scholarly journals A REVIEW ON TOXICITY OF GUNJA (ABRUS PRECATORIUS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469-1473
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Manish Rajak ◽  
Jai Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Modern Concept ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Toxic Plant

Gunja (Abrus precatorius Linn.) is a toxic plant which is described in various Samhita and other Ayurvedic texts. In Sushruta Samhita Vishaja dravyas are classified into Sthavara, Jangama and Kritima Visha. Gunja is mentioned in Sthavara Visha. In Sthavara Visha it is mentioned under Moolaja Adhisthan, which is one of the ten Adhisthan of Sthavara Visha. According to Rasa Tarangani Sthavara Visha are further divided into Mahavisha and Upavisha. Gunja is mentioned in Upavisha which is less potent toxic than Mahavisha. All parts of the plant are toxic, but the most toxic part is the seed which contains the active principle abrin. According to the modern concept, it is an irritant organic poison. In the Ayurvedic concept, if toxic plants are used after Shodhana process, they are useful in various types of diseases. The main aim of this study is to collect all the information related to Gunja and its toxicity. Keywords: Gunja, Visha, Toxicity, Abrin, Shodhana

scholarly journals Unknowing ingestion of Brugmansia suaveolens leaves presenting with signs of anticholinergic toxicity: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Jayawickreme ◽  
K. V. C. Janaka ◽  
S. A. S. P. Subasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sinus Tachycardia ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Anticholinergic Syndrome ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Brugmansia Suaveolens ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
General Community

Abstract Background Brugmansia suaveolens is the commonest species under the Solanacea (“Angels Trumpet” in English; “Attana” in Sinhalese) plant family in Sri Lanka. It contains alkaloids like scopolamine, atropine and hyoscyamine which can cause an anticholinergic toxindrome. There have been a few reported cases of accidental ingestion of Brugmansia seeds among children, seeds being the most toxic part, but no such reported cases of Brugmansia leaves poisoning among adults. Case presentation A 60-year-old-female Sinhalese presented with acute confusion, delirium, and agitation. She had ingested a herbal drink made from leaves of an unknown plant from her garden prior to onset of symptoms. She had urinary retention, mydriasis and sinus tachycardia. She was managed supportively with activated charcoal and hydration and the delirium completely resolved within 15 hours. The presented unkown plant leaves were identified as Brugmansia suaveolens. Conclusion Although seeds are the most toxic plant part in most cases of Brugmansia poisoning, leaves also have a significant degree of toxicity. It is important that medical professionals promptly recognize the features of anticholinergic syndrome, and have a high index to suspect Brugmansia poisoning and start prompt treatment. It is also important to improve awareness of toxic plants among the general community to prevent toxicities and fatalities.

Studies on the active principle from Abrus precatorius L. Leguminosae seed kernels

Toxicon ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Yaw Lin ◽  
Yon-Shong Shaw ◽  
Ta-Cheng Tung
Keyword(s):  
Active Principle ◽  
Abrus Precatorius

scholarly journals Enzootic calcinosis in horses grazing Solanum glaucophyllum in Argentina

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto R. Odriozola ◽  
Alejandro M. Rodríguez ◽  
Juan F. Micheloud ◽  
Germán J. Cantón ◽  
Rubén D. Caffarena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Restriction ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Thoracolumbar Kyphosis ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Toxic Plant

Solanum glaucophyllum, a toxic plant known for its calcinogenic effects, causes enzootic calcinosis in ruminant and monogastric animals. We describe an outbreak of enzootic calcinosis that occurred in a herd of 110 horses grazing pastureland heavily contaminated with S. glaucophyllum in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Ten horses developed clinical signs, and 6 horses died. Clinical signs included abnormal gait (stiff-legged action, short strides), stiffness, thoracolumbar kyphosis, reluctance to move, wide stance, chronic weight loss, weakness, recumbency, and difficulty standing. Autopsy of 2 horses revealed severe mineralization of the aorta, pulmonary arteries, heart, and lungs, consistent with enzootic calcinosis. Although horses usually have very selective grazing behavior, under food restriction conditions, they can ingest the toxic plants and can develop the disease. Enzootic calcinosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses grazing S. glaucophyllum–invaded pasturelands with compatible clinical signs and lesions.

