scholarly journals Nuclei Shapes across Different Magic Numbers in the Ytterbium (Z = 70) and Lead (Z = 82) Isotopes using MATLAB Code.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
F Eriba-Idoko ◽  
T Daniel ◽  
F Gbaorun ◽  
E C Hemba
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Magic Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Deformation ◽  
Yrast State ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Deformation Parameters ◽  
First Excited State

The yrast state of the Ytterbium, Yb isotopes for the neutron range of 82 ≤ N≤ 180 and lead, Pb isotopes for the neutron range of 98 ≤ N≤132 for the even-even nuclei have been studied using the energies of the first excited state in these nuclei. The nuclear deformation parameters, and the reduced quadruple transition probability B (E2)↑ with other intrinsic parameters associated with the nuclei shape were obtained using a MATLAB code. The results revealed that the Pb nucleus with Z = 82 - which is one of the magic numbers have a more ‘spherically’ nuclei shape at the ground state with small degree of deformation as compared to the nuclei shapes in the Yb isotopes. Our study supports the global predictions of the prolate deformation in Yb isotopes around the neutron range of 90 ≤ N ≤ 112.

scholarly journals Nuclei Shapes across Different Magic Numbers in the Ytterbium (Z = 70) and Lead (Z = 82) Isotopes using MATLAB Code.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
F Eriba-Idoko ◽  
T Daniel ◽  
F Gbaorun ◽  
E C Hemba
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Magic Numbers ◽  
Nuclear Deformation ◽  
Yrast State ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Deformation Parameters ◽  
First Excited State

The yrast state of the Ytterbium, Yb isotopes for the neutron range of 82 ≤ N≤ 180 and lead, Pb isotopes for the neutron range of 98 ≤ N≤132 for the even-even nuclei have been studied using the energies of the first excited state in these nuclei. The nuclear deformation parameters, and the reduced quadruple transition probability B (E2)↑ with other intrinsic parameters associated with the nuclei shape were obtained using a MATLAB code. The results revealed that the Pb nucleus with Z = 82 - which is one of the magic numbers have a more ‘spherically’ nuclei shape at the ground state with small degree of deformation as compared to the nuclei shapes in the Yb isotopes. Our study supports the global predictions of the prolate deformation in Yb isotopes around the neutron range of 90 ≤ N ≤ 112.

THE SPIN OF THE 3.70-MEV LEVEL IN Al25

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distribution ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Band Structure ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Spin Assignment ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Excitation Radiation ◽  
Rotational Bands ◽  
First Excited State

The 3.70-Mev level in Al25 has been studied by means of the reaction Mg24(p, γ)Al25 at the 1.49-Mev resonance. Direct angular distribution measurements of the de-excitation gamma radiation support the spin assignment of 7/2− for this level. An E2/M1 amplitude mixing ratio of −0.55 ± 0.2 is found for the 1.79-Mev de-excitation radiation from the fourth excited state to the ground state of Al25. The ratio of the reduced transition probability of the E2 radiation from the 1.79-Mev level to the first excited state is shown to be ~30 times that to the ground state. This result provides further confirmation of rotational band structure in Al25 since the collective model predicts such an enhancement of E2 transitions between rotational bands whereas cross-band transitions are not expected to be enhanced.

Low lying levels in 81Br

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (20) ◽  
pp. 2255-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Salomon ◽  
C. Hojvat
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Level Scheme ◽  
Coulomb Excitation ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Energy Level Scheme ◽  
First Excited State

Coulomb excitation of Br targets and the reaction 80Se(p,γ)81Br were used to populate the low lying excited states of 81Br and an energy level scheme is proposed. The reduced transition probability from the ground state to the first excited state of 81Br (276 keV) has been measured to be B(E2) = 410 ± 40 e2 f4.

scholarly journals Electric Quadrupole Excitation of the First Excited State of 11B

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Fewell ◽  
RH Spear ◽  
TH Zabel ◽  
AM Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Coulomb Excitation ◽  
Transition Probability ◽  
Electric Quadrupole ◽  
Core Excitation ◽  
The Core ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
First Excited State ◽  
Excitation Model

The Coulomb excitation of backscattered llB projectiles has been used to measure the reduced E2 transition probability B(E2; 3/2--+ 1/2-) between the 3/2- ground state and the 1/2- first excited state of llB. It is found that B(E2;3/2--+1/2-) = 2�1�0�4 e2 fm4, which agrees with shell model predictions but is a factor of 10 larger than the prediction of the core-excitation model.

