scholarly journals Nuclear Imaging: Physician Confusion Over True Quantification and Isotope Redistribution

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
M Fleming Richard ◽  
◽  
R Fleming Matthew ◽  
K Chaudhuri Tapan ◽  
McKusick Andrew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Recent Introduction ◽  
Major Flaw

Clinicians are beginning to understand the importance of quantification for use in medicine, particularly nuclear medicine. With the recent introduction of mandates by CMS, ASNC, and the SNMMI for quantification, it is not surprising that professional papers are beginning to be published on the topic. One recent publication paper by Zhao et al. demonstrates the misunderstanding that is plaguing the field of modern nuclear medicine. The second publication by Dorbala et al. discusses a major flaw in the current understanding of redistribution measurements of isotopes such as Sestamibi and Tetrofsomin

scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles and Nanorods in Nuclear Medicine: A Mini Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Maccora ◽  
Valentina Dini ◽  
Chiara Battocchio ◽  
Ilaria Fratoddi ◽  
Antonella Cartoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Radiometabolic Therapy

In the last decade, many innovative nanodrugs have been developed, as well as many nanoradiocompounds that show amazing features in nuclear imaging and/or radiometabolic therapy. Their potential uses offer a wide range of possibilities. It can be possible to develop nondimensional systems of existing radiopharmaceuticals or build engineered systems that combine a nanoparticle with the radiopharmaceutical, a tracer, and a target molecule, and still develop selective nanodetection systems. This review focuses on recent advances regarding the use of gold nanoparticles and nanorods in nuclear medicine. The up-to-date advancements will be shown concerning preparations with special attention on the dimensions and functionalizations that are most used to attain an enhanced performance of gold engineered nanomaterials. Many ideas are offered regarding recent in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, the recent clinical trials and applications are discussed.

scholarly journals Toward the Discovery and Development of PSMA Targeted Inhibitors for Nuclear Medicine Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Pastorino ◽  
Mattia Riondato ◽  
Licia Uccelli ◽  
Giampiero Giovacchini ◽  
Elisabetta Giovannini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Rising Incidence ◽  
Commercial Distribution ◽  
Specific Membrane ◽  
Potential Use

Background:: The rising incidence rate of prostate cancer (PCa) has promoted the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals during the last decades. Promising improvements have been achieved in clinical practice using prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) labeled agents, including specific antibodies and small molecular weight inhibitors. Focusing on molecular docking studies, this review aims to highlight the progress in the design of PSMA targeted agents for a potential use in nuclear medicine. Results:: Although the first development of radiopharmaceuticals able to specifically recognize PSMA was exclusively oriented to macromolecule protein structure such as radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies and derivatives, the isolation of the crystal structure of PSMA served as the trigger for the synthesis and the further evaluation of a variety of low molecular weight inhibitors. Among the nuclear imaging probes and radiotherapeutics that have been developed and tested till today, labeled Glutamate-ureido inhibitors are the most prevalent PSMA-targeting agents for nuclear medicine applications. Conclusion:: PSMA represents for researchers the most attractive target for the detection and treatment of patients affected by PCa using nuclear medicine modalities. [99mTc]MIP-1404 is considered the tracer of choice for SPECT imaging and [68Ga]PSMA-11 is the leading diagnostic for PET imaging by general consensus. [18F]DCFPyL and [18F]PSMA-1007 are clearly the emerging PET PSMA candidates for their great potential for a widespread commercial distribution. After paving the way with new imaging tools, academic and industrial R&Ds are now focusing on the development of PSMA inhibitors labeled with alpha or beta minus emitters for a theragnostic application.

scholarly journals Theranostics: New Era in Nuclear Medicine and Radiopharmaceuticals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchal Deep Kaur ◽  
Koushlesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Anil Sahu ◽  
Rajnikant Panik ◽  
Pankaj Kashyap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Current Scenario

Malignancy and many inflammatory diseases have become a major concern for mankind over the years. The conventional therapy of these diseases lacks the effectiveness of the better diagnosis and targeted treatment of these diseases, but nuclear medicine can be regarded as a savior in the current scenario. Over the years, radioactivity of radioisotopes has been employed for treatment of many diseases. Nuclear medicines came up with radiopharmaceuticals that impart the ability to destroy specific diseased cells with high-energy-emitting radionuclides. Moreover, the emergence of theranostics, which is a combination of single drug used both for diagnostic as well as therapeutic purpose, has added a new feather in the field of nuclear medicines for providing a specific and personalized treatment to the patient. The current chapter discusses about techniques used for imaging of these radionuclides for better therapy and diagnosis of the root cause of the concerned disease by positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT as well as the advantages and disadvantages associated with them. It also describes about applications of theranostics and nuclear imaging in cancer treatment and their future perspective.

