PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF ASTHIDHATU

Ayurveda is an ancient medical science which is related to health. Ayurveda described three basic physiological constitution of the body they are: Dosha, Dhatu and mala. Dhatu are structural unit of the body. Asthi is fifth dhatu among saptadhatu. In modern science asthidhatu relate with bones and cartilage. Bones store minerals such as calcium. Metabolic bone diseases are caused by minerals and vitamins deficiency. Asthidhatu is resultant of action of medoagni on medodhatu and is responsible for nourishing majjadhatu. It supports the basic structures, protect vital organs, nourishing the nervous tissue. Health refers to the moderate quantity of asthidhatu while dis- orders may develop when any vitiation occur. Just as asthi dhatu (Bones) contribute to health, diseases related to bones can disrupt the body. This paper attempts to understand concepts of Asthidhatu for maintain health and pre- vention from diseases related to the bone. Keywords: Health, Asthidhatu ksaya-Vruddhi, functions

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Radiographic imaging of metabolic bone disorders and their relative management

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20164561 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

Parveen Chandna ◽

Pramod Setty J. ◽

Jeevika M. U. ◽

Praveen Kumar T. Kochar ◽

Siddesh M. B.

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

The Body ◽

Cell Physiology ◽

Radiographic Imaging ◽

Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽

Metabolic Bone

Background: Bone is a strong dynamic organ of the endoskeleton playing a vital role in structural integrity envisaging to keep proper shape and maintenance of the body, mineral reservoirs, blood production, coagulation and immunity. Metabolic bone diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that interrupt the normal homeostasis of bone formation and resorption. Bone regulates as well as acts as a host for hematopoiesis by providing niche for proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cell. Bone is a dynamic tissue but metabolically active as it is being constantly formed (modelling) and reformed (remodelling). Metabolic bone diseases comprise of a broad spectrum of inherited and acquired disorders characterized by abnormalities in calcium metabolism and bone cell physiology- that lead to an altered serum calcium concentration and skeletal failure.Methods: After taking a properly informed written consent and complete history, thorough clinical examination was done and these patients were subjected to radiographic imaging and biochemical analysis.Results: Serum alkaline phosphatase is a good marker in rickets and osteomalacia, ICTP in osteoporosis, pyridinoline, deoxypyridinoline in primary hyperparathyroidism, serum PICP in renal osteodystrophy.Conclusions: In cases of rickets and osteomalacia either decreased or normal values of serum calcium and serum phosphorus were obtained. But the cases pertaining to renal failure with rickets values of serum phosphorous were found to be raised. However, in all cases of rickets and osteomalacia values of serum alkaline phosphatase were also found to be raised.

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Radiographic imaging of metabolic bone disorders in consonance with biochemical parameters

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20164558 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 245

Author(s):

Parveen Chandna ◽

Pramod Setty J. ◽

Jeevika M. U. ◽

Praveen Kumar Tejmal Kochar ◽

Siddesh M. B.

Keyword(s):

Serum Calcium ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Bone Cell ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

The Body ◽

Cell Physiology ◽

Radiographic Imaging ◽

Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽

Metabolic Bone

Background: Bone is a strong dynamic organ of the endoskeleton playing a vital role in structural integrity envisaging keeping proper shape and maintenance of the body, mineral reservoirs, blood production, coagulation and immunity. Metabolic bone diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders that interrupt the normal homeostasis of bone formation and resorption. Bone regulates as well as acts as a host for hematopoiesis by providing niche for proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cell. Bone is a dynamic tissue but metabolically active as it is being constantly formed (modelling) and reformed (remodelling). Metabolic bone diseases comprise of a broad spectrum of inherited and acquired disorders characterized by abnormalities in calcium metabolism and bone cell physiology- that lead to an altered serum calcium concentration and skeletal failure.Methods: After taking a properly informed written consent and complete history, thorough clinical examination was done and these patients were subjected to radiographic imaging and biochemical analysis.Results: With regards to fracture relating to different skeletal structures frequency was more in vertebra (38%), the maximum to be reported in 38 cases followed by hip fractures (17%) in 17 cases. Pelvis fractures were reported as (11%) in 11 cases and tibia fractures were reported to be only (7%) in meagre population of 7 cases, while remaining skeletal organs had (27%) fractures with subject to realisation in other 27 cases.Conclusions: In all the osteoporotic cases irrespective to age of patients, values of serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase, serum phosphorus, serum potassium, serum sodium, serum calcidiol were within normal limits.

