scholarly journals UPBRINGING RESOURCE OF FOLK TALES ABOUT TREASURES AND TREASURE HUNTERS IN FICTION FOR CHILDREN (BASED ON THE NOVEL BY A. N. RYBAKOV "BRONZE BIRD")

2018 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Елена Панова ◽  
Elena Panova
Keyword(s):  
Mark Twain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
Folk Wisdom ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The article discusses the problem of relations between literature and folklore, as well as the role of folk tales about treasures and treasure hunters in the artistic structure of texts for children. Writers often turn to the genre of legend, not only in order to create an adventure intrigue, but also with the ideological and upbringing goals and objectives. Appeal to the folklore helps the author to revive people’s ideals and folk wisdom in the new direction, corresponding to its ideological and artistic, ethical and aesthetic preferences. P. Bazhov echoes folk wisdom, legends about treasures and treasure hunters in his "Tales". The poor is rewarded as a rule, for his best qualities: tolerance, humility, diligence and kindness. In "the Bronze bird" by A. Rybakov, the treasure is distributed in accordance with other ideological and artistic goals and objectives that the author aims to solve. The New Soviet government gets the treasure, because in accordance with the new ideology not a specific person must be rich, but the society as a whole. The individual is understood the moral in that case, if he cares not about personal enrichment and prosperity, but about the construction of the new Soviet State. In American novel for children by Mark Twain «The Adventures of Tom Sawyer" finding the treasure by the guys has a different meaning: pragmatic ordering money guys ensure themselves a prosperous future. In General, the author's appeal to the genre about treasures and treasure hunters in children's literature is not only hedonistic, but also upbringing in nature.

scholarly journals The Logical Basis of a Literary Text, or What Does Porfiry Petrovich Hide in F. M. Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment”?

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-259
Author(s):  
Valentina E. Vetlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Crime Fiction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Logical Basis ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Individual

<p>The article explores the role of logical connections in an epic text. It is these connections, according to the author of the article, that connect the individual components of the narrative (motifs, complexes of motifs) and make up in the reader&rsquo;s perception for the missing elements. The reticence and failures to mention, common in fiction, appear in the narrative for various reasons. Sometimes due to the aesthetic principles of the writer who prefers ambiguity to a completed statement depriving readers of the opportunity to finish thinking over a vague idea. And sometimes, due to the author&rsquo;s conviction that there is no need to explain the idea implied by what has been earlier said. But it also happens that the omissions in the narrative are engendered by the requirements for the presentation of a chosen topic, for example in crime fiction. But these reasons may go together as it occurs in Crime and Punishment. These ideas are illustrated by the analysis of one of the themes of the novel Crime and Punishment.</p>

scholarly journals Lingual Aspects of Mystical Narration in V. Shevchuk’s Novel “The Beginning of Horror”

2020 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
Florij Batsevych
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unreliable Narrator ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Christian View ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Individual

In recent decades, the researchers of artistic stories have paid their attention to the narrative analysis of a set of weird texts of mystical and absurd content, works of “black humour”, fantastic (khymerna) prose created by a non-anthropic narrator or by an author in a changed state of consciousness. These texts serve the field of actualizing atypical and non-usual narrative structures, the sphere of meaningful changes within the bounds of narrative categories and, which is important, of forming special communicative senses of aesthetic nature. The basic problems of the linguistic analysis of “unnatural” stories are identifying the types of changes in the narration constituents, reasons of these changes and narrative categories (first of all, events, participants, objects, chronotope characteristics, points of view, moduses, modalities, etc.). The article analyses one of the texts of mystical content aiming at the revealing of some specificities of the structure and functioning of the so-called “unnatural artistic narrations”. The object of the research is V. Shevchuk’s novel “The Beginning of Horror”. The subject of the analysis is lingual means of the narrative structure formation, the author’s objectification of the mystical artistic sense and lingual “signals” of a reader’s perception of these senses. The most important semantic means of creating mystical atmosphere of the story are predicates that ascribe the names of their referents atypical dynamic and static features connected with the Christian view of the infernal world. It helps to form narrative events that root in weird situations, which cannot take place in reality. Non-dispositional nature of these situations correlates with the reference to the mystery that goes far beyond the bounds of a usual perceptive and psycho-mental background. Among the pragmatic means of creating mystical atmosphere of the main hero’s story as well as of the novel in general, we specify the individual inimitative perception of the flow of time and modality of “real unreality” formed by the role of an unreliable narrator and a vague point of view of the described event with its perceptive, ideological and time planes of objectification. Due to the increasing interest to various expressions of the esoteric, the increase of the number of artistic works of such content and growth of their popularity, we consider it topical to proceed in further investigations of lingual-narrative aspects of “unnatural” stories, in particular, the ones with the modus of mystical in them.

