scholarly journals TIE LINE POWER CONTROL USING GENETIC ALGORITHMBASED LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL CONTROLLERFOR ATHREE AREA INTERCONNECTED SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
V. Dasaratha Ramudu ◽  
Dr. B.S Umre ◽  
G. Sruthi
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Tie Line

scholarly journals Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Gupta ◽  
Amitkumar V. Jha ◽  
Bhargav Appasani ◽  
Avireni Srinivasulu ◽  
Nicu Bizon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Frequency Deviation ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Tie Line

The automatic load frequency control for multi-area power systems has been a challenging task for power system engineers. The complexity of this task further increases with the incorporation of multiple sources of power generation. For multi-source power system, this paper presents a new heuristic-based hybrid optimization technique to achieve the objective of automatic load frequency control. In particular, the proposed optimization technique regulates the frequency deviation and the tie-line power in multi-source power system. The proposed optimization technique uses the main features of three different optimization techniques, namely, the Firefly Algorithm (FA), the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The proposed algorithm was used to tune the parameters of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to achieve the automatic load frequency control of the multi-source power system. The integral time absolute error was used as the objective function. Moreover, the controller was also tuned to ensure that the tie-line power and the frequency of the multi-source power system were within the acceptable limits. A two-area power system was designed using MATLAB-Simulink tool, consisting of three types of power sources, viz., thermal power plant, hydro power plant, and gas-turbine power plant. The overall efficacy of the proposed algorithm was tested for two different case studies. In the first case study, both the areas were subjected to a load increment of 0.01 p.u. In the second case, the two areas were subjected to different load increments of 0.03 p.u and 0.02 p.u, respectively. Furthermore, the settling time and the peak overshoot were considered to measure the effect on the frequency deviation and on the tie-line response. For the first case study, the settling times for the frequency deviation in area-1, the frequency deviation in area-2, and the tie-line power flow were 8.5 s, 5.5 s, and 3.0 s, respectively. In comparison, these values were 8.7 s, 6.1 s, and 5.5 s, using PSO; 8.7 s, 7.2 s, and 6.5 s, using FA; and 9.0 s, 8.0 s, and 11.0 s using GSA. Similarly, for case study II, these values were: 5.5 s, 5.6 s, and 5.1 s, using the proposed algorithm; 6.2 s, 6.3 s, and 5.3 s, using PSO; 7.0 s, 6.5 s, and 10.0 s, using FA; and 8.5 s, 7.5 s, and 12.0 s, using GSA. Thus, the proposed algorithm performed better than the other techniques.

scholarly journals Load Frequency Control of Photovoltaic-Gasifier for Interconnected Two-Area Power Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2101-2105
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Pid Control ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Tie Line

Load frequency control (LFC) in interconnected power system of small distribution generation (DG) for reliability in distribution system. The main objective is to performance evaluation load frequency control of hybrid for interconnected two-area power systems. The simulation consist of solar farm 10 MW and gasifier plant 300 kW two-area in tie line. This impact LFC can be address as a problem on how to effectively utilize the total tie-line power flow at small DG. To performance evaluation and improve that defect of LFC, the power flow of two-areas LFC system have been carefully studied, such that, the power flow and power stability is partially LFC of small DG of hybrid for interconnected two-areas power systems. Namely, the controller and structural properties of the multi-areas LFC system are similar to the properties of hybrid for interconnected two-area LFC system. Inspired by the above properties, the controller that is propose to design some proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control laws for the two-areas LFC system successfully works out the aforementioned problem. The power system of renewable of solar farm and gasifier plant in interconnected distribution power system of area in tie – line have simulation parameter by PID controller. Simulation results showed that 3 types of the controller have deviation frequency about 0.025 Hz when tie-line load changed 1 MW and large disturbance respectively. From interconnected power system the steady state time respond is 5.2 seconds for non-controller system, 4.3 seconds for automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and 1.4 seconds for under controlled system at 0.01 per unit (p.u.) with PID controller. Therefore, the PID control has the better efficiency non-controller 28 % and AVR 15 %. The result of simulation in research to be interconnected distribution power system substation of area in tie - line control for little generate storage for grid connected at better efficiency and optimization of renewable for hybrid. It can be conclude that this study can use for applying to the distribution power system to increase efficiency and power system stability of area in tie – line.

Dynamic Tuning of the Controller Parameters in a Two-Area Multi-Source Power System for Optimal Load Frequency Control Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
Peter Anuoluwapo Gbadega ◽  
Akshay Kumar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Dynamic Tuning ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Tie Line

Frequency control is becoming increasingly critical today due to the growing size and changing structure of complex interconnected power networks. Scaling up economic pressures for efficiency and reliability of the power system has necessitated a requirement for maintaining system frequency, and tie-line power flows as close as possible to scheduled values. High-frequency deviations may degrade load performance, damage equipment, resulting in overloading of transmission lines, which may interfere with system protection schemes, and, finally, may also result in an unstable condition of the power system. More so, Load Frequency Control ( LFC) plays a vital role in the modern power system as an auxiliary service to support power exchanges and, at the same time, to provide better conditions for the trading of electricity. Therefore, the tuning of the dynamic controller (i.e., net frequency and net power interchange errors) is a significant factor in achieving optimum LFC performance. Appropriate tuning of the controller parameters is required in order to achieve excellent control action. In view of this, this paper introduces the dynamic tuning of controller parameters in a two-area multi-source power system with an AC-DC parallel tie line for optimum load-frequency control performance. Matlab/Simulink software is used to realize the system simulation. System dynamic performance is observed for conventional PID tuning by the Ziegler Nichols method and the Kitamori method, fuzzy logic controllers, fuzzy-logic PID controllers, fuzzy PID controllers, and polar-Fuzzy controllers. Furthermore, the frequency and tie-line power response of the interconnected areas were compared based on the setting-time, peak-overshoot, and peak-undershoot. The simulation results show that the responses of the fuzzy-based controllers are faster than those of the classical controllers, resulting in minimized frequency and tie-line power deviations.

