Deep Learning Assisted Automatic Methodology for Implanted MIMO Antenna Designs on Large Ground Plane

This paper provides a novel methodology for designing implanted multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas in the automatic fashion. The proposed optimization consists of two sequential phases for firstly configuring the geometry of an implanted MIMO antenna and then sizing the design parameters through the hierarchy top-down optimization (TDO) and regression deep neural network (DNN), respectively. It tackles the difficulty in constructing the structure of antennas and also provides optimal values for the determined variables, sufficiently. This methodology results in valid electromagnetic (EM)-verified post-layout generation that is ready-to-fabricate. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization-oriented method is verified by designing and optimizing the implanted MIMO antenna in the frequency band of 4.34–4.61 GHz and 5.86–6.64 GHz suitable for medical applications at the emerging wireless band. For our design, we employ the actual biological tissues as bone, liquid (%1 sodium chloride, %40 sugar in distilled water), and plexiglass surroundings with a bio-compatible substrate, as aluminium oxide on a large ground plane, that is suitable to be used in a particular biomedical applications involving smart implants.

Design and Analysis of Wideband Flexible Self-Isolating MIMO Antennas for Sub-6 GHz 5G and WLAN Smartphone Terminals

A single radiator that is a part of four-port diversity Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna design is composed of four octagonal rings embedded between the two opposite sides of a T-shaped conductive layer surrounded by inverted angular edge cut L-shaped and E-shaped structures. The radiators are placed at the four corners with common ground at the center of a smartphone to form a four-element mobile MIMO antenna. The printing of the antenna is carried out on the flexible polyamide substrate (dielectric constant = 3.5 and loss tangent = 0.0027) with dimensions of 70 × 145 × 0.2 mm3. A wide impedance bandwidth of (84.12%) 2.39 to 5.86 GHz is achieved for all four radiators. The compact size of the radiators along with their placement enables the proposed MIMO antenna to occupy much less area while preserving the space for 2G/3G/4G antennas. The placement of the antennas results in self-isolation between antenna elements by achieving isolation greater than 17.5 dB in the desired operating bands. Furthermore, besides showing a high efficiency of 85% and adequate gain above 4 dBi, good diversity performances such as Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) of less than 0.05, Diversity Gain (DG) of above 9.8 dB, Mean Effective Gain (MEG) of −3.1 dB, Channel Capacity of 21.50 bps/Hz, and Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) of below −10 dB are achieved by the flexible MIMO smartphone antenna. The effect of bending along the X and Y-axis on the performance of the proposed MIMO antenna is also analyzed where decent performance is observed. This makes the proposed flexible four-element MIMO antenna a potential candidate to be deployed in future smartphones.

Konversi Antena Mimo 2x2 Frekuensi 2,4 Ghz Menjadi 5,5 Ghz Menggunakan Patch Bowtie Berbasis Dual Slot Segi Empat dan Single Slot Segitiga

