scholarly journals Evolution of sedimentation in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea due to anthropogenic impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (33) ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Chechko

The work pursued basic objectives: to study the structure of the sedimentary strata, identify the sediment units corresponding to specific sedimentation stages of the late Holocene and evaluate the factors that influenced their formation in the Vistula Lagoon. For the achievement of the goals, well-known methods were used. The thickness of the silt deposits was measured by a hand drill. The grain size analysis of bottom sediments was determined by the mass content of particles of various sizes as a percentage of the test sample mass. The content of the total amount of organic matter in the bottom sediments and the mass loss during calcination was determined by the weight method, the determination of the mineral vivianite was carried out by standard methods accepted in geology. The Research results showed that in the lower part of the cores, organic-rich silts of olive shades are common, formed under the influence of river runoff. The sediment composition in the upper part of the cores is sharply different due to an anthropogenic factor – artificial river runoff regulation. Instead of silty sediments, the lagoon accumulated poorly consolidated, dark gray fine sand and siltstone sediments with small organic matter.

Author(s):  
Vladimir Chechko ◽  
Vladimir Chechko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko ◽  
Boris Chubarenko

Vistula Lagoon is the second largest lagoon in the Baltic Sea with maximum depth 5.2 m and average depth 2.7 m. Water volume and area are 2.3 km3 and 838 km2. Lagoon is connected with the Baltic Sea by single inlet 400 m wide and 10-12 m deep. Sediment budget estimation were made using literature sources, results of field measurements (hydrology, suspended sediment content, upper layer sediment structure, direct measurements of sedimentation in summer and winter conditions). The budget for terrigene and biogenic components of sediments were made, considering their contributions from the rivers, inflow from the Baltic Sea, coastal erosion and aerial flux, biological production within the lagoon, totally - ca. 730 thousands ton per year. Nearly half of total gain is washed out (105 and 244 thousands ton per year of terrigene and biogenic components), another half is dissolved and mineralized (biogenic component), and only 10% is deposited on the bottom, resulting in rather low sedimentation rate - 0.4 mm/year during last 100 years. Paper explain the reason of difference with estimation made in (Chubarenko&Chubarenko, 2002) and concludes that the clarification of estimates of the amounts of sediments transported from the lagoon to the Baltic Sea is a critical element for understanding the evolution of the Vistula Lagoon as a sedimentation system.


Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1328
Author(s):  
Michał Szydłowski ◽  
Wojciech Artichowicz ◽  
Piotr Zima

The Vistula Lagoon is located in both Poland and Russia along the southern coast of the Baltic Sea. It is connected to the Baltic Sea in the Russian part by the Strait of Baltiysk. The purpose of the paper is to identify the dominant factors underlying the water level variation mechanism at Tolkmicko in the Vistula Lagoon, revealed by a statistical analysis of the measured data and a discussion on the inflow and outflow transport variation through the strait, estimated by numerical modeling. Seawater transport is exceptionally valuable in terms of the hydrological water balance in the lagoon. Historical research on the hydrology of the lagoon shows that the water exchange in the lagoon is quite complex due to the presence of several different sources of water balance, such as seawater inflow, river inflow, groundwater inflow, precipitation, and evaporation. Unfortunately, there are no current data on seawater inflow and outflow through the Strait of Baltiysk due to the lack of continuous flow measurements in the strait. A novelty of the current work is an in-depth statistical analysis of the water level variation in the Polish part of the lagoon over a long time period and an estimation of water transport through the Strait of Baltiysk by use of a numerical model. The model reproduces well the water level variation responding to variations in the sea level outside the lagoon and the wind action over the lagoon. The years 2008–2017 were chosen as the analysis period. A two-dimensional free surface shallow water numerical model of the lagoon was adapted to simulate the water level variation in view of the wind over the lagoon and the sea level variation at one open boundary. Finally, it was concluded that the water level variation on the Polish side of the Vistula Lagoon is dominated by two factors: the water level in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the wind over the lagoon. The average annual marine water inflow into the Vistula Lagoon was estimated to be equal to 15.87 km3.