Modulation of factor VII levels by intron 7 polymorphisms: population and in vitro studies

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 3423-3428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Pinotti ◽  
Raffaella Toso ◽  
Domenico Girelli ◽  
Debora Bindini ◽  
Paolo Ferraresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Fvii Deficiency ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Previous studies have established that factor VII gene (F7) polymorphisms (5′F7 and R353Q) contribute about one-third of factor VII (FVII) level variation in plasma. However, F7 genotyping in patients with cardiovascular disease has produced conflicting results. Population and expression studies were used to investigate the role of intron 7 (IVS7 ) polymorphisms, including repeat and sequence variations, in controlling activated FVII (FVIIa) and antigen (FVIIag) levels. Genotype–phenotype studies performed in 438 Italian subjects suggested a positive relation between the IVS7 repeat number and FVII levels. The lowest values were associated with theIVS7 + 7G allele. The screening of 52 patients with mild FVII deficiency showed an 8-fold increase in frequency (8%) of this allele, and among heterozygotes for identical mutations, lower FVII levels were observed in the IVS7 + 7G carriers. This frequent genetic component participates in the phenotypic heterogeneity of FVII deficiency. The evaluation of the individual contribution of polymorphisms was assisted by the expression of each IVS7variant, as a minigene, in eukaryotic cells. The novel quantitative analysis revealed that higher numbers of repeats were associated with higher mRNA expression levels and that the IVS7 + 7Gallele, previously defined as a functionally silent polymorphism, was responsible for the lowest relative mRNA expression. Taken together, these findings indicate that the IVS7 polymorphisms contribute to the plasmatic variance of FVII levels via differential efficiency of mRNA splicing. These studies provide further elements to understand the control of FVII levels, which could be of importance to ensure the hemostatic balance under pathologic conditions.

Meningkatkan Peran Mobilisasi Sosial dalam Membentuk Sinergi antara Pemerintah dan Non-Govermental Organization (NGO) dalam Upaya Pemberdayaan Ekonomi di Daerah Tertinggal

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
M. Aulia Rachman ◽  
Syamsuddin Syamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Individual

Economic empowerment becomes an important aspect of economic development by summarizing social and economic values. This concept provides new activities for development, which are "social participation, productivity, empowering, and sustainable". The role of empowerment is also an effort to foster participation and independence to provide an impact on the individual, group, institutional and community level to have much better welfare. Governments and NGOs have an important role as stakeholders in enhancing empowerment, especially for the poor and disadvantaged areas. To support the potential and equity of empowerment, it needs an inherent form between institutions and NGOs in the program. In writing this paper will provide an overview of the empowerment program initiated by NGOs or government and provide the idea of synergy between institutions to maximize the expected output. The purpose of writing this paper is to be able to see the potential and development of economic empowerment implemented by institutions and NGOs, and provide strategies to establish synergies between institutions and government institutions.

Individual author’s phraseology in I. S. Turgenev’s novel "Home of the Gentry" ("Dvoryanskoe gnezdo")

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
E. A. Shumskikh
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Space ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Common Variants ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Language System ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

The paper focuses on a variety of methods used by I. S. Turgenev to transform the phraseological units (PU) in his novel "Home of the Gentry" ("Dvoryanskoe gnezdo"). It is noted that it is those phraseological unities which in the language system display variation that are, as a rule, subject to transformations in the novel. Continuous sampling was employed to detect and analyse the individual author’s phraseological units while studying the text of the novel. Additionally, the common and occasional variants of such phraseological units were compared by means of referring to dictionaries. The paper highlights the mechanism of the author’s transformation of Russian phraseological units, i. e. shows the peculiarities of building occasional phraseological semantics in the text. Moreover, word-forming and morphological modifications of the common variants of phraseological units, the syntagmatic peculiarities of individual author’s idioms are described. The study investigates the role of occasional phraseologisation in the semantic space of the novel and comprehensively defines the structural-semantic and expressive-stylistic characteristics of occasional phraseological units.

Venedikt Yerofeev, Moscow–Petushki (1970): self and others

2018 ◽  
pp. 176-194
Author(s):  
Steven Earnshaw
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual

In Venedikt Yerofeev’s Moscow Stations the character Venichka, a version of the author, takes an increasingly surreal train ride towards Petushki, a town at the end of a Moscow line which he believes to be like paradise. Unlike other drinker novels where the committed central drinker’s behaviour is regarded as outside social norms, Venichka is surrounded by like-minded Russian souls who also drink continuously. One of the central conceits of the novel explored in this chapter is thus the role of Venichka as a Russian everyman who is simultaneously alienated from the State, and paradoxically also from the people – drinking is his chosen vocation rather than a means of dulling self-medication. Venichka’s alienation is manifest in his ongoing argument with God, Russia and Fate. The chapter assesses how the novel refuses to privilege rationality, philosophy or empiricism in its determination to fully exist in a country/world which lacks any kind of coherence, and offers a comparison between this novel and Exley’s A Fan’s Notes in their treatment of the individual, drink, and the Nation State.