Perkembangan antena radar semakin cepat dan beragam, salah satunya adalah antena MIMO (multiple output). Antena MIMO banyak digunakan untuk teknologi 5G karena efisiensi spectral dan fekuensi yang tinggi. Antena MIMO juga merupakan suatu sistem yang menggunakan multi antena baik pengrim (Transmitter) maupun penerima (receiver) yang bisa mengatasi kelemahan pada sistem komunikasi wireless. Penelitian ini merancang sebuah antena mikrostrip MIMO 2X2 dengan menggunakan patch bowtie untuk mengkonversi frekuensi dari 2,4 GHz menjadi 5,5 GHz dengan menambahkan dual slot segiempat dan single slot segitiga. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan penambahan dual slot segiempat dan single slot segitiga pada patch antena bowtie dapat menggeser frekuensi kerja dari 2,4 GHz menjadi 5,5 GHz. Dari hasil simulasi antena MIMO 2X2 didapatkan nilai return loss S11 sebesar -46,5 dB, insertion loss S21 sebesar -25,2 dB, bandwidth sebesar 192,2 MHz, VSWR sebesar 1,00 dan gain sebesar 3,11 dBi. Hasil dari pengukuran antena MIMO menunjukkan perbedaan dari parameter antena 1 dan 2. Hal ini disebabkan adanya ketidaksamaan ukuran dari antena 1 dan antena 2. Pengukuran nilai return loss untuk antena 1 yaitu sebesar -22,32 dB dan -15,63 dB untuk antena 2. Hasil pengukuran insertion loss antena 1 dan 2 memiliki nilai yang sama yaitu -43,5 dB dan untuk lebar bandwidth memiliki perbedaan nilai yaitu 50 MHz untuk antena 1 dan 100 MHz untuk antena 2. Pengukuran nilai VSWR 1 didapatkan nilai sebesar 1,96, VSWR 2 sebesar 1,41. The development of radar antennas is getting faster and more diverse, one of which is the MIMO (multiple output) antenna. MIMO antennas are widely used for 5G technology because of their high spectral efficiency and frequency. MIMO antenna is also a system that uses multiple antennas, both transmitter and receiver which can solving the weaknesses in wireless communication systems. The research designed a 2X2 MIMO microstrip antenna using a patch bowtie to convert the frequency from 2.4 GHZ to 5.5 GHz by adding dual rectangular slots and single triangular slots. The simulation results show that the addition of dual rectangular slots and single triangular slots on the patch bowtie antenna can shift the working frequency from 2.4 GHz to 5.5 GHz. From the simulation results of MIMO 2X2 antenna, the return loss value of S11 is -46.5 dB, insertion loss S21 is -25.2 dB, bandwidth is 192.2 MHz, VSWR is 1.00 and gain is 3.11 dBi. The results of the MIMO antenna measurements show differences in the parameters of antennas 1 and 2. This is due to the difference size of antenna 1 and antenna 2. The measurement of the return loss value for antenna 1 is -22.32 dB and -15.63 dB for antenna 2 The results of the insertion loss measurements for antennas 1 and 2 have the same value, which is -43.5 dB and for the width of the bandwidth has a different value, 50 MHz for antenna 1 and 100 MHz for antenna 2. Measurement of the value of VSWR 1 obtained a value of 1.96, VSWR 2 is 1.41.

Printed Closely Spaced Antennas Loaded by Linear Stubs in a MIMO Style for Portable Wireless Electronic Devices

An easy-to-manufacture and efficient four-port-printed Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna operating across an ultra-wideband (UWB) region (2.9–13.6 GHz) is proposed and investigated here. The phenomenon of the polarization diversity is used to improve the isolation between MIMO antenna elements by deploying four orthogonal antenna elements. The proposed printed antenna (40 × 40 × 1.524 mm3) is made compact by optimizing the circular-shaped radiating components via vertical stubs on top of the initial design to maximally reduce unwanted interaction while placing them together in proximity. The measurements of the prototype MIMO antennas corroborate the simulation performance. The findings are compared to the recent relevant works presented in the literature to show that the proposed antenna is suitable for UWB MIMO applications. The proposed printed UWB MIMO antenna could be a good fit for compact portable wireless electronic devices.

Beam Splitting Planar Inverted F Antenna For 5G Communication

A planar inverted-F antenna with symmetrical split beams and loaded with radio frequency absorbers (here Eccosorb MCS) for 5G communication is proposed. The multi-beam antennas reduce the requirement of number of antennas and provide wide coverage. But they require a complex system such as a phased array or MIMO antennas. On the other hand, multi-beam antennas do not have such requirements. In this work, we propose a PIFA antenna which achieves multi-beam behaviour by six slabs of absorbers placed periodically between the PIFA patch and substrate to split the beams into two directions at +26°. The proposed antenna obtains a frequency band of 24.2- 25.7 GHz and achieves a high gain of approximately 10 dB at +26°. The performance of the proposed antenna is suitable for G communication. All simulations of the antenna are carried out using Ansys HFSS. The design was validated by simulations and later confirmed with measurements.