scholarly journals Analysis of Footwear Slip Resistance Property in Floor Tiles

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Durairaj Dhanapal ◽  
Bahiru Melese ◽  
Liya Shawel ◽  
Girum Mesfin
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Property ◽  
Slip Resistance ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Safety Features

Choosing slip-resistant footwear from the whole host of products on the market can be difficult. Sole descriptions are varied, from improving the grip performance to excellent multi-directional slip-resistance. Often, footwear is just described as „slip-resistant‟ and the brochure do not describe the conditions for which the footwear is most suitable. Footwear selection has to take account of several factors in addition to slip resistance, such as comfort, durability and any other safety features required, such as toe protection. Accidents are expensive there are many hidden and uninsured costs. But it may be more comfortable or attractive ensuring that staff wears it and it may last longer. Specify the main surfaces and contaminants which cause slip risks in the workplace, and seek our supplier‟s advice on suitable footwear. Some generally slip-resistant footwear may not be suitable in specific demanding conditions. In this research, footwear are tested in water and oil conditioned floor tiles and the final result is compared with both conditions

SURFACE MODIFICATION OF TPR SOLE: AN APPROACH TO IMPROVE SLIP RESISTANCE ON QUARRY AND CERAMIC TILES

2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mohan ◽  
S. Raja ◽  
G. Saraswathy ◽  
B. N. Das
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Resistance Property ◽  
Slip Resistance ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid

ABSTRACT Human slip on smooth surfaces is a common accident, even though the footwear soling materials are designed with cleats and treads to provide more friction with the floor. About 20% of footwear is made with thermoplastic rubber (TPR; styrene-butadiene-styrene) soles. The slip resistance property under wet-flooring conditions of this kind of sole is poor because of the nonionic nature of the polymer. Chemical surface modification can be exploited to improve the slip-resistance property of TPR soles. The surface is chemically modified with trichloroisocyanuric acid in a methyl ethyl ketone medium (TCI/MEK; at 1, 2, and 3%) to introduce chlorinated and oxidized moieties to the rubber surface. The extent of surface modification produced in TPR with this change can be tested using attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and contact angle and surface roughness measurements. The improvement in slip resistance can be evaluated by measuring the coefficient of friction using a dynamic slip-resistance tester. The extent of the change in the functional physical properties, such as surface roughness, contact angle, work adhesion, in slip resistance can be improved by optimizing the concentration of trichloroisocyanuric acid. Physicomechanical properties of unmodified and modified soles that are essential for wear performance can be tested and compared. Quantitative changes on the surface of modified rubber soles increases surface roughness, reduces contact angles, and increases work energy, so there is a considerable increase in the coefficient of friction, especially under wet floor conditions. The chemical surface treatment tends to reduce the bulk mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and abrasion resistance, because cyanuric acid attacks the sole. The coefficient of friction produces a positive trend at 1 and 2% TCI/MEK treatments, but the trend is negative at a 3% concentration. The optimum surface treatment level for surface modification to enhance the slip resistance of TPR is 2% TCI/MEK.

scholarly journals Effect of pedestrian traffic on the slip resistance and visual appearance of ceramic floor tiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e51610414425
Author(s):  
Ana Virgínia Lot ◽  
Ana Paula Margarido Menegazzo ◽  
Camila Tavares Brasileiro ◽  
Fábio Gomes Melchiades ◽  
Anselmo Ortega Boschi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Ceramic Floor ◽  
Slip Resistance ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic ◽  
Profile Characteristics

The increase of surface roughness is a common measure for improving the slip resistance of floors. Nevertheless, the surface roughness of the floors can wear out during the use. Furthermore, rough surfaces can be susceptible to dirt accumulation. As a consequence, during the use, the original slip resistance and visual appearance of the floors can be deteriorated. In this scenario, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of pedestrian traffic on the surface profile, slip resistance and visual appearance of commercial ceramic floor tiles. The surface profile (contact profilometer), slip resistance (pendulum method) and visual appearance (visual analysis) of different commercial ceramic floors were evaluated before and after their exposure to heavy pedestrian traffic, and the results were compared. Significant reductions of the sharpness and height of profile peaks of the surfaces, due to mechanical wear, were observed. Consequently, for all the surfaces which initially presented satisfactory slip resistance for use in slipping risk areas, this property was reduced to unsafe levels. The degree of dirt accumulation, and the consequent visual appearance deterioration, varied according to the profile characteristics of the studied floors. The best cleaning performances were found for surfaces with more spaced irregularities and wider profile valleys.

