Isolation of Sludge Protein from Skin Fleshing Wastes by Alkaline Hydrolysis and Determining its Effects as a Fertilizer on Growth of Some Nursery Plants: A Step Towards Tanneries Waste Utilization in Pakistan.

During Leather Processing, Skin Fleshing Wastes (SFW) are usually disposed of in an open area which creates toxic hazards. In this study, (SFW) from tanneries have been hydrolyzed using two alkalis Potassium hydroxide ( 2g/ 100g of SFW ) and Sodium hydroxide ( 4g/100g of SFW) with a sufficient amount of water at 2300 F in Autoclave for two hours. Three resultant fractions fats and oil (approximately 240 g Kg-1 ), protein (approximately 554 g Kg-1 ) and sludge containing a high amount of ashes (approximately 900 g Kg-1 ) were successfully isolated respectively. The yield of fractions was calculated on the wet weight of SFW used after the removal of lime using ammonium sulphate. In this study, the isolated third fraction Fleshing Sludge (FS) from the hydrolyzed fleshing wastes used fertilizer on the six different plants on growth commonly named Ghobi, Cran Dola, Patunia, Placus, Dentist and Dalia. The observations were taken during 30 days of incubation, at the usual temperature. The application of FS in plants observed that growth was enhanced in significant proportion as compare to reference plants supplemented with commercial fertilizer except in the Ghobi sample PS1 which shows some phytotoxicity confirmed by leaf yellowing. The results revealed that the applied sludge has no adverse effect on the growth of other experimental plants. Results were taken by measuring plants according to standard methods

Development of Needle-Punched Nonwoven Fabrics from Natural Fibers for Sound Absorption Behavior

: The natural fibers prepared from plant waste have parameters like fiber strength, length, and chemical composition which are suitable to fabric and the fibers into nonwoven. The selected plants were identified from their botanical names by comparing the collected samples with those of known identity in the herbarium of a botanical survey in India with their names as Sesbania grandiflora, Mutingia Calabura, and Bauhinia Purpurea. A novel Portable multi-fibre decorticator machine was fabricated and used to extract the fibers from the plant stem and barks. The extracted fibers are done physical characterization and their properties are investigated. The extracted fibers are blended with other natural fibers like jute and flax in appropriate proportions 45:45:10 and nonwoven fabrics were prepared by the needle-punching method. Three and four-layer nonwovens are produced using a needle punching machine. The developed nonwovens are tested using standard apparatus and the effect of natural fibers in areal density, thickness; bulk density, porosity, and air permeability are analyzed. In addition, thermal conductivity and sound absorption behaviour are also investigated. The sound absorption property increases concerning areal density and fabric thickness. The thermal conductivity increased by increasing the fiber layer in the fabric to evaluate its potential as a protective barrier material in non-woven face masks.

Sustainable Alternatives for Plastic Packaging used in Apparel E-Tailing.

Fashion today is about an obsession with outward image and appearance. Though the door delivery of goods is very useful for modern consumers, it has given rise to some serious environmental challenges due to excessive usage of plastics. To pack the clothes ordered online needs a whole leap of plastic wrap, bubble sheet, thermocol sheet and the list of packaging waste is endless. From polybag to collar band, plastic has a wide range of use in the packaging segment, though recycling and reusing these materials are difficult. Products like corrugated bubble sheet, green wrap, indented kraft paper can be intensive as eco-friendly alternatives for this ecological damage. Though there is room for sustainable modules in the fashion industry, there must be companies and people willing to take up the new ideals. This paper reviews plastic consumption in packaging and its environmental annoyance and the alternatives identified by some fashion brands..

Development of Non-Woven Fabrics from Bamboo/Polypropylene Fibres and its Application in Personal Protective Equipment-A Review.