scholarly journals Orwellʼs Panoptic Society: Methods of Gaining and Maintaining Power in Nineteen Eighty-Four

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 299-319
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Stojanović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Relations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Disciplinary Power ◽  
Totalitarian Regime ◽  
Group Psychology ◽  
Entire Society ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

The goal of the paper is to demonstrate Orwell’s society as a panoptic one, employing all of the elements of Jeremy Bentham’s Panoptical model, as well as presenting it through Foucault’s conception of the shift from punishment to discipline as stated in Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. Panopticon will be presented not as a model of a prison as it was initially intended to be, but as a concept which can be applied to the entire society. The two types of power, the power of sovereignty and disciplinary power shall be applied to the novel with the aim of finding parallels between the two mentioned systems, as well as some possible contraditions and deciding which system is in place in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Constant surveillance, establishing routines and controlling activity will be discussed in terms of mechanisms for gaining and maintaining power. Hate is seen as another mechanism for establishing power and one of the key emotions implemented in group psychology of a totalitarian regime. We shall discuss the role of the collective and the individual in power relations and the way they form ”collective individualism” – a society in which one may notice both a unity of the group and an isolated individual.

scholarly journals Role of dynamic group therapy in psychiatry

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Individual Therapy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Position ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Poor Relation ◽  
Extreme View

Group psychotherapy is one of the most widely practised treatment methods in psychiatry, with an extensive literature, but it has long been regarded as the poor relation to individual therapy. Nineteenth-century ideas about the primacy of the individual, taken up by psychoanalysis, continue to dominate Western culture. Mrs Thatcher's famous remark “I don't believe in society. There is no such thing, only individual people, and there are families” (Women's Own, 31 October 1987) typifies the extreme view in which the self and the individual's needs are paramount and are set above those of the group. Foulkes in the 1950s had put forward the opposite position, arguing that there is no such thing as an individual that exists apart from and outside the social (Foulkes, 1948; Foulkes & Anthony, 1957).

scholarly journals The Philosophy of Existentialism in the Magus - the Motifs of Freedom and Suicide

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Pticina
Keyword(s):  
Future Generations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
John Fowles ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

John Fowles’ literary opus is largely based on the philosophy of existentialism, with the motifs of freedom and suicide serving as its focal points, both closely related to freedom of choice and seen as crucial to the existentialist movement, as well as the author himself. This paper analyses Fowles’ novel The Magus through the prism of existentialism, which means that the basic existentialist concepts are identified and located within its text, as well as the influences of the key figures of this movement. The motifs of freedom and freedom of choice in context are interpreted and linked to the theories of Freud and Jung while special emphasis is placed on the role of the anima, that is, the female principle inside the male subconsciousness. This is precisely why a separate section of this paper is dedicated to female protagonists and their role in the novel. In his works, Fowles puts an emphasis on the freedom of the individual, which is portrayed through the freedom of the mind, ideas, choice and spirit. It is cruel, always demanding action as well as acceptance and adaptation. By remodelling our own character, we also remodel the future generations and our visions of the world. The protagonist in this novel is chosen to remodel his own character, to turn from a collector into a creator, to stop depriving people of the content and to bring about a positive creative act instead. Human border acts such as suicide also belong to this field of interest. There are three cases of suicide in The Magus and this paper analyses their role as a symbol of the protagonist’s metamorphosis upon threading onto the mythical ground.

scholarly journals Becoming God: Cycles of Rebirth and Resurrection in Their Eyes Were Watching God

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Kaitlynn N Milvert
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Oral Narrative ◽  
External Control ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
American Novels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Forces

This paper reexamines African-American writer and anthropologist Zora Neale Hurston’s presentation of the self in Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937), generally considered one of the most important African-American novels of the twentieth century. Originally criticized by Hurston’s contemporaries as a retrograde folk portrait of African-American life, Their Eyes presents the oral narrative of Hurston’s protagonist, Janie, a woman surrounded by natural and social cycles. Building on the novel’s allusive title and the convergent Biblical and folkloric frameworks of the work, I trace the evolving concept of “God” throughout the novel as external forces continually shape and reshape Janie’s world for her, questioning whether she can retain any individual agency navigating through these cyclical, predetermined pathways. The redefined vision of the individual that emerges from this reading counters the criticism of Hurston’s contemporaries, as Janie herself assumes the role of “God” at the novel’s conclusion and gains the power to create her own cycles, free from external control. I thus argue that the novel transcends its supposed function as a depiction of the African-American self to make a broader, humanistic claim for the power of the individual, not contingent on social distinctions. 

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