scholarly journals Correlations between the slip resistance and surface roughness of ceramic floor tiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e4410413865
Author(s):  
Ana Virgínia Lot ◽  
Ana Paula Margarido Menegazzo ◽  
Camila Tavares Brasileiro ◽  
Fábio Gomes Melchiades ◽  
Anselmo Ortega Boschi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Ceramic Tiles ◽  
Ceramic Floor ◽  
Surface Finishes ◽  
Slip Resistance ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Unit Of Length

The characteristics of the floor surface profile are one of the factors that can be responsible for slip and fall accidents. To reduce the incidence of these accidents, it is essential to identify the profile features necessary for floor covering materials to be suitable for slipping risk areas. The objective of the present work was to investigate correlations between the slip resistance and the surface roughness of ceramic floor tiles. The slip resistance and the surface roughness of commercial ceramic tiles, with a diversity of surface finishes, were characterized by the pendulum method and contact profilometry, respectively. It was concluded that the presence of a large number of sharp peaks per unit of length of the profile is required for high slip resistance ceramic tiles. It was also found that the presence of waviness contributes to increasing the floors slip resistance even more. Through regression analysis, a good correlation between the pendulum results and the roughness parameter Ra was found.

Rim Slip and Bead Fitment of Tires: Analysis and Design2

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Frictional Torque ◽  
Finite Element Analyses ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Contact Pressure Distribution ◽  
Design Modification ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Slip Resistance ◽  
Braking Torque

Abstract A tire slips circumferentially on the rim when subjected to a driving or braking torque greater than the maximum tire-rim frictional torque. The balance of the tire-rim assembly achieved with weight attachment at certain circumferential locations in tire mounting is then lost, and vibration or adverse effects on handling may result when the tire is rolled. Bead fitment refers to the fit between a tire and its rim, and in particular, to whether a gap exists between the two. Rim slip resistance, or the maximum tire-rim frictional torque, is the integral of the product of contact pressure, friction coefficient, and the distance to the wheel center over the entire tire-rim interface. Analytical solutions and finite element analyses were used to study the dependence of the contact pressure distribution on tire design and operating attributes such as mold ring profile, bead bundle construction and diameter, and inflation pressure, etc. The tire-rim contact pressure distribution consists of two parts. The pressure on the ledge and the flange, respectively, comes primarily from tire-rim interference and inflation. Relative contributions of the two to the total rim slip resistance vary with tire types, depending on the magnitudes of ledge interference and inflation pressure. Based on the analyses, general guidelines are established for bead design modification to improve rim slip resistance and mountability, and to reduce the sensitivity to manufacturing variability. An iterative design and analysis procedure is also developed to improve bead fitment.

Alexandria, Kom el-Dikka. Fieldwork in the 2019 season

2020 ◽  
pp. 469-496
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Majcherek
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Floor Tiles ◽  
Stone Material ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Late Roman

The report offers an account of archaeological and conservation work carried out at the site. Excavations in the central part of the site (Sector F) were continued for the fourth season in a row. Exploration of remains of early Roman houses led to the discovery of a well preserved multicolored triclinium mosaic floor with a floral and geometric design. A large assemblage of fragments of polychrome marble floor tiles, recorded in the house collapse, showed the scale of importation of decorative stone material from various regions of the Mediterranean. Overlying the early Roman strata was direct evidence of intensive construction work carried out in the vicinity in the form of large-scale kilnworks, supplying lime most probably for the building of the late Roman bath and cistern. Included in the presentation is a brief review of the limited conservation work that was conducted in the complex of late antique auditoria.

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