The important component of personal protective equipment is a mask. Mask is more important in a pandemic because it safeguards our life by stopping the spreading of the Coronavirus by entrapping the droplets from the corona affected person to enter into the wearer’s nose. Many types of masks are available such as non-woven mask, reusable mask, N95 mask and cloth mask etc. The majority of commercial masks are non-woven masks which are made up of polypropylene fibre. The main drawback of non-woven masks is their discomfort due to lack of breathability. This problem is solved by utilizing natural fibres as one of the raw material in non-woven and using them in the mask. Bamboo fibre is a natural celluloid fibre having good comfort properties with antimicrobial properties. Hence an attempt is made in this review article to examine the important properties of bamboo fibre and to evaluate its potential as a protective barrier material in non-woven face masks.

Application of Nano Sericin Finish on Polyester Fabric

Textiles of today are materials with applications in almost all our activities, Silk is a natural protein fiber used by mankind for more centuries. The silk fiber mainly contains two types of proteins they are fibroin and sericin. The sticky protein sericin is removed in the degumming process and discarded as wastewater in silk fiber production industry. In this study, the wastewater sericin is collected from the industry and recovered the sericin by various extraction methods. Then convert into nano sericin particles and the nanosericin is applied to the polyester fabric to improve the absorbency property of the fabric.

Sustainable Finishes for Healthcare Apparels

The conventional textile finishing process used to consume a high amount of water, chemical and energy source which leads to more hazardous waste material and polluting the environment. To replace these conventional methods, working towards sustainable manufacturing is more consideration for the need of an hour. In the field of medical textile, the finishes used for manufacturing the health care apparels should enhance the desired properties that the patient and the health care personals need. For this purpose, the advanced and eco-friendly finishing process has been developed. Thus in this paper, the sustainable and eco-friendly finishing process used in the field of medical textile has been discussed in detail.

Apparel Industry - The New Normal.

In the post-COVID-19 pandemic wearing the mask and maintaining social distancing becomes the new normal where people have to strictly follow to keep themselves safe. In such situations, the apparel industry has to come up with new business imperatives to catch up with their business back to normal. The world has to face new strategies and new adaptation to overcome the pandemic time and move back to a new normal. The apparel sectors, brand, retail, the manufacture has faced many challenges and thus in this paper, the challenges of textile and apparel sectors and new norms and strategies followed by apparel brand, in retail sectors, buying and in supply chain management has been discussed and it is found that digitalization has become new normal in all of these sectors.

An Experimental Study on Protective Gloves Used in Pakistan.

This technical study deals with the experimental evaluation of four different safety gloves, used in Pakistan for protection of hands. The samples were prepared and tested according to their standard test methods EN-388. The samples for EN388 were subjected to three physical tests; puncture resistance (N), abrasion resistance (cycles), tear-resistance (N). The results revealed that the performance levels of synthetic leather/ PVC gloves were found higher than other gloves.

Analysis of Footwear Slip Resistance Property in Floor Tiles

Choosing slip-resistant footwear from the whole host of products on the market can be difficult. Sole descriptions are varied, from improving the grip performance to excellent multi-directional slip-resistance. Often, footwear is just described as „slip-resistant‟ and the brochure do not describe the conditions for which the footwear is most suitable. Footwear selection has to take account of several factors in addition to slip resistance, such as comfort, durability and any other safety features required, such as toe protection. Accidents are expensive there are many hidden and uninsured costs. But it may be more comfortable or attractive ensuring that staff wears it and it may last longer. Specify the main surfaces and contaminants which cause slip risks in the workplace, and seek our supplier‟s advice on suitable footwear. Some generally slip-resistant footwear may not be suitable in specific demanding conditions. In this research, footwear are tested in water and oil conditioned floor tiles and the final result is compared with both conditions

A Study on Antimicrobial Activity of Sericin on Cotton Fabric

In the manufacturing of silk in the dried cocoons of a silkworm, fibroin is separated from sericin by a degumming process. The sericin is mostly discarded in the wastewater. The recovery of sericin not only reduces the environmental impact of silk manufacturing but a significant economic and social benefit could be realized from the recovery and recycling of sericin protein. Sericin has been studied as one of the new resources for textile and non-textile materials. It has properties like antioxidation, antibacterial, UV resistant, absorb and release of moisture, etc. Sericin has a good effect on wound healing, no toxicity, and low inflammatory reaction. Hence the present investigation aims to improve the antimicrobial activity of cotton fabric through the process of sericin finish.