Development of adsorption ratio equation and state equation of liquid and their geological signiﬁcance

The problem of the integrated guidance and control (IGC) design for strap-down missile with the field-of-view (FOV) constraint is solved by using the integral barrier Lyapunov function (iBLF) and the sliding mode control theory. Firstly, the nonlinear and uncertainty state equation with non-strict feedback form for IGC design is derived by using the strap-down decoupling strategy. Secondly, a novel adaptive finite time disturbance observer is proposed to estimate the uncertainties based on an improved adaptive gain super twisting algorithm. Thirdly, the special time-varying sliding variable is designed and the iBLF is employed to handle the problem of FOV constraint. Theoretical derivation and simulation show that the IGC system is globally uniformly ultimately bounded and the FOV angle constraint is also guaranteed not only during the reaching phase but also during the sliding mode phase.

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Advanced Power Line Diagnostics Using Point Cloud Data—Possible Applications and Limits

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13101880 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1880

Author(s):

Marek Siranec ◽

Marek Höger ◽

Alena Otcenasova

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

State Equation ◽

Power Line ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Digital Model ◽

Assessment Process ◽

Technical Standards ◽

Systematic Analysis ◽

Cloud Data ◽

Input Parameters

The advance in remote sensing techniques, especially the development of LiDAR scanning systems, allowed the development of new methods for power line corridor surveys using a digital model of the powerline and its surroundings. The advanced diagnostic techniques based on the acquired conductor geometry recalculation to extreme operating and climatic conditions were proposed using this digital model. Although the recalculation process is relatively easy and straightforward, the uncertainties of input parameters used for the recalculation can significantly compromise such recalculation accuracy. This paper presents a systematic analysis of the accuracy of the recalculation affected by the inaccuracies of the conductor state equation input variables. The sensitivity of the recalculation to the inaccuracy of five basic input parameters was tested (initial temperature and mechanical tension, elasticity modulus, specific gravity load and tower span) by comparing the conductor sag values when input parameters were affected by a specific inaccuracy with an ideal sag-tension table. The presented tests clearly showed that the sag recalculation inaccuracy must be taken into account during the safety assessment process, as the sag deviation can, in some cases, reach values comparable to the minimal clearance distances specified in the technical standards.

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