Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Karbon oleh Khamir Antagonis Patogen Antraknosa

Karakterisasi morfologi khamir penting dilakukan sebagai pengenalan awal suatu isolat khamir. Sedangkan, pengamatan terhadap pemanfaatan sumber karbon digunakan untuk mengetahui sumber karbon yang dapat digunakankan oleh khamir untuk perbanyakan dan peningkatan kemampuannya sebagai agens biokontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi morfologi dan mengetahui pemanfaatan sumber karbon oleh khamir antagonis patogen antraknosa pada cabai (Colletotrichum acutatum). Karakterisasi morfologi khamir dilakukan dengan mengamati secara makroskopis koloni enam spesies khamir dalam medium PDA. Karakterisasi morfologi juga dilakukan dengan mengamati mikroskopis sel khamir di bawah mikroskop cahaya photomicrograph multi eyepiece (Zeiss Axiocam). Pengamatan pemanfaatan sumber karbon oleh khamir dilakukan dengan menggunakan BIOLOGTM (MicrologTM System, Release 5.2). Karakteristik morfologi enam spesies khamir antagonis menunjukkan bahwa koloni khamir didominasi warna krem keputihan dengan permukaan kasar, kusam, dan tepi koloni tidak rata. Karakteristik sel secara mikroskopis menunjukkan bentuk sel didominasi oleh bentuk silinder, dengan ukuran bervariasi. Sebagian besar khamir bersifat dimorfik. Pengamatan pemanfaatan sumber karbon oleh khamir antagonis menunjukkan Aureobasidium pullulans, Pseudozyma hubeiensis, Pseudozyma aphidis dan Pseudozyma shanxiensis dapat memanfaatkan 20 sumber karbon yang sama yaitu Tween 80, Arbutin, D-Gluconic Acid, D-Glucuronic Acid, D-Ribose, Salicin, ɤ-AminoButyric Acid, Bromosuccinic Acid, Fumaric Acid, β-Hydroxy Butyric Acid, L-Lactic Acid, LMalic Acid, Succinamic Acid, Succinic Acid, Alaninamide, L-Alanine, L-Aspartic Acid, LGlutamic Acid, Putrecine, dan Quinic Acid. Sedangkan, dua spesies khamir yaitu Rhodotorula minuta dan Candida tropicalis dapat memanfaatkan dua sumber karbon yang sama yaitu D-Trehalose dan D-Galactose plus D-Xylose.

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Identifikasi Isolat Khamir Berpotensi sebagai Agens Antagonis dan Uji Produksi Toksin Hemolisin

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v32i2.33849 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 190

Author(s):

Sri Hartati ◽

Suryo Wiyono ◽

Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽

Meity Suradji Sinaga

Keyword(s):

Candida Tropicalis ◽

Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽

Potato Dextrose Agar ◽

Blood Agar ◽

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Pseudozyma Aphidis ◽

Pseudozyma Hubeiensis ◽

Rhodotorula Minuta ◽

Blood Agar Base

Identifikasi khamir dapat dilakukan secara konvensional maupun molekuler. Identifikasi secara konvensional membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan interpretasi hasilnya seringkali bersifat subyektif. Sementara identifikasi khamir dengan metode molekuler dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih akurat dan cepat. Khamir yang berperan sebagai agens antagonis harus aman terhadap organisme nontarget agar dapat diaplikasikan di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi isolat-isolat khamir berpotensi antagonis dengan metode molekuler dan mengetahui kemampuan khamir dalam menghasilkan hemolisin sebagai salah satu indikator potensi resiko terhadap mamalia. Identifikasi dan pengujian kemampuan khamir dalam menghasilkan hemolisin dilakukan pada 15 isolat khamir berpotensi antagonis terhadap patogen antraknosa cabai (Colletotrichum acutatum). Identifikasi khamir dilakukan secara molekuler dengan PCR menggunakan primer ITS1 dan ITS4. Penyediaan khamir menggunakan mediaYeast Malt Extract Broth (YMB) dan Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Pengujian kemampuan khamir dalam menghasilkan hemolisin menggunakan media blood agar base (Oxoid CM55) ditambah darah domba 5%. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat khamir dapat teramplifikasi dengan primer ITS1 dan ITS4 dengan ukuran fragmen produk antara 500-800 pb. Hasil analisis sekuensing didapatkan 6 spesies khamir yaitu Candida tropicalis, Rhodotorula minuta, Aureobasidium pullulans, Pseudozyma hubeiensis, Pseudozyma aphidis, dan Pseudozyma shanxiensis. Uji kemampuan khamir dalam menghasilkan hemolisin menunjukkan bahwa seluruh khamir yang diuji tidak menghasilkan toksin hemolisin sehingga diduga isolat-isolat tersebut tidak patogenik terhadap manusia.

