scholarly journals Association between Testicular Appendix and Undescended Testicle in children: A comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Kevin Emeka Chukwubuike ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Undescended Testicle ◽  
Appendix Testis

The appendix testis may be involved in the normal testicular descent and there are reports of decreased incidence of appendix testis in children with undescended testis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of appendix testis in children with undescended testis in comparison to the incidence in children with normally descended testis.

scholarly journals The Role of the Appendix Testis in Normal Testicular Descent: Is There a Connection?

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zlatan Zvizdic ◽  
Dragana Zivkovic ◽  
Jasmin Sabanovic ◽  
Emir Milisic
Keyword(s):  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Separate Entity ◽  
Undescended Testes ◽  
Internal Inguinal Ring ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Appendix Testis

Objective. The presence of testicular appendices was prospectively evaluated in 89 boys with 96 undescended testes who underwent orchidopexy over the period of 4 years.Results. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A included 42 boys with 49 undescended testes positioned close to the internal inguinal ring, and Group B included 47 boys with 47 undescended testes close to the external inguinal ring. The incidence of appendix testis (AT) in Group A was 57.1% (28 in 49) and 78.7% (37 in 47) in Group B. The results of our study showed significantly decreased incidence of testicular appendices in undescended testes positioned close to the internal inguinal ring compared with undescended testes positioned close to the external inguinal ring (p<0.05).Conclusion. AT may play a role in normal testicular descent and the undescended testis positioned close to the external inguinal ring can be considered as a separate entity of the true congenital undescended testis.

Association of antimullerian hormone with the size of the appendix testis, the androgen and estrogen receptors and their expression in the appendix testis, in congenital cryptorchidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xenophon Sinopidis ◽  
Eirini Kostopoulou ◽  
Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil ◽  
Antonios Panagidis ◽  
Eleni Kourea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Antimullerian Hormone ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
Score Method ◽  
Antimüllerian Hormone ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism ◽  
Appendix Testis

Abstract Objectives Antimullerian hormone (AMH) causes regression of the mullerian ducts in the male fetus. The appendix testis (AT) is a vestigial remnant of mullerian duct origin, containing both androgen (AR) and estrogen (ER) receptors. The role of both AMH and AT in testicular descent is yet to be studied. We investigated the possible association of AMH with AT size, the AR and ER, and their expression in the AT, in congenital cryptorchidism. Methods A total of 26 patients with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism and 26 controls with orthotopic testes were investigated, and 21 ATs were identified in each group. AMH and insulin-like three hormone (INSL3) concentrations were measured with spectrophotometry. AR and ER receptor expression was assessed with immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies R441 for AR and MAB463 for ER. For the estimation of receptor expression, the Allred Score method was used. Results AMH concentrations did not present significant differences between patients with congenital cryptorchidism and the controls. Also, no correlation was found between AMH, INSL3, and AT length. Allred scores did not present significant differences. However, expression percentiles and intensity for both receptors presented significant differences. Three children with cryptorchidism and the highest AMH levels also had the highest estrogen receptor scores in the AT. Conclusions No association was found between AMH and the studied major parameters. However, higher AMH concentrations, in combination with higher estrogen receptor scores in the AT, may play a role in cryptorchidism in some children. Larger population samples are needed to verify this observation.

53 Fertility in men with acquired undescended testis, where spontaneous testicular descent was awaited until puberty: Spontaneous descend versus orchiopexy

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e53-e53a
Author(s):  
Brakel J. Van ◽  
R. Kranse ◽  
S.M.P.F. De Muinck Keizer-Schrama ◽  
C.H. Bangma ◽  
F.W.J. Hazebroek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Testicular Descent

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Single Scrotal Incision Orchiopexy of Children with Palpable Low-Lying Undescended Testis with Traditional Inguinal Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Davud Badbarin ◽  
Seyed Ehsan Mousavi Toomatari ◽  
Saeed Aslanabadi ◽  
Ebrahim Farhadi ◽  
Sara Akhavan Salamat
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Undescended Testis

Putting the pieces together: cryptorchidism – do we know everything?

