scholarly journals Targets, Tactics, and Cooperation in the Play Fighting of Two Genera of Old World Monkeys (Mandrillus and Papio):Accounting for Similarities and Differences

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly L. Kraus ◽  
Vivien C. Pellis ◽  
Sergio M. Pellis
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
The Body ◽  
Old World Monkeys ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
Play Fighting ◽  
Attack And Defense ◽  
Bodily Contact

Play fighting in many species involves partners competing to bite one another while avoiding being bitten. Species can differ in the body targets that are bitten and the tactics used to attack and defend those targets. However, even closely related species that attack and defend the same body target using the same tactics can differ markedly in how much the competitiveness of such interactions is mitigated by cooperation. A degree of cooperation is necessary to ensure that some turn-taking between the roles of attacker and defender occurs, as this is critical in preventing play fighting from escalating into serious fighting. In the present study, the dyadic play fighting of captive troops of 4 closely related species of Old World monkeys, 2 each from 2 genera of Papio and Mandrillus, was analyzed. All 4 species have a comparable social organization, are large bodied with considerable sexual dimorphism, and are mostly terrestrial. In all species, the target of biting is the same – the area encompassing the upper arm, shoulder, and side of the neck – and they have the same tactics of attack and defense. However, the Papio species exhibit more cooperation in their play than do the Mandrillus species, with the former using tactics that make biting easier to attain and that facilitate close bodily contact. It is possible that species differences in how rigidly dominance relationships are maintained are expressed in the play of juveniles by altering the balance between competition and cooperation.

A new species of Gomesa (Oncidiinae, Orchidaceae) from inselbergs in Brazilian caatinga: morphological and karyological evidence

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (2) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL M. P. CORDEIRO ◽  
FELIPE NOLLET ◽  
MARIA TERESA BURIL ◽  
MARK W. CHASE ◽  
LEONARDO P. FELIX
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new species of Gomesa (Oncidiinae, Orchidaceae), Gomesa caatingana, with restricted distribution on caatinga inselbergs in Paraíba and Pernambuco States, Brazil. Morphological and karyological characters of the new species were compared with those of Gomesa flexuosa, which is morphologically the most closely related species. Differences in geographical distribution, habit, flower morphology and chromosome number support description of this new species.

Three new species of the genus Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913 (Tylenchidae: Nematoda) from Canada

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Three New Species

Three new species of the genus Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913 from Canada are named and described. Tylenchorhynchus irregularis n. sp. differs from all closely related species in the irregular width of the cuticular annulation, especially in the posterior half of the body. T. longus n. sp. is similar to T. superbus Allen, 1955 but differs from this species in relative tail length and annulation of the tail terminus. T. laminatus n. sp. resembles T. leptus Allen, 1955 but differs in the details of the lip region, spear length, and laminated annules.

Inosperma subsphaerosporum (Inocybaceae), a new species from Hainan, tropical China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
LUN-SHA DENG ◽  
WEN-JIE YU ◽  
NIAN-KAI ZENG ◽  
LI-JIE LIU ◽  
LI-YUE LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Tropical China ◽  
A New Species

Inosperma subsphaerosporum sp. nov. is described from Hainan Province of China, based on morphological features and molecular phylogeny. The new species is characterized by a medium-sized basidioma, a scaly-fibrillose to rimulose pileus, subglobose to globose basidiospores, and thin-walled cheilocystidia. Moreover, I. subsphaerosporum is phylogenetically placed in an Old World tropical clade, in which all members described are from South Asia. Detailed descriptions, color photographs as well as comparisons between the new species and its closely related species are provided.

A Note on Some Preliminary Observations on the Effect of the Antibiotic Terramycin on Insect Symbiotic Micro-organisms

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Musgrave ◽  
J. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Body Louse ◽  
General Acceptance ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Micro Organisms

Micro-organisms that seem to be symbiotic are known to occur in many insects (Steinhaus, 1949). Often these micro-organisms are retained for at least a part of their iife in special organs in the insect's body called ‘mycetomes’. Mansour (1935) following a study of a number of beetles cnntaining micro-organisms concluded, in the two closely related species Sitophilus granarius (L) and Sitophilus oryza (L) that while both species have mycetonies only S. oryza had micro-organisms; a conclusion that his received some general acceptance (Steinhaus, 1946; Wigglesworth, 1947). Thus it could be questioned if the micro-organisms in S. oryza were of benefit to it since S. granarius survived apparently without any (Mansour). However, it has been shown that in some beetles (Blewett & Fraenkel, 1944), in the body louse (Aschner, 1935), and in the hug, Rhodnius, (Brecher & Wigglesworth, 1944) the associated micro-organisms are of considerable importance to the insect. It therefore seemed worth while to study further the condition existing in S. oryza and S. granarius; and in the early stages of this work some interesting phenomena have been observed.