New Indices for Ethnotoxicological Assessment of Medicinal Plants: Example of Tafilalet Region, Morocco

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Mohamed Eddouks ◽  
Mohammed Ajebli ◽  
Morad Hebi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Several botanical species are poisonous and are used for medicinal purposes in traditional medicine. In fact, a relationship between toxicity and phytotherapeutic potential of medicinal plants exists. Objective:Until now, there is no ethnopharmacological indices evaluating mathematically the toxic property of any medicinal plant used traditionally. Consequently, it is important to find this link through the establishment and development of novel indices that put into consideration the relationship between toxicity and phytotherapy. Two essential objectives were targeted in the present investigation: firstly, we aimed to establish novel indices which permit researchers to evaluate data obtained in any ethnobotanical survey targeting toxic plants. Secondly, we aimed also to collect data and information about toxic species, mainly those used traditionally for therapeutic purposes in the region of Tafilalet (southeast of Morocco). Methods:The total informant interviewed in our study was 1616 (where 1500 were simple local inhabitants and 116 were herbalists). This inquiry was carried out through semi-structured and structured interviews and the sampling technique used was the stratified sample (9 stratums). Data obtained was analyzed using 3 new indices: Degree of Taxonomic Toxicity (DT), Degree of Botanical Families Toxicity (DFT) and Relative Link of Toxicity (RLT). Results:47 toxic species belonging to 38 botanical families were quoted in our survey. The highest value of DT was observed for Atractylis gummifera L. (DT=24.67). According to the calculated value of DFT, the most toxic plant family in the region of Tafilalet was Asteraceae (DFT=143.90). Nervous system disorders are the main ailment caused by the toxicity of poisonous species used in the traditional medicine in Tafilalet (RLT=1.44). Conclusion:Novel indices established in this investigation (DT, DFT and RLT) have been demonstrated to be useful for interpreting data collected in Tafilalet region and could serve for other ethnopharmacological surveys of toxic medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Impact of Shodhana on Semecarpus anacardium Nuts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Kumar Sahu ◽  
Prashant Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Hypolipidemic Activity ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Semecarpus Anacardium ◽  
Carcinogenic Activity ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Semecarpus anacardium is classified in Ayurveda under the category of toxic plants. However, this toxic plant is reported to possess anti-inflammatory activity, anti-arthritic effect, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, anti- carcinogenic activity, hypoglycemic activity, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and hypolipidemic activity etc. All these activities are attributed to its various constituents like phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, etc. In Ayurveda, a series of pharmaceutical procedures which converts a poisonous drug into a safe and therapeutically effective medicine is termed as Shodhana. Shodhana improves the yield, decreases the phenolic and flavonoid content; and converts toxic urushiol into nontoxic anacardol derivative thereby reducing toxicity of nuts of Semecarpus anacardium. There are reports of alteration in pharmacology and phytochemistry of nuts of Semecarpus anacardium due to Shodhana.

scholarly journals Evaluation of knowledge of Polish medical students regarding toxic plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Fałkowska ◽  
Agnieszka Radzka ◽  
Wanda Dobryniewska ◽  
Karol Krawiec ◽  
Michał Tchórz
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Galanthus Nivalis ◽  
Toxic Plant ◽  
Caltha Palustris

