scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RELIABILITY OF AUTOMATIC CORE PROTECTION FUNCTION OF THE REACTOR V-412 IN RESPONSE TO LOCAL PARAMETERS: MAXIMUM LINEAR POWER, DEPARTURE FROM NUCLEATE BOILING RATIO

2021 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
S.S. Lys ◽  
M.M. Semerak ◽  
A.I. Kanyuka
Keyword(s):  
Data Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
World Market ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Engineering Solution ◽  
Time Parameters ◽  
Local Parameters

The research subject is finding an engineering solution for V-412 core automatic protection during operation in both steady-state and transient conditions within ICIS using local parameters (i.e. maximum linear power, departure from nucleate boiling ratio). Such engineering solution will be implemented by safety system software-hardware (PTK-Z) on the basis of signals coming from in-core neutron flux detectors, temperature sensors, primary coolant flow and coolant pressure transducers. Calculated survey of possibility to use Kalman filters or corrective filter to eliminate time delay in SPND signals was carried out. The inaccuracy in the method of maximum linear power monitoring was determined. This work shows that the solution was found using the practice of in-core instrumentation, and ICIS designing and operation with improved metrology, reliability and time parameters and using advanced data communication technologies intended for important challenges of the world market, and as a response to standards.

Modeling of Porous Crud Layer Based on Effects of Diffusion and Water Radiolysis on Anomalous Porous Crud Deposition on Fuel Pin Surfaces in PWRs

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jong Joe ◽  
Barclay G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Water Radiolysis ◽  
Trace Impurities ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Fuel Pin ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Water Reactors ◽  
Coolant System

Many studies have been undertaken to understand crud formation on the upper spans of fuel pin clad surfaces, which is called axial offset anomaly (AOA), is observed in pressurized water reactors (PWR) as a result of sub-cooled nucleate boiling. Separately, researchers have considered the effect of water radiolysis in the primary coolant of PWR. This study examines the effects of radiolysis of liquid water, which aggressively participate in general cladding corrosion and solutes within the primary coolant system, in the terms of pH, temperature, and Linear Energy Transfer (LET). It also discusses the effect of mass transfer, especially diffusion, on the concentration distribution of the radiolytic products, H2 and O2, in the porous crud layer. Finally it covers the effects of chemical reactions of boric acid (H3BO3), which has a negative impact on the mechanisms of water recombination with hydrogen, lithium hydroxide (LiOH), which has a negative effect on water decomposition, dissolved hydrogen (DH), and some trace impurities.

Thermal Safety Margin Calculation of the MP-2 Experiment in the Advanced Test Reactor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant L. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Flow Instability ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Nucleate Boiling ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Test Reactor

Abstract The Mini-Plate 2 (MP-2) irradiation test is a fueled experiment designed for irradiation in multiple test locations in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL). The experiment is a drop-in test where small aluminum-clad fuel plate samples (mini plates) are cooled directly by the ATR Primary Coolant System (PCS) water. The MP-2 fuel plate experiment will be irradiated in several different irradiation locations of the ATR. This fueled experiment contains aluminum-clad fuel mini plates consisting of monolithic U-Mo. Four different types of fuel plates with fuel meat thickness and cladding are part of the MP-2 test. A thermal analysis has been performed on the MP-2 experiment. A method for calculating Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR) and Flow Instability Ratio (FIR) during a reactivity transient using the commercial finite element and heat transfer code ABAQUS is discussed. At the start of an ATR cycle the heat generation rate of the fueled experiment is high and the heat rate multiplier from the outer shim control cylinders is low, while the reverse is true at the end of the ATR cycle. Thermal analyses at 10-day increments during the cycle calculate the DNBR and FIR during a reactivity transient. This technique calculates DNBR for the fuel plate surfaces and FIR for all water components for each finite element surface and node at various times during the ATR cycle. Heat rates vary with time during the transient calculations that are provided by a detailed physics analysis. Oxide growth on the fuel plates is also incorporated. Results from the transient calculations are displayed with the ABAQUS post processor. By calculating these parameters at each location in the finite element model, conservatism is replaced with accuracy. This allows for a greater margin for the thermal hydraulic safety parameters.