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Characterization of γ-Aminobutyric acid(GABA) produced by a lactic acid bacterium from button mushroom bed

Journal of Mushrooms ◽

10.14480/jm.2013.11.4.181 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 181-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yun-Seok Lee ◽

Tae-Young Song ◽

Won-Sik Kong ◽

Min-Ho Yoon

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacterium ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Button Mushroom

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Comparison of Aqueous Chemical Treatments To Eliminate Salmonella on Alfalfa Seeds

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-63.11.1475 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 1475-1482 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

W. R. WEISSINGER ◽

L. R. BEUCHAT

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Tween 80 ◽

The United States ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Minimal Effect ◽

Direct Plating ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Alfalfa Sprouts ◽

Alfalfa Seeds

Several outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with alfalfa sprouts have been documented in the United States since 1995. This study was undertaken to evaluate various chemical treatments for their effectiveness in killing Salmonella on alfalfa seeds. Immersing inoculated seeds in solutions containing 20,000 ppm free chlorine (Ca[OCl]2), 5% Na3PO4, 8% H2O2, 1% Ca(OH)2, 1% calcinated calcium, 5% lactic acid, or 5% citric acid for 10 min resulted in reductions of 2.0 to 3.2 log10 CFU/g. Treatment with 1,060 ppm Tsunami or Vortex, 1,200 ppm acidified NaClO2, or 5% acetic acid were less effective in reducing Salmonella populations. With the exceptions of 8% H2O2, 1% Ca(OH)2, and 1% calcinated calcium that reduced populations by 3.2, 2.8, and 2.9 log10 CFU/g, respectively, none of treatments reduced the number of Salmonella by more than 2.2 log10 CFU/g without significantly reducing the seed germination percentage. Treatment with 5% acetic, lactic, or citric acids substantially reduced the ability of seeds to germinate. Treatment with 1% Ca(OH)2 in combination with 1% Tween 80, a surfactant, enhanced inactivation by 1.3 log10 CFU/g compared to treatment with 1% Ca(OH)2 alone. Presoaking seeds in water, 0.1% EDTA, 1% Tween 80, or 1% Tween 80 plus 0.1% EDTA for 30 min before treatment with water, 2,000 ppm NaOCl, or 2% lactic acid had a minimal effect on reducing populations of Salmonella. Results indicate that, although several chemical treatments cause reductions in Salmonella populations of up to 3.2 log10 CFU/g initially on alfalfa seeds when analyzed by direct plating, no treatment eliminated the pathogen, as evidenced by detection in enriched samples.

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Evaluation of factors that influence the L-glutamic and γ-aminobutyric acid production duringHericium erinaceusfermentation by lactic acid bacteria

CyTA - Journal of Food ◽

10.1080/19476337.2015.1042525 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 47-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sasimar Woraharn ◽

Narissara Lailerd ◽

Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽

Wiwat Wangcharoen ◽

Sophon Sirisattha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Acid Production ◽

Aminobutyric Acid

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153 Sperm metabolomic landscape associated with bull fertility

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv31n1ab153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

E. Menezes ◽

F. Santos ◽

A. Velho ◽

T. Dinh ◽

A. Kaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Lactic Acid ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Benzoic Acid ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

General Decline ◽

Bull Sperm

Sub-fertility fertility in bulls decreases the efficiency and profitability of cattle production because AI allows a single bull to inseminate thousands of cows. In recent decades, there has been a general decline in fertility of bulls, even among those exhibiting normal sperm motility and morphology. Despite advances in technology and knowledge, molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms underlying the causes of low fertility in bulls are currently unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify sperm metabolites associated with fertility in Holstein bulls. The metabolome of sperm from 10 mature bulls with high fertility (HF, n=5) and low fertility (LF, n=5) was identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Bull fertility was based on the sire conception rates deviating from the average. Statistical analysis was performed by using MetaboAnalyst 3.0 (http://www.metaboanalyst.ca/). A total of 22 metabolites were detected and categorized according to their major chemical classes, including amino acids, peptides/analogues, carbohydrates/carbohydrate conjugates, fatty acids, steroids/steroid derivatives, keto acids and derivatives, carboxylic acids, and other organic and inorganic compounds. Organic acids and derivatives as well as fatty acids were the major compounds in bull spermatozoa. Seven organic acids and derivatives were detected, including benzoic acid, carbonate, carbamate dimethyl, carbamate trimethyl, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and urea. Five fatty acids were identified including oleic acid, oleanitrile, nonanoic acid, and palmitic acid. Oleic acid, phosphoric acid, phosphine, carbamate trimethyl, and glycerol were the most abundant metabolites in bull sperm, whereas benzoic acid, acetic acid, l-serine, carbamate, and 2-ketobutyric acid were the least predominant metabolites present in bull sperm. Multivariate analysis (partial least squares-discriminant analysis) of the sperm metabolome showed a clear separation between HF and LF bulls. Variable importance in projection (VIP) score demonstrated that metabolites with VIP >1.5 were gamma-aminobutyric acid (VIP=2.01), carbamate trimethyl (VIP=1.88), benzoic acid (VIP=1.86), and lactic acid (VIP=1.81). Abundance ratios of gamma-aminobutyric acid, carbamate trimethyl, benzoic acid, and lactic acid was greater in HF bulls compared with LF animals. According to univariate analysis, abundance ratios of gamma-aminobutyric acid (P=0.03) and carbamate trimethyl (P=0.047) were greater in HF than in LF bulls. Gamma-aminobutyric acid was positively correlated with carbamate trimethyl (r=0.94; P<0.0001) and benzoic acid (r=0.74; P=0.0139). Benzoic acid was positively correlated with carbamate trimethyl (r=0.75; P=0.0107) and carbamate dimethyl (r=0.68; P=0.0274). The identified metabolites can serve as potential markers to evaluate semen quality and predict bull fertility.