Abstract Introduction. There are approximately 300 species of poisonous plants in Poland. About 50 of them contain toxic substances which pose threat to health when consumed. Accidental poisonings remain the most common cause, but there were also cases correlated to suicidal or criminal purposes. There are only few toxicological departments in Poland keeping the records of plant poisonings, what makes presented data inaccurate. Aim. The authors decided to evaluate knowledge of Polish medical students regarding toxic plants and symptoms of its intoxication. Material and methods. The number of 734 online responses from students enrolled in medical studies at 16 different Polish universities were collected and analyzed to draw a conclusion. Results. As many as 87.6% of all respondents were in favor of introducing obligatory classes covering the issue of toxic plants. They were also asked to identify plants presented in the pictures. When it comes to 53.1% of students, they were familiar with Datura stramonium L. Over half of the participants were able to recognize the mild symptoms of intoxication, when 25.9% linked the poisoning to narcotic sleep. Taxus baccata L. was identified by 86.6% of the respondents and the majority of them possessed knowledge about the related symptoms. Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. and Caltha palustris L. were recognized by respectively 94% and 64% of the students. As many as 84.1% of participants knew the effects of Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden intoxication. All correct answers related to this poisoning were chosen by 48.3% respondents. The results revealed that the symptoms of Caltha palustris L. are unknown to the majority. Atropa belladonna L. was successfully identified by 93.6%, Galanthus nivalis L. by 55.4% of the students, with a lower percentage of correct responses related to its intoxication. Conclusions. Such differentiated knowledge can be the result of both educational variances and personal experience. Polish medical universities should consider introducing extra classes that would cover the issue of toxic plant intoxications.

scholarly journals II. Physiological action of the active principle of the seeds of Abrus precatorius (Jequirity)

1890 ◽  
Vol 46 (280-285) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Active Principle ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Physiological Action ◽  
Severe Inflammation

The object of the present investigation was to study the physiological action of the active principle of the jequirity seed. A watery infusion of the seeds, as is well, known, produces severe inflammation of the conjunctiva when a few drops are placed in the eye; and when injected under the skin, or as in the “sui” poisoning of cattle in India, it is fatal to animals.

scholarly journals Etnobotánica en comunidades pastoriles. Conocimiento tradicional sobre especies tóxicas para el ganado en la cuenca del río Iruya (Salta, Argentina) Ethnobotany in pastoral communities. Traditional knowledge about toxic species for the livestock in Iruya

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-375
Author(s):  
Laura M. Califano ◽  
Fernando Echazú
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Pastoral Communities ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Toxic Plant

Summary: Ethnobotany in pastoral communities. Traditional knowledge about toxic species for the livestock in Iruya river basin (Salta, Argentina). We register the traditional knowledge of toxic plants to the livestock in peasant populations in the Iruya river basin (Dpto. Iruya y Sta. Victoria, Prov. Salta, Argentina), area which comprise transitional environments of the phytogeographical provinces of Puna, Pre-puna and Yungas. We carried out semi-structured interviews to livestock producers and community promoters of animal health, and participatory workshops with the objective of register local names and other aspects relating to: ambient, period of consumption, symptoms, species affected, and traditional treatments, among others. Herbarium specimens were collected and performed a contrast literature on the species surveyed. There were 11 toxic plant species surveyed belonging to 7 botanical families, of which 4 are news entries as toxic species.Key words: toxic flora, ethnobotany, ethnoveterinary, symptoms, traditional treatments.Resumen: Se registra el conocimiento tradicional de la flora tóxica para el ganado en poblaciones campesinas de la cuenca del río Iruya (Dpto. Iruya y Sta. Victoria, Prov. Salta, Argentina); área que comprende ambientes transicionales de las provincias fitogeográficas de Puna, Pre-puna y Yungas. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a productores ganaderos y promotores comunitarios de sanidad animal y talleres participativos con el objeto de registrar nombres locales y otros aspectos referidos a: ambientes, época de consumo, especies afectadas, sintomatología, tratamientos tradicionales, entre otros. Se colectaron ejemplares de herbario y se realizó un contraste bibliográfico sobre las especies recopiladas. Se registraron 11 especies vegetales tóxicas pertenecientes a 7 familias botánicas, de las cuales 4 son nuevas menciones como especies tóxicas.Palabras clave: flora tóxica, etnobotánica, etnoveterinaria, sintomatología, tratamientos tradicionales.

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