A new and four known species of Diphtherophora (Nematoda: Diphtherophoridae) from Iran, with a diagnostic compendium of its species

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4365 (3) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
REZA GHADERI ◽  
LEILA KASHI ◽  
HOSSEIN MIRBABAEI KARANI ◽  
AKBAR KAREGAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Related Species ◽  
New Records ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Contour ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Nematode Fauna

A new and four known species of the genus Diphtherophora—D. geraerti sp. n., D. caudata, D. obesa, D. perplexans and D. tenera—were collected and identified from different plants and localities in Iran. Morphological and morphometric characters of Diphtherophora geraerti sp. n. are compared with those of closely-related species, including D. siddiqii, D. brevicollis, D. lata, D. obesa, D. citri, D. vasilevi and D. vitoshae. Females of the new species have a head continuous with the body contour, spear 11–14 µm in length, rod-shaped spermatozoa and conical tail with bluntly rounded to hemispherical terminus. Males have two ventromedian neck papillae located 22–25 and 52–60 µm from the anterior end, and two ventromedian supplements at 11–13 and 75–80 µm anterior from cloacal aperture, respectively. All Diphtherophora species recovered as part of the present study are new records for the Iranian nematode fauna. Finally, a diagnostic compendium is given, to assist with species identification in the genus. 

KARYOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICAN NATRICINE SNAKES (FAMILY COLUBRIDAE) OF THE GENERA NATRIX AND REGINA

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. William Kilpatrick ◽  
Earl G. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
North American ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Related Genus ◽  
Chromosomal Variation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Water Snake ◽  
The Family

Four species of the water snake genus Natrix have a distinctly different pattern of chromosomal morphology than found in two species of the related genus Regina. Natrix all have a karyotype with seven pairs of large or medium-sized submetacentric autosomes, three pairs of medium-sized subtelocentric autosomes, and seven pairs of small metacentric autosomes. All have a 2n of 36 with a submetacentric Z and submetacentric or subtelocentric W. The autosomal complement of Regina consists of seven pairs of large to medium-sized submetacentrics, five pairs of medium-sized submetacentrics, and five pairs of small metacentrics. The Z and W are both submetacentric chromosomes. The sex chromosomes are easily distinguished in both genera. The relationships of Natrix and Regina and Old World Natrix are discussed, as well as chromosomal variation in closely related species in the family Colubridae.

scholarly journals A first record of the Lined Wrasse Anampses lineatus Randall, 1972 (Perciformes: Labridae) in the Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 8923
Author(s):  
S. Prakash ◽  
T. T. Ajith Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Gulf Of Mannar ◽  
Present Material ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Black Color

Lined wrasse Anampses lineatus Randall was recorded off the coast of Tuticorin (Gulf of Mannar), Tamil Nadu, India for the first time. It is easily distinguished by the presence of pale longitudinal lines on the body following scale rows. Broad pale white and black color patch at the base of caudal fin is distinct. Morphological description of A. lineatus is provided based on the present material along with detailed distribution records; habitat and closely related species were also discussed.

A new species of Cedria Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Lysiterminae) from Thailand

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4365 (3) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
DONALD L. J. QUICKE ◽  
SERGEY A. BELOKOBYLSKIJ ◽  
MARISA RAWEEARAMWONG ◽  
BUNTIKA A. BUTCHER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Braconid Wasp ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The Old World, cyclostome braconid wasp genus Cedria Wilkinson is recorded from Thailand for the first time based on a new species, Cedria wichasei Quicke, Belokobylskij & Butcher, sp. nov., which is described, illustrated, and a key provided to enable its separation from the closely-related species, C. galinae Belokobylskij and C. africana Belokobylskij which share strong peri-occular carina and at least rather rugose frons. Similarities to Apocedria van Achterberg & Chen, from China, are discussed. 

Description of Longidorus diadecturus n. sp. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), a vector of the peach rosette mosaic virus in peach orchards in southwestern Ontario, Canada

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon S. Eveleigh ◽  
W. R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Related Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Virus Vector ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Posterior Position

Longidorus diadecturus n. sp., a virus vector found in peach orchards in southwestern Ontario, is described and illustrated. The most distinguishing feature of the species is the posterior position of the stylet guiding ring (50–64 μm posterior to head apex). It differs from closely related species with a posterior stylet guiding ring by the shape and length of the corpal mucro (sagittate, 1–2 μm), the length of the odontophore (55–66 μm), the expanded, set-off head, and the anteriorly located vulva (44–48%). The body lengths and the tail shapes and sizes are also diagnostic for larval stages.

scholarly journals The systematic position of some Ethiopian Nippostrongylinae (Nematoda, Trichostrongylina, Heligmosomoidea) from the National Collection of Animal Helminths, Onderstepoort, South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-C. Durette-Desset ◽  
M.-C. Digiani
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Body Diameter ◽  
Caudal Bursa

The taxonomic status of some nippostrongyline nematodes deposited in the National Collection ofAnimal Helminths, Onderstepoort, is revised. Heligmonina boomkeri n. sp. is described from Aethomys chrysophilus from South Africa. The most closely related species by the body measurementsand the pattern of the caudal bursa is Heligmonina bignonensis Diouf, Bâ & Durette-Desset, 1997, a parasite of Mastomys erythroleucus from Senegal. It differs from the new species mainly in thenumber of ventral cuticular ridges at mid-body (four versus five) and the left ala in the male is shorterthan the body diameter. The systematic position of Heligmonina spira (Ortlepp, 1939) and Neoheligmonella capensis (Ortlepp, 1939) is confirmed here through their synlophe, which was not previously studied.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document