Velocity of Sound and Critical Discharge Pressure in Annular Two-Phase Flow

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
R. F. White ◽  
D. F. D'Arcy
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Coolant Circuit ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Primary Coolant ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Response Pressure ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Discharge Pressure

The effects of a rapid loss of coolant caused, for example, by the fracture of a pipe in the primary coolant circuit play an important part in the safety assessment of a water-cooled nuclear reactor. In particular, it is essential to know the rate of decrease of coolant density in the core and the rate of discharge of coolant into the containment space. It is uneconomic to obtain this information from experiments on each new reactor. Consequently computational methods, supported by experiments on basic elements of a coolant circuit, are being developed which will be applicable to a wide variety of reactors. An experiment is described in which fundamental information on fluid flow dynamics was obtained. In the experiment, a flow of two-phase water at high pressure was established in a straight pipe 15 ft long and 0–621 in i.d. At the downstream end of the pipe a rupture disc was suddenly burst. The pressure versus time histories at three locations along the pipe were recorded, using fast response pressure transducers and a multichannel oscilloscope. Experimental results are given for pre-blowdown pressures of 500 and 1000 lb/in2 (abs.) and steam qualities of 10–30 per cent. The mass flux was 0·6 times 106 lb/ft2 h, and the flow regime was annular. From the recorded pressure traces, the speed of the head of the rarefaction wave travelling upstream into the fluid was measured and also the pressure at critical flow conditions as functions of the pre-blowdown conditions. These measurements are compared with values calculated from steam tables.

Mobile Information Communication Technologies and Construction Project Management

2013 ◽  
pp. 607-622
Author(s):  
Vanita Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Construction Project Management ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Real Time Information

Construction project management requires effective and real time information and data communication between all the project team agencies. In present scenario when the associating agencies may be geographically separated, and for projects with large site areas or being executed in hazardous or remote sites, the required information and data communication can be achieved through use of mobile communications. But, research shows that the adoption of mobile communications by the construction industry is limited. This chapter presents the issues affecting adoption of mobile communications by the construction industry, the research background, a case study of mobile communications adoption at a major construction project in India and further discusses the factors leading to sustainable mobile communication adoption by construction project teams. Construction industry primarily comprises small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Thus, the issues are studied with focus on adoption of mobile communications by SMEs.

A Review on LSB Substitution and PVD Based Image Steganography Techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Kumar Sahu ◽  
Gandharba Swain
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Hiding Capacity ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Distortion Measure ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing ◽  
Lsb Substitution

<p>There has been a tremendous growth in Information and Communication technologies during the last decade. Internet has become the dominant media for data communication. But the secrecy of the data is to be taken care. Steganography is a technique for achieving secrecy for the data communicated in Internet. This paper presents a review of the steganography techniques based on least significant bit (LSB) substitution and pixel value differencing (PVD). The various techniques proposed in the literature are discussed and possible comparison is done along with their respective merits. The comparison parameters considered are, (i) hiding capacity, (ii) distortion measure, (iii) security, and (iv) computational complexity.</p>

Communication Net and MIMO Precoding Study on Wind Power Monitoring System

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 938-941
Author(s):  
Xin Li Cao ◽  
Yun Dong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Channel State ◽  
Power Monitoring ◽  
Mimo Antennas ◽  
Partial Channel

Paper studies the design of MIMO antennas and channel precoding on data communication net of wind power monitoring system. Paper first analyses communication network model of monitoring system. Then configures MIMO in the base station. Paper explains MMSE-QR linear precoding, then give the algorithm of QR-MMSE-SIC in the case of known ideal or partial channel state information at transmitter. Finally, BER of several precoding models with and without precoding are analyzed. It gives a theoretical method of communication net configuring and precoding on wind power transmission net.

Contribution by participants in face‐to‐face business meetings: Implications for collaborative technology

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. McQueen ◽  
Karen Rayner ◽  
Ned Kock
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Collaborative Technology ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Information Giving ◽  
Business Meetings ◽  
The Mean

Face‐to‐face business meetings are a widely used method of group interaction, and a rich source of data on what actually happens in group discussions. Active participation in a meeting is usually perceived to be making an oral contribution of some kind to the discussion. This paper describes a field study of ten face‐to‐face business meetings which were videotaped and subsequently analysed. Participant contributions were coded, and the data summarized. The mean contribution was approximately 12 seconds and 18 words. The most common contribution type was information giving. The highest single contributor in each meeting captured, on average, about 30% of the available airtime, while the two highest, combined, captured over half of the airtime. These findings are discussed within the context of requirements for designers of collaborative technology systems to support group interpersonal communication through the use of computing and data communication technologies.

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