A meta-analysis and review examining a possible role for oxidative stress and singlet oxygen in diverse diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 474 (16) ◽  
pp. 2713-2731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athinoula L. Petrou ◽  
Athina Terzidaki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Excited State ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
High Electron ◽  
A Value ◽  
First Excited State

From kinetic data (k, T) we calculated the thermodynamic parameters for various processes (nucleation, elongation, fibrillization, etc.) of proteinaceous diseases that are related to the β-amyloid protein (Alzheimer's), to tau protein (Alzheimer's, Pick's), to α-synuclein (Parkinson's), prion, amylin (type II diabetes), and to α-crystallin (cataract). Our calculations led to ΔG≠ values that vary in the range 92.8–127 kJ mol−1 at 310 K. A value of ∼10–30 kJ mol−1 is the activation energy for the diffusion of reactants, depending on the reaction and the medium. The energy needed for the excitation of O2 from the ground to the first excited state (1Δg, singlet oxygen) is equal to 92 kJ mol−1. So, the ΔG≠ is equal to the energy needed for the excitation of ground state oxygen to the singlet oxygen (1Δg first excited) state. The similarity of the ΔG≠ values is an indication that a common mechanism in the above disorders may be taking place. We attribute this common mechanism to the (same) role of the oxidative stress and specifically of singlet oxygen, (1Δg), to the above-mentioned processes: excitation of ground state oxygen to the singlet oxygen, 1Δg, state (92 kJ mol−1), and reaction of the empty π* orbital with high electron density regions of biomolecules (∼10–30 kJ mol−1 for their diffusion). The ΔG≠ for cases of heat-induced cell killing (cancer) lie also in the above range at 310 K. The present paper is a review and meta-analysis of literature data referring to neurodegenerative and other disorders.

LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS OF STATES IN O18 AND Ne22

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Eswaran ◽  
C. Broude
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Doppler Shift ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Branching Ratios ◽  
Ground State Transition ◽  
Lifetime Measurements ◽  
Doppler Shift Attenuation ◽  
First Excited State ◽  
Doppler Shift Attenuation Method

Lifetime measurements have been made by the Doppler-shift attenuation method for the 1.98-, 3.63-, 3.92-, and 4.45-Mev states in O18 and the 1.28-, 3.34-, and 4.47-Mev states in Ne22, excited by the reactions Li7(C12, pγ)O18 and Li7(O16, pγ)Ne22. Branching ratios have also been measured. The results are tabulated.[Formula: see text]The decay of the 3.92-Mev state in O18 is 93.5% to the 1.98-Mev state and 6.5% to the ground state and of the 4.45-Mev state 74% to the 3.63-Mev state, 26% to the 1.98-Mev state, and less than 2% to the ground state. In Ne22, the ground-state transition from the 4.47-Mev state is less than 2% of the decay to the first excited state.

Vibronische Kopplung und dynamisch verzerrte Strukturen in Hexahalogenotelluraten(IV): Ergebnisse aus Tieftemperatur-Röntgenbeugungsuntersuchungen (300—160 K) und aus FTIR-spektroskopischen Experimenten (300—5 K) [1] / Vibronic Coupling and Dynamically Distorted Structures in Hexahalogenotellurates(IV): Low Temperatur X-Ray Diffraction (300—160 K) and FTIR-Spectroscopic (300—5 K) Results [1]

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1273-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Abriel ◽  
Ernst-Jürgen Zehnder
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Potential Surface ◽  
Energy Gap ◽  
Vibronic Coupling ◽  
High Symmetry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Excited State ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

AbstractFrom theoretical considerations a dynamically distorted octahedron as a result of vibronic coupling between the ground state and the first excited state should exist for 14 electron AX6E systems like TeX62- . A high symmetry crystal field yielding at least a center of symmetry for the Te position stabilizes this fluctuating structure, otherwise statical distortion will be observed. From X-ray diffraction experiments on antifluorite type compounds A2TeX6 (A = Rb. Cs: X = Cl, Br) the averaged structure (m3̅m symmetry) of the anions was found even at very low temperatures. The thermal parameters are not significantly different from those of similar SnX62 compounds. Distortions therefore are very small and are evident from FTIR spectroscopic meas­urements only. Here very broad T1u-deformation vibration bands are observed down to tempera­tures <10 K without splitting: Astatically distorted species could not be frozen out. In contrast to XeF6 for TeX62- the energy gap between the threefold, fourfold or sixfold minima of the potential surface (according to the symmetry of one component of the T1u-vibration) is very small and shifted to temperatures lower than reached with the devices used for these experiments.

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