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Diana Komarowska ◽  
Adam Hermanowicz ◽  
Wojciech Debek
Keyword(s):  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Health It ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

AbstractCryptorchidism is one of the most common birth defects in male children, and it has a potential impact on future health. It is the best-characterized risk factor for reduced fertility and testicular cancer. However, the etiology of cryptorchidism remains largely unknown. In the literature, we find different opinions and theories on this topic. Probably, the etiology is multifactorial, and hormonal, genetic and environmental factors may regulate testicular development and descent from intra-abdominal location into the bottom of the scrotum. The descent of the testis is a complex, two-stage process. A critical role in testicular descent has been attributed to androgens, insulin-like hormone 3 (insl3) and anti-Müllerian hormone. It is believed that interaction between Leydig and Sertoli cells may cause impaired spermatogenesis. Based on recent knowledge of germ cell development, it is believed that the best treatment for undescended testis is orchiopexy between 6th and 12th month of life. Long follow-up studies are needed to focus on the effect of this recommendation.

Hormonal control of testicular descent and the cause of cryptorchidism

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Hutson ◽  
M Baker ◽  
M Terada ◽  
B Zhou ◽  
G Paxton
Keyword(s):  
Undescended Testis ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Androgen Resistance ◽  
Androgen Levels

This paper briefly reviews the literature on testicular descent and presents new observations from the authors' laboratory which suggest new ways of looking at old problems. There is now good evidence that testicular descent occurs in two morphologically and hormonally distinct phases. Relative 'transabdominal migration' of the testis compared with the ovary occurs at 10-15 weeks of gestation in the human and 'inguinoscrotal' migration occurs at 26-35 weeks of gestation. We have proposed previously that the first phase is controlled by Mullerian inhibiting substance although this remains controversial. The second phase is androgen dependent and is possibly mediated indirectly through the release from the genitofemoral nerve (GFN) of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Recently we have used three different rodent models of undescended testis to determine the involvement of the GNF and/or CGRP. The testicular feminization mouse with complete androgen resistance and the rat exposed prenatally to the antiandrogen flutamide have a deficiency of CGRP in the GFN. In contrast, the mutant trans-scrotal rat which has normal androgen levels has an excess of CGRP in the GFN. All cryptorchidism models, despite their different primary cause, have in common an abnormality of the GNF and/or CGRP which is consistent with the hypothesis that normal testicular descent in the rodent may be mediated by the GFN.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Undescended Testis in Infants, Single Scrotal Incision Orchiopexy Versus Traditional Inguinal Approach: A Comparative Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Omar Atef Elekiabi ◽  
Ehab Mahroos Oraby ◽  
Mohamed Abdallah Zaitoun ◽  
Abdelwahab Saleh Almoregy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Undescended Testis

New insights into the expression of androgen and estrogen receptors of the appendix testis in congenital cryptorchidism

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Xenophon Sinopidis ◽  
Antonios Panagidis ◽  
Eleni Kourea ◽  
Eirini Kostopoulou ◽  
Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unilateral Cryptorchidism ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Er Expression ◽  
Appendix Testis

AbstractBackgroundThe appendix testis (AT) is the most common vestigial remnant of the human testis. Variations in the presence and expression of AT androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor (ER) have been reported in cryptorchidism. We studied the possible association of AR and ER expression of the AT with cryptorchidism.MethodsATs were resected from 40 boys who underwent inguinoscrotal surgery, (20 patients with congenital unilateral cryptorchidism [UC] and 20 controls with orthotopic testes and hydrocele). AR and ER expression was evaluated with immunohistochemistry, and the percentage and intensity of AR and ER expression were evaluated by the Allred scoring method. AT length was compared between the two groups. Correlation of AR and ER expression was evaluated independently in patients and controls.ResultsThe Allred score for AR trended toward lower values in UC compared to controls (p = 0.193), while ER scores presented statistically significant lower values in UC compared to controls (p = 0.017). No significant difference or trend was found in the expression of both receptors between high and low cryptorchidism (p = 0.981 for AR, p = 0.824 for ER) and for the appendiceal length between UC and controls (p = 0.369).ConclusionsThe findings of a trend for lower AR expression and a statistically significant lower expression of ER in UC may suggest an association of AR and ER with cryptorchidism and may provide an insight into the process of testicular descent.

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