Author(s):  
Э.Б. Зальцман

В работе характеризуются новые материалы, полученные в ходе исследований неолитических (по прибалтийской периодизации) поселений побережья Вислинского залива. Данные древности, по всем признакам, относятся к культуре воронковидных кубков, памятники которой ранее в регионе были неизвестны. Все материалы КВК выявлены на поселениях, основные культурные комплексы с которых относятся к приморской культуре шнуровой керамики (рис. 1). Незначительные по размерам стоянки КВК существовали здесь до прихода населения приморской культуры. В Ушаково 3 керамика КВК найдена в культурном слое в восточной части раскопа, где она залегала в основном отдельно от керамики приморской культуры (рис. 2–4). В Прибрежном кроме керамических материалов зафиксированы следы 2 построек с двухрядной столбовой конструкцией стен (рис. 5). Постройки наземного типа, удлиненной формы, шириной не более 3,2 м. Технологические и морфологические характеристики фрагментов керамики, обнаруженной в пределах построек, не оставляют сомнений в том, что эти комплексы принадлежат КВК (рис. 6: 1, 13). Кроме того, здесь же выявлены две амфоры с типичными чертами баденизации в КВК (рис. 6: 14, 15). Керамика КВК встречалась также и в культурном слое поселения (рис. 7: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12). Все материалы КВК с поселений Ушаково 3 и Прибрежное датируются в диапазоне 3500–3100 гг. CalBC (Приложение 1). Наиболее вероятно, что небольшие по численности группы населения КВК проникли в прибрежную зону около середины IV тыс. до н. э., когда на этой территории уже продолжительное время существовали местные сообщества цедмарской неолитической культуры. The paper characterizes new materials obtained during the excavations of Neolithic sites (according to the Baltic periodization) in the Vistula Lagoon coast. These antiquities are attributed to the Funnel Beaker culture the sites of which have not been discovered in this region before. All FBC materials were identified at settlements where the main cultural assemblages are attributed to the Primorskaya Corded Ware Culture (Fig. 1). Small FBC sites had existed in this area before the arrival of the Primorskaya culture population. Ushakovo 3 revealed FBC ceramics in the occupation layer located in the eastern part of the excavation trench where, in most cases, these artifacts were lying separately from the Primorskaya culture ceramics (Fig. 2–4). Traces of two constructions with a double-row pillar wall structure (Fig. 5) were recorded at Pribrezhnoye. Technological and morphological characteristics of the ceramics discovered in the constructions leave no doubt that these assemblages belong to the FBC (Fig. 6: 1, 13). Two amphorae with typical features of «badenization» in the FBC were discovered at this site as well (Fig. 6: 14, 15). The FBC ceramics also occurred in the occupation layer of the site (Fig. 7: 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12). All FBC materials from Ushakovo 3 and Pribrezhnoye fall within 3500–3100 CalBC (Appendix 1). Most likely, around mid 4th millennium BC small FBC population groups reached the coastal area which had been already inhabited by local Zedmar Neolithic communities for a long time.


1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
O Adegbuyi ◽  
GP Ojo ◽  
AJ Adeola ◽  
MT Alebiosu

The physical and chemical properties of clay deposits around Isua-Akoko, Akure, Lafe and Ayadi in Ondo State southwestern Nigeria have been examined. The results have shown that Isua-Akoko, Akure and Lafe Clays are plastic fire clays while Ayadi clay is kaolinite. Grain size analysis reveals that Isua Akoko Clay contains 45% of clay, 18% silt, 12% fine sand,14% medium sand and 11% coarse sand and no gravel; Akure clay contains 42% clay, 14% silt, 13% fine sand, 20% medium sand and 8% coarse sand with 1% gravel. Lafe Clay contains 21% clay, 8% silt, 25% fine sand, 37% medium sand and 8% coarse sand with 1% gravel while Ayadi clay contains 83% clay and 17% silt. The liquid limits of these clay samples range from 41% to 73%% and plastic limits range from 18% to 26% respectively. The chemical analysis reveals that the most abundant mineral is silica (60.97%) and aluminum was next in abundance (23.69%) while other oxides are low. The results show that Isua-Akoko and Akure are residual while Lafe and Ayadi are sedimentary and transported Clays. The firing test, PH, and bleaching tests of the clays are also discussed. The chemical and physical characteristics of the clay deposits are strongly indicative of their industrial importance in the production of ceramics, refractories, paving bricks, paint and pharmaceutical products.KEYWORDS: Kaolinite, fire clay, gravel, ceramics and alumina.


