scholarly journals O OLHO DO ESPÍRITO

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 116-135
Author(s):  
Patrícia Lucchesi Barbosa
Keyword(s):  

No presente artigo pretendemos demonstrar que a filosofia é, para Platão uma ‘terapia da alma’, ao proporcionar a ordenação de seus movimentos, tal como uma espiral ascendente. Consideramos o termo movimento (kínesis), em sentido grego, não apenas o deslocamento no espaço, mas também a alteração dos estados qualitativos e as ações da alma. Para tal ordenação seja possível se faz necessário ativar na alma uma capacidade de visão de conjunto, tal como um ‘olho do espírito’, o noûs. A dialética é a metodologia proposta por Platão para que essa finalidade seja exequível, de tal modo que as potências superiores da alma sejam ativadas, especialmente a memória de sua origem imortal e divina. Para que alcancemos esse objetivo faremos inicialmente uma breve excursão pela cosmologia dos pré-socráticos e pela sabedoria popular a fim de evidenciar a universalidade do saber acerca da alma, para que, em seguida, possamos caracterizar a proposta da dialética em Platão, evidenciando o papel do noûs. Palavras-chave: Alma. Dialética. Imortalidade, Noûs.   Abstract In this article we intend to demonstrate that philosophy is, for Plato, a “therapy of the soul”, by providing ordering of its movements, as in an ascending spiral. We have considered the terminology movement (kínesis), on its Greek meaning, not only the displacement in space, but also the changing in qualitative states and the actions of the soul. For that ordering to be achieved it is necessary to activate in the soul an ability of joined vision, as a “spirit’s eye”, the noûs. Dialectics is the methodology proposed by Plato in order to make possible the execution of that goal, in a way that the upper potencies of the soul are able to be activated, especially memory and its immortal and divide origin. To accomplish that goal, we will at first take a brief tour of pre-Socratic cosmology and of folk wisdom in order to highlight the universality of the knowledge of the soul, and afterwards to characterize the proposition of Plato’s dialectics, highlighting the role of the nous Keywords: Soul, Dialectics, Immortality, Noûs.

Author(s):  
Елена Панова ◽  
Elena Panova

The article discusses the problem of relations between literature and folklore, as well as the role of folk tales about treasures and treasure hunters in the artistic structure of texts for children. Writers often turn to the genre of legend, not only in order to create an adventure intrigue, but also with the ideological and upbringing goals and objectives. Appeal to the folklore helps the author to revive people’s ideals and folk wisdom in the new direction, corresponding to its ideological and artistic, ethical and aesthetic preferences. P. Bazhov echoes folk wisdom, legends about treasures and treasure hunters in his "Tales". The poor is rewarded as a rule, for his best qualities: tolerance, humility, diligence and kindness. In "the Bronze bird" by A. Rybakov, the treasure is distributed in accordance with other ideological and artistic goals and objectives that the author aims to solve. The New Soviet government gets the treasure, because in accordance with the new ideology not a specific person must be rich, but the society as a whole. The individual is understood the moral in that case, if he cares not about personal enrichment and prosperity, but about the construction of the new Soviet State. In American novel for children by Mark Twain «The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" finding the treasure by the guys has a different meaning: pragmatic ordering money guys ensure themselves a prosperous future. In General, the author's appeal to the genre about treasures and treasure hunters in children's literature is not only hedonistic, but also upbringing in nature.


2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
S. Zhirenov ◽  
◽  
А. Smanova ◽  
Zh. Nebesaeva ◽  
◽  
...  

The article considers the coding of the system of national values in Kazakh art and their linguistic expression in the linguocultural aspect. There is a linguistic representation of the place of art in the national culture, the activity of cultural values in the worldview of the ethnos. If the indicator of the culture of an ethnos is cultural values, then the value of cultural values is determined by language. Art is an indicator of cultural and social life, endowed with the ancient cultural and spiritual value of the national existence of the ethnos. Considering that different forms of art and their compositions are marked and distinguished by language, the article analyzes in detail the question of the relationship of art to language, language to art. The existence of such categories as the history of a nation and the ethics of words, culture and art of an ethnos, aesthetic cognition and taste, folk wisdom and spiritual food is considered in the existence of a language. The role of language in expressing the essence of art is described in detail.


2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
G. Oralova ◽  

The article analyzes the role of Yerimbet Kuldeybekuly in aitys. The individual character of the poet, the essence and art of execution in the written aitys of Yerimbet Akyn were determined. The genre and cognitive nature of Yerimbet Kuldeibekuly's works in the field of letters is studied. Yerimbet Kuldeibekuly's contribution to the literature, culture and spirituality of the nation is determined through written aitys.The worldview of Yerimbet's creativity, performing aitys according to the system of riddles and answers, is analyzed. The peculiarities of Yerimbet Kuldeibekuly's enigmatic aitys, which show the continuity of a certain literary and creative environment, are analyzed, the nature of the tradition of the leading poets in the creation and solution of the enigmatic aitys is confirmed. In the ideological and compositional network of written aitys the description of the tradition of glorification of pedagogical personalities of the enlightened persons in the Zhyrau-poetic, oratory tradition of the Kazakh people is described.The aesthetic meaning of the poetic linguistic use of the aitys of Yerimbet akyn, the semantic meaning of the figurative word usage are highlighted. The nature of the creative individuality of the poet Yerimbet as a literary critic of the epoch in which he lived, the essence of the use of poetic language was determined. The examples of folk wisdom used to expand the poetic thought were considered in the context of the continuation of the tradition of skillful use of proverbs in combination with skill.


JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Whiten

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Parr

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.


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