Nuclear Medicine for the Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgeon

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Serino ◽  
Kyle N. Kunze ◽  
Stephen K. Jacobsen ◽  
Joel G. Morash ◽  
George B. Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Leukocyte Scintigraphy

Nuclear medicine has been widely applied as a diagnostic tool for orthopedic foot and ankle pathology. Although its indications have diminished with improvements in and the availability of magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine still has a significant and valuable role. The present article offers a comprehensive and current review of the most common nuclear imaging modalities for the orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon. Methods discussed include bone scintigraphy, gallium citrate scintigraphy, labeled-leukocyte scintigraphy, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We review the indications and utility of these techniques as they pertain to specific foot and ankle conditions, including osteomyelitis, stress fractures, talar osteochondral lesions, complex regional pain syndrome, oncology, plantar fasciitis, and the painful total ankle arthroplasty. We conclude with a discussion of our approach to nuclear medicine with illustrative cases. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.

scholarly journals The challenging diagnosis and follow-up of skull base osteomyelitis in clinical practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice B. Auinger ◽  
Valerie Dahm ◽  
Isabella Stanisz ◽  
Ursula Schwarz-Nemec ◽  
Christoph Arnoldner
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Skull Base Osteomyelitis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies

Abstract Purpose The disease activity of skull base osteomyelitis can be challenging to assess by means of conventional imaging methods and renders monitoring of the disease difficult, especially in areas with restricted access to nuclear medicine imaging. Here, we provide clinically relevant data on the management of skull base osteomyelitis including assessment, treatment, and follow-up strategies with regards to the role of imaging. Method A chart review was performed including 30 patients treated for SBO from 1993 to 2015. Clinical findings, treatment procedures, and complication rates were assessed. Special attention was paid to imaging procedures. Results The overall mortality rate was 36.7% and increased to 45% when cranial nerve palsies were present. An initial computed tomography (CT) scan was performed in all patients, MRI in 60% and nuclear imaging in 33%. CT scans failed to detect progression or regression in up to 80% after four to nine months. MRI examinations could reveal changes at a higher rate compared to CT. Nuclear medicine functional imaging was most likely to assess disease activity. Conclusion A combination of different imaging modalities is recommended for diagnosing SBO. For the follow-up, MRI is preferable to CT as changes can be detected more readily with MRI. If available, nuclear medicine imaging should guide the decision of treatment discontinuation.

scholarly journals PET – advanced nuclear imaging technology for medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Piwowarska-Bilska ◽  
Aleksandra Supińska ◽  
Jacek Iwanowski ◽  
Adriana Tyczyńska ◽  
Bożena Birkenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Imaging Technology ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct

Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently the most advanced diagnostic imaging technology along with well-known techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Tremendous technical progress in engineering, imaging and radiopharmacy has provided the basis for impressive technological advances in the field of nuclear medicine over the past 50 years. Current nuclear medicine can be divided into 2 groups: the classic, which uses gamma-cameras for single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, and the more modern PET technique. The clinical PET technique requires: (i) patient administration of the radiopharmaceutical labelled with a positron emitter, (ii) recording of the gamma radiation emitted from the patient’s body with a dedicated PET/ CT scanner, (iii) processing and analysis of recorded images. This article presents the basics of PET technology and research, and describes new technical trends introduced by the leading manufacturers of PET/CT scanners.

scholarly journals Using Nuclear Medicine Imaging Wisely in Diagnosing Infectious Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Censullo ◽  
Tara Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Vertebral Osteomyelitis ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Joint Infections ◽  
Diabetic Foot Infections ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infections

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an increasing emphasis on efficient and accurate diagnostic testing, exemplified by the American Board of Internal Medicine’s “Choosing Wisely” campaign. Nuclear imaging studies can provide early and accurate diagnoses of many infectious disease syndromes, particularly in complex cases where the differential remains broad.This review paper offers clinicians a rational, evidence-based guide to approaching nuclear medicine tests, using an example case of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia in a patient with multiple potential sources. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) with computed tomography (CT) and sulfur colloid imaging with tagged white blood cell (WBC) scanning offer the most promise in facilitating rapid and accurate diagnoses of endovascular graft infections, vertebral osteomyelitis (V-OM), diabetic foot infections, and prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). However, radiologists at different institutions may have varying degrees of expertise with these modalities.Regardless, infectious disease consultants would benefit from knowing what nuclear medicine tests to order when considering patients with complex infectious disease syndromes.

scholarly journals Targeting HER2 in Nuclear Medicine for Imaging and Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 153601211774538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana V. F. Massicano ◽  
Bernadette V. Marquez-Nostra ◽  
Suzanne E. Lapi
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Her2 Status ◽  
Her2 Expression ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Metastatic Setting

Since its discovery, the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) has been extensively studied. Presently, there are 2 standard diagnostic techniques to assess HER2 status in biopsies: immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization. While these techniques have played an important role in the treatment of patients with HER2-positive cancer, they both require invasive biopsies for analysis. Moreover, the expression of HER2 is heterogeneous in breast cancer and can change over the course of the disease. Thus, the degree of HER2 expression in the small sample size of biopsied tumors at the time of analysis may not represent the overall status of HER2 expression in the whole tumor and in between tumor foci in the metastatic setting as the disease progresses. Unlike biopsy, molecular imaging using probes against HER2 allows for a noninvasive, whole-body assessment of HER2 status in real time. This technique could potentially select patients who may benefit from HER2-directed therapy and offer alternative treatments to those who may not benefit. Several antibodies and small molecules against HER2 have been labeled with different radioisotopes for nuclear imaging and/or therapy. This review presents the most recent advances in HER2 targeting in nuclear medicine focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.

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