2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Risandi Dwirama Putra ◽  
Tri Apriadi ◽  
Ani Suryanti ◽  
Henky Irawan ◽  
Tengku Said Raja'I ◽  
...  

Bauxite production and exploration give negative impact environmental modification and increasing concern pollution of heavy metals. One of an alternative to reduce the negative impact of bauxite post-mining production is by re-utilizing the abandoned bauxite land and necessary exploratory study to obtain the current environmental conditions primarily related to heavy metals in bauxite mining area. Soil and water quality samples from 5 (five) sites based on post-mining activities were used to determine concentration heavy metals of As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Cu from different soil level. They were also collected for grain size analysis including those of sand and mud percentages along with the mean, and sorting analysis. The mean grain size post-mining bauxite ranged between very fine sand to medium sand and had heterogeneous texture. The coarse grain size percentage increased towards the bottom of the soil. Total heavy metal contents for post-mining bauxite soils are 0,081 ppm, 0,245 to 0,471 ppm and 0,007 ppm for As, Pb and Cd respectively. Heavy metals for Cd, uniformly at every depth from soil level. On the other hand, Pb showed significance pattern, it was indicated every depth from soil level, the concentration of Pb was different.


Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Garankina ◽  
Vladimir R. Belyaev ◽  
Ilya G. Shorkunov ◽  
Yuliya V. Shishkina ◽  
Pavel V. Andreev ◽  
...  

Abstract. Borisoglebsk Upland is considered an example of a secondary upland plain in the marginal zone of the last Middle Pleistocene glaciation. Moraine hills and kames were reworked by glaciofluvial processes and incised by small fluvial forms later. Its postglacial surface drift cover is regularly defined as an undivided complex of mantle loams of dominantly subaerial origin with characteristic cryogenic features and remnants of paleosols. However, some previous studies suggest that lake sedimentation played an important role in the postglacial history of the Borisoglebsk Upland. This paper presents results of a detailed investigation of postglacial sedimentary cover of the eastern part of the Borisoglebsk Upland aimed to reconstruct the co-evolution of surface deposits, soil cover and geomorphic landscapes since degradation of the last Middle Pleistocene glaciation about 150 ka (MIS-6). The study is essentially based on a comprehensive lithological, pedological and geocryological description of postglacial deposits in cores (hand or machine-driven) and open sections, systematic sampling for grain size analysis and selective sampling for 14C absolute dating and monoliths structural examination. The results indicate that most of the surface drifts in this feature consists of stratified lacustrine deposits. Their Late Pleistocene age is stratigraphically confined by the underlying paleosols and incorporated peats of the Mikulino interglacial age (MIS-5) and several organic-rich layers within the lake sequence 14C dated to the Middle Valdai interstadial (MIS-3). Overlying mantle loams and colluvial deposits with cryogenic features and low organic matter content those facially substitute lacustrine sediments were attributed to the Late Valdai stadial (MIS-2). After the Mid-Holocene stabilization, relatively thin colluvial cover identified by the increased amount of organic matter also deposited. We conclude that lacustrine sedimentation is the primary Late Pleistocene agent that transformed the initial glacial topography and most characteristic type of lithodynamics of the eastern Borisoglebsk Upland.


2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmara J. Wójcik-Fudalewska ◽  
Monika Normant-Saremba ◽  
Agata Kolasa ◽  
Pedro M. Anastácio

Abstract The feeding ecology of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was studied by analyzing the stomach fullness and its content with regard to sex, size and brackish water habitats occurring on the coast of the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon, Poland) and the Atlantic (Tagus Estuary, Portugal). The presented results show that neither the site, sex (except the Gulf of Gdańsk) nor the size of an individual had a significant (p > 0.05) effect on the stomach fullness of E. sinensis. However, the type of food consumed was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the inhabited locality. The stomachs of crabs contained the remains of animal and plant origin, as well as detritus. The remains of animals (Bivalvia, Amphipoda, Gastropoda and Polychaeta) were more frequently found in the crabs from the Gulf of Gdańsk, while the remains of plants (Tracheophyta, Chlorophyta) were most often found in the stomachs of crabs from the Vistula Lagoon and the Tagus Estuary. Detritus was found only in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon. Research indicates that the feeding ecology of omnivore E. sinensis is habitat specific, which should be taken into account when assessing the risk associated with this invasive species.


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