scholarly journals Genetic algorithm tuned IP controller for Load Frequency Control of interconnected power systems with HVDC links

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Selvakumaran ◽  
V. Rajasekaran ◽  
R. Karthigaivel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Line System ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Interconnected Power Systems ◽  
Tie Line

Abstract A new design of decentralized Load Frequency Controller for interconnected thermal non-reheat power systems with AC-DC parallel tie-lines based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) tuned Integral and Proportional (IP) controller is proposed in this paper. A HVDC link is connected in parallel with an existing AC tie-line to stabilize the frequency oscillations of the AC tie-line system. Any optimum controller selected for load frequency control of interconnected power systems should not only stabilize the power system but also reduce the system frequency and tie line power oscillations and settling time of the output responses. In practice Load Frequency Control (LFC) systems use simple Proportional Integral (PI) or Integral (I) controller. The controller parameters are usually tuned based on classical or trial-and-error approaches. But they are incapable of obtaining good dynamic performance for various load change scenarios in multi-area power system. For this reason, in this paper GA tuned IP controller is used. A two area interconnected thermal non-reheat power system is considered to demonstrate the validity of the proposed controller. The simulation results show that the proposed controller provides better dynamic responses with minimal frequency and tie-line power deviations, quick settling time and guarantees closed-loop stability margin.

scholarly journals Coordinated SMES and TCSC Damping Controller for Load Frequency Control of Multi Area Power System with Diverse Sources

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-769
Author(s):  
CH. Naga Sai Kalyan ◽  
◽  
G. Sambasiva Rao ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Magnetic Energy ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Energy Storage ◽  
Tie Line

This paper investigates the load frequency analysis (LFC) of two area interconnected realistic power system with multi-fuel generating units. Each area consists of thermal, hydro and gas power generating plants. A new evolutionary algorithm is proposed, named Hybrid artificial electric field (HAEFA) optimization algorithm and integral square error (ISE) performance index is utilized to find classical PI/PID controller gains. Later, total analysis is carried out in presence of PID an account of its superiority functioning rather than PI. Moreover, the efficacy of the presented algorithm is deliberated by testing on two area conventional power system model of thermal unit with structure of non-reheat turbines and also on sphere benchmark function. As the load variation is dynamic in nature, mitigating the area frequency fluctuations and tie-line power variations could not been fulfilled by primary regulator and secondary controller. Effective governing needs additional devices. Therefore, superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) devices are incorporated in both areas in addition to Thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) is connected in tie-line. Results, shows the system performance has been significantly improved with SMES and TCSC in the presence of HAEFA based PID controller. The potency of the HAEFA algorithm is compared with other optimizations covered in literature.

scholarly journals ANN based LFC with Coordination strategies of DERs in Hybrid Isolated Micro-Grid Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01036
Author(s):  
Srikanth Boyini ◽  
Srividya Devi Palakaluri ◽  
Rekha Mudundi
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Power Injection ◽  
Micro Grid

This paper provides a load frequency control (LFC) of a micro grid with renewable energy resources (RES). The operation of micro grid with a low inertia system leds to disturbances in power system. The disturbances in frequency is more in micro grid than conventional power system. So there should be a fast recovery of changes in frequency with existing system and interconnected system (RES). Active power injection is the main scheme to control frequency of a system. The matlab simulink tells us that different active power injection system contribute for the fast control of grid frequency with PID controller. The use of ANN technology to this system the load frequency control can be illustrated in faster rate of its recovery. An ANN controller is investigated which handles the inputs collectively in each sector of the power system. Back-transmission time is normally used in the study for neural network education. The performance of the power system is simulated independently with a typically integrated conventional controller and ANN controller. A complete spectrum of small signals is introduced for RESs in the isolated microgrid and a correct role in frequency control studies is taken into account.

Load Frequency Control in Power System via Improving PID Controller Based on Particle Swarm Optimization and ANFIS Techniques

2015 ◽  
pp. 462-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa K. Bahgaat ◽  
M. I. El-Sayed ◽  
M. A. Moustafa Hassan ◽  
F. A. Bendary
Keyword(s):  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Power System ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
System Frequency ◽  
Tie Line

The main objective of Load Frequency Control (LFC) is to regulate the power output of the electric generator within an area in response to changes in system frequency and tie-line loading. Thus the LFC helps in maintaining the scheduled system frequency and tie-line power interchange with the other areas within the prescribed limits. Most LFCs are primarily composed of an integral controller. The integrator gain is set to a level that compromises between fast transient recovery and low overshoot in the dynamic response of the overall system. This type of controller is slow and does not allow the controller designer to take into account possible changes in operating conditions and non-linearities in the generator unit. Moreover, it lacks robustness. This paper studies LFC in two areas power system using PID controller. In this paper, PID parameters are tuned using different tuning techniques. The overshoots and settling times with the proposed controllers are better than the outputs of the conventional PID controllers. This paper uses MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Simulations are done by using the same PID parameters for the two different areas because it gives a better performance for the system frequency response than the case of using two different sets of PID parameters for the two areas. The used methods in this paper are: a) Particle Swarm Optimization, b) Adaptive Weight Particle Swarm Optimization, c) Adaptive Acceleration Coefficients based PSO (AACPSO) and d) Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The comparison has been carried out for these different controllers for two areas power system. Therefore, the article presents advanced techniques for Load Frequency Control. These proposed techniques are based on Artificial Intelligence. It gives promising results.

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