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Biodiversity andγ-Aminobutyric Acid Production by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Traditional Alpine Raw Cow’s Milk Cheeses

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/625740 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Elena Franciosi ◽

Ilaria Carafa ◽

Tiziana Nardin ◽

Silvia Schiavon ◽

Elisa Poznanski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Raw Cow’S Milk

“Nostrano-cheeses” are traditional alpine cheeses made from raw cow’s milk in Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy. This study identified lactic acid bacteria (LAB) developing during maturation of “Nostrano-cheeses” and evaluated their potential to produceγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an immunologically active compound and neurotransmitter. Cheese samples were collected on six cheese-making days, in three dairy factories located in different areas of Trentino and at different stages of cheese ripening (24 h, 15 days, and 1, 2, 3, 6, and 8 months). A total of 1,059 LAB isolates were screened using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) and differentiated into 583 clusters. LAB strains from dominant clusters (n=97) were genetically identified to species level by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. LAB species most frequently isolated wereLactobacillus paracasei,Streptococcus thermophilus, andLeuconostoc mesenteroides. The 97 dominant clusters were also characterized for their ability in producing GABA by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). About 71% of the dominant bacteria clusters evolving during cheeses ripening were able to produce GABA. Most GABA producers wereLactobacillus paracaseibut other GABA producing species includedLactococcus lactis,Lactobacillus plantarum,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Pediococcus pentosaceus, andStreptococcus thermophilus. NoEnterococcus faecalisorSc. macedonicusisolates produced GABA. The isolate producing the highest amount of GABA (80.0±2.7 mg/kg) was aSc. thermophilus.

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Synthesis of γ-Aminobutyric Acid by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from a Variety of Italian Cheeses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01064-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 73 (22) ◽

pp. 7283-7290 ◽

Cited By ~ 232

Author(s):

S. Siragusa ◽

M. De Angelis ◽

R. Di Cagno ◽

C. G. Rizzello ◽

R. Coda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Lactobacillus Brevis ◽

Amino Acid Sequences ◽

Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Nucleotide Sequence Analysis ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gaba A ◽

Health Promoting

ABSTRACT The concentrations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in 22 Italian cheese varieties that differ in several technological traits markedly varied from 0.26 to 391 mg kg−1. Presumptive lactic acid bacteria were isolated from each cheese variety (total of 440 isolates) and screened for the capacity to synthesize GABA. Only 61 isolates showed this activity and were identified by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Twelve species were found. Lactobacillus paracasei PF6, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PR1, Lactococcus lactis PU1, Lactobacillus plantarum C48, and Lactobacillus brevis PM17 were the best GABA-producing strains during fermentation of reconstituted skimmed milk. Except for L. plantarum C48, all these strains were isolated from cheeses with the highest concentrations of GABA. A core fragment of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) DNA was isolated from L. paracasei PF6, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PR1, L. lactis PU1, and L. plantarum C48 by using primers based on two highly conserved regions of GAD. A PCR product of ca. 540 bp was found for all the strains. The amino acid sequences deduced from nucleotide sequence analysis showed 98, 99, 90, and 85% identity to GadB of L. plantarum WCFS1 for L. paracasei PF6, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus PR1, L. lactis PU1, and L. plantarum C48, respectively. Except for L. lactis PU1, the three lactobacillus strains survived and synthesized GABA under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The findings of this study provide a potential basis for exploiting selected cheese-related lactobacilli to develop health-promoting dairy products enriched in GABA.

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