of curvilinear of the channel and heat/mass convection through boundary conditions. The constitutive equations for Johnson–Segalman fluid are modeled and analyzed under lubrication approach. The stream function, temperature, and concentration profiles are derived. The analytical solutions are obtained by using regular perturbation method for significant number, named as Weissenberg number. The influence of the parameter values on the physical level of interest is outlined and discussed. Comparison is made between Jhonson-Segalman and Newtonian fluid. It is concluded that the axial velocity of Jhonson-Segalman fluid is substantially higher than that of Newtonian fluid.

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«The Right Thing» and «The Wrong Thing» as a Result of Discerning Signals

Известия Байкальского государственного университета ◽

10.17150/2500-2759.2020.30(2).161-173 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 161-173

Author(s):

Tatiana Muzychuk ◽

Igor Anokhov

Keyword(s):

External Noise ◽

Wrong Thing ◽

Physical Level ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right

The article is dedicated to studying the process of information perception by an individual. A hypothesis is suggested that the environment that surrounds an individual is full of different signals, which have natural, social or technogenic origin. Separate signals can turn into information, if the recipient is able of discerning these signals and perceives them on the physical, intellectual, emotional and axiological levels of information perception. Whereas the complex of signals which are indiscernible for an individual are external noise. The authors state that interpretation of a signal by individuals begins on the physical level of perception which is necessary to synchronize their activity with that of the source of the signal. After that the individual has to move to the axiological level of information perception in order to coordinate the notions and meanings with the source of the signal. Furthermore, the authors substantiate the possibility of revealing two components in the structure of the discerned signal: «The Right Thing» and «The Wrong Thing» as an inherent beginning of any process of perceiving the outside world by an individual. The suggested hypothesis is illustrated in the article by the example of two kinds of information message: a painting by A. Deyneka and a poem by A. Blok which are studied in terms of the proposed hypothesis about the existence of levels of information perception and the possibility of discerning two basic elements in them: «The Right Thing» and «The Wrong Thing». The results of the research can be applied to improve the process of communicating and perceiving information.

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‘What the hell are you looking at me like that for?’

The Thing ◽

10.3828/liverpool/9781906733773.003.0005 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 45-60

Author(s):

Jez Conolly

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

Intended Audience ◽

Physical Level ◽

The Way

This chapter discusses the significance of camera angles, and how this affects the way the story is received by the audience. It discusses how the camera, under the control of a filmmaker, can be put to use as the 'eyes' of the intended audience. It cites that the subjective point-of-view (POV) shot has been put to potent use in horror cinema many times, and how this is able to heighten the suspense. It describes how the different camera angles employed in The Thing allows the audience to witness the story from the point-of-view of different characters in the film. It also talks about how framing affects the way the audience is invited to view a character. It compares The Thing to The Shining and how the two films also offer their own interpretation on the concept of 'alienation': The Shining on a psychofamilial and spiritual/supernatural level, and The Thing on a psychosocial and actual physical level. The chapter also discusses the film's soundeffects and soundtrack and how these have added an extra visceral edge through the vocal range of the characters, both human and Thing.

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Multi-Dimensional Data Communication Protocols for the Physical Level of the Internet of Things Based on 5G Communication

2020 International Conference on Inventive Computation Technologies (ICICT) ◽

10.1109/icict48043.2020.9112399 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yingling Mao

Keyword(s):

Internet Of Things ◽

Communication Protocols ◽

Data Communication ◽

The Internet ◽

Physical Level ◽

5G Communication ◽

The Internet Of Things

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A/D Conversion Applications

Multirate Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-930708-30-3.ch005 ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 143-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Godi Fischer

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Data Conversion ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Delta Sigma ◽

Physical Level ◽

Delta Sigma Modulation ◽

The Way

We begin our excursion into the field of data conversion by reviewing the most frequently applied conversion principles. The next section explains the fundamentals of delta-sigma modulation. This paves the way for the section which provides a case study of a delta-sigma based high-resolution ADC system intended for a sonar application. This design example not only illustrates the various trade-offs on the architectural level but also addresses practical implementation issues on the physical level. Finally, the last section summarizes our findings and contains some concluding remarks.

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Decision Outcomes in Sport: Influence of Type and Level of Stress

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.2020-0051 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Teri J. Hepler ◽

Matt Andre

Keyword(s):

Color Word ◽

Mental Arithmetic ◽

Physical Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Decision Quality ◽

Decision Outcomes ◽

Word Task ◽

Physical Level ◽

Decision Speed ◽

Moderate Stress

In two experiments, the authors investigated the influence of stress type (i.e., low/no stress, mental, and physical), level (i.e., low, moderate, and high), and Type × Level interaction on intuitive decision frequency, decision quality, and decision speed. Participants were exposed to mental (i.e., color word task, mental arithmetic) and/or physical stress (i.e., running) and then required to make decisions regarding videotaped offensive situations in basketball. Intuitive decision frequency, decision quality, and decision speed were measured for each trial. Study 1 used a between-subjects design whereby 20 participants were randomly assigned to each of the five stress conditions. Results revealed that moderate stress was associated with faster decisions. Study 2 replicated the design and aim of Study 1 using a within-subject methodology (n = 42). Results suggested that moderate stress levels produced better, faster decisions. In conclusion, moderate levels of stress were associated with the most desirable decision outcomes.

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