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A survey of diseases in captive bearded dragons: a retrospective study of 529 patients

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/162/2016-vetmed ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 62 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 508-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Schmidt-Ukaj ◽

M. Hochleithner ◽

B. Richter ◽

C. Hochleithner ◽

D. Brandstetter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Central Europe ◽

Spindle Cell ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

The Body ◽

Urogenital System ◽

Skin Tumours ◽

Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽

Metabolic Bone ◽

Faecal Samples

The aim of this clinical retrospective study was to analyse the prevalence of common disorders in 529 captive bearded dragons that were presented to three exotic animal clinics in Central Europe (Austria and Czech Republic) over a period of three years. A diagnosis was made on the basis of the presenting clinical signs and physical examination in 30.8% of the cases, whereas various additional diagnostic tests were performed in the other cases (69.2%). These included diagnostic imaging (radiography, ultrasound and computed tomography), examination of faecal samples for the presence of parasites, a blood-profile analysis, histological, as well as bacteriological and mycological examinations and necropsy. Gastrointestinal diseases (42.67%) like endoparasitism, constipation, sand ingestion, tympany and meteorism were the most common disorders. In 51.92% of the cases of constipation, endoparasites were present, whereas in 38.46% of the cases of constipation, metabolic bone diseases and imbalances in calcium and phosphorus levels were detected. Most of the analysed faecal samples (83.27%) were positive for the presence of endoparasites (48.7% pinworms, 25.39% coccidians and 16.06% flagellates). Dermatological problems (22.4%) contained skin tumours, which were observed in adult lizards (age range from three to eight years) and included spindle cell tumour on the eyelid, as well as spindle cell sarcoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma on the trunk. Osteodystrophy, limb fractures and various types of necrosis on the limbs and tail were frequently observed musculoskeletal disorders (18.93%). Over half of all animals (57.14%) that underwent a blood test, showed a deviation in the calcium-phosphorus ratio, 63.98% showed hypocalcaemia and 26.71% hyperphosphataemia. Diseases of the urogenital system (9.47%) included renal diseases and dystocia. Neoplastic diseases besides skin tumours included two cases of leukaemia in 4-year-old bearded dragons, one of these with lymphoma in kidneys, lungs and liver and one ganglioneuroma in the body cavity of a bearded dragon of unknown age. Orthopaedic surgeries were most frequently performed to amputate the limbs or tail, whereas soft-tissue surgeries most often included the treatment of skin wounds and correction of cloacal prolapse, in addition to ovariectomy, salpingotomy or salpingectomy in female bearded dragons. Similar to the situation in Australia and the USA, infectious as well as non-infectious diseases are common in captive bearded dragons in Central Europe. Due to the high occurrence of endoparasitism, skin diseases and metabolic bone diseases in this present study, regular veterinary controls in bearded dragons including parasitological faecal examinations and optimisation of feeding and housing are necessary to improve the standard of health of bearded dragons kept as pet lizards in Europe.

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Metabolic Bone Diseases

Pediatrics in Review ◽

10.1542/pir.5.8.227 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 227-237

Author(s):

Russell W. Chesney

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Weight Bearing ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

The Body ◽

Mineral Phase ◽

Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽

Metabolic Bone ◽

Inorganic Chemical ◽

Bone Trabeculae ◽

Hydroxyapatite Crystals

Upon viewing a skeleton, one thinks of bone as an inert framework upon which the remainder of the body is constructed. Nothing could be more incorrect, since bone is a dynamic living organ which is capable of constant turnover, weight-bearing, and sustaining the remarkable stresses incurred in running, jumping, and other daily activities. Bone is constantly being formed and reformed (modeled and remodeled), is continuously serving as a reservoir of the divalent minerals (calcium, phosphate, and magnesium), and, in children, is constantly undergoing growth. In this article, the disorders that affect bone will be reviewed. These conditions fall under the general rubric metabolic bone disease and generally comprise a group of disorders in which impaired formation, enhanced resorption, or altered turnover of bone prevails (Table 1). The human skeleton is composed of a collagen-containing (and noncollagen protein-containing) matrix, or osteoid, upon which is deposited a crystalline mineral phase. This mineral component of bone contains calcium and phosphate in various inorganic chemical compounds, the major one being hydroxyapatite. However, this hydroxyapatite is deep within bone trabeculae and ordinarily inaccessible. The rapidly exchangeable pool and accessible mineral phase of bone is composed of newly formed, but incomplete, hydroxyapatite crystals and amorphous calcium phosphate.1

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H2S Donor and Bone Metabolism

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.661601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yanming Hao ◽

Hongzhen Wang ◽

Lingna Fang ◽

Jinsong Bian ◽

Yan Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Bone Diseases ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolic Bone Diseases ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Metabolic Bone ◽

And Function

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as the third gasotransmitter, following nitric oxide and carbon monoxide, and it exerts important biological effects in the body. Growing evidence has shown that H2S is involved in many physiological processes in the body. In recent years, much research has been carried out on the role of H2S in bone metabolism. Bone metabolic diseases have been linked to abnormal endogenous H2S functions and metabolism. It has been found that H2S plays an important role in the regulation of bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Regulation of H2S on bone metabolism has many interacting signaling pathways at the molecular level, which play an important role in bone formation and absorption. H2S releasing agents (donors) have achieved significant effects in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. In addition, H2S donors and related drugs have been widely used as research tools in basic biomedical research and may be explored as potential therapeutic agents in the future. Donors are used to study the mechanism and function of H2S as they release H2S through different mechanisms. Although H2S releasers have biological activity, their function can be inconsistent. Additionally, donors have different H2S release capabilities, which could lead to different effects. Side effects may form with the formation of H2S; however, it is unclear whether these side effects affect the biological effects of H2S. Therefore, it is necessary to study H2S donors in detail. In this review, we summarize the current information about H2S donors related to bone metabolism diseases and discuss some mechanisms and biological applications.

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