Lake sedimentation as an agent of postglacial transformation of interfluves and fluvial landscapes of the Borisoglebsk Upland, Central European Russia

Abstract. Borisoglebsk Upland is considered an example of a secondary upland plain in the marginal zone of the last Middle Pleistocene glaciation. Moraine hills and kames were reworked by glaciofluvial processes and incised by small fluvial forms later. Its postglacial surface drift cover is regularly defined as an undivided complex of mantle loams of dominantly subaerial origin with characteristic cryogenic features and remnants of paleosols. However, some previous studies suggest that lake sedimentation played an important role in the postglacial history of the Borisoglebsk Upland. This paper presents results of a detailed investigation of postglacial sedimentary cover of the eastern part of the Borisoglebsk Upland aimed to reconstruct the co-evolution of surface deposits, soil cover and geomorphic landscapes since degradation of the last Middle Pleistocene glaciation about 150 ka (MIS-6). The study is essentially based on a comprehensive lithological, pedological and geocryological description of postglacial deposits in cores (hand or machine-driven) and open sections, systematic sampling for grain size analysis and selective sampling for 14C absolute dating and monoliths structural examination. The results indicate that most of the surface drifts in this feature consists of stratified lacustrine deposits. Their Late Pleistocene age is stratigraphically confined by the underlying paleosols and incorporated peats of the Mikulino interglacial age (MIS-5) and several organic-rich layers within the lake sequence 14C dated to the Middle Valdai interstadial (MIS-3). Overlying mantle loams and colluvial deposits with cryogenic features and low organic matter content those facially substitute lacustrine sediments were attributed to the Late Valdai stadial (MIS-2). After the Mid-Holocene stabilization, relatively thin colluvial cover identified by the increased amount of organic matter also deposited. We conclude that lacustrine sedimentation is the primary Late Pleistocene agent that transformed the initial glacial topography and most characteristic type of lithodynamics of the eastern Borisoglebsk Upland.

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Examination of sample preparation methods for the laser grain size analysis of soils with high organic matter content

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.60.2012.2.11 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 381-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Balázs Madarász ◽

Gergely Jakab ◽

Zoltán Szalai ◽

Katalin Juhos

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Sample Preparation ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Grain Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

High Organic Matter Content ◽

Sample Preparation Methods

Talajok szemcseösszetételének vizsgálata előtt nélkülözhetetlen a talajban található eltérő tulajdonságú kötőanyagok feloldása, roncsolása, mivel ezeknek fontos szerepe van a mikro- és makroaggregátumok kialakításában. Ennek hiányában jelentős mennyiségű agyagszemcse marad aggregátumokban, a szemcseösszetételt, agyagtartalmat jelentősen módosítva. Jelen tanulmányban az egyik leggyakoribb ragasztóanyagnak, a talajok humusztartalmának a hatását vizsgáltuk. A statisztikai analízis eredménye szerint a humuszt bontó hidrogén-peroxidos kezelésekkel – a kontrollként használt, humusz nélküli folyóvízi homok kivételével – szignifikánsan nagyobb agyagtartalmat mérünk, mint a MSz szerinti Na-pirofoszfátos kezeléssel. A hidrogén-peroxidos előkészítéssel a talajminták szemcseösszetételének varianciája lényegesen kisebb, mint más kezeléseké, vagyis az intenzívebb előkészítő eljárásokkal a minták szemcseméret eredményeinek különbsége csökken. Az előkészítő eljárások különbségének az okát keresve a talajok humusz- és agyagtartalmának korrelációját elemeztük. A humusz az agyagtartalommal gyengén korrelált. Az 1–5. kezelésekkel kapott agyag- és a talaj humusztartalma között negatív, míg a hidrogén-peroxidos kezelések esetén gyenge pozitív kapcsolatot mutattunk ki. Az ultrahangos kezelések kiemelt jelentőségűek az előkészítésekben, de az agyagtartalomban szignifikáns különbség csak a hidro-gén-peroxidos kezelések esetén mutatható ki. Vizsgálataink megmutatták a talajminták szemcseméret elemzése előkészítésének, az ásványi szemcsék dezaggregálásának fontosságát, valamint azt, hogy a dezaggregálás elégtelensége jelentősen kisebb agyagtartalmat eredményez. Talajok szemcseméret meghatározásában, de különösen a jelentősebb szervesanyag-tartalmú talajokéban a hidrogén-peroxidos előkészítő eljárás használandó. A Na-pirofoszfátnak és az ultrahangos kezelésnek a talajminta diszpergálásában van nagy jelentősége. Szükségesnek tartjuk ezért a hazai talaj szemcseméret-elemzés szabványát (szabványait) felülvizsgálni, továbbá az európai szemcseméret-elemzési eljárások tapasztalatainak megismerését és beépítését a hazai szemcseméret analitikai gyakorlatba.

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Alluvial deposits evolution in the Inaouene river valley (Morocco) during late Pleistocene and Holocene epoch.

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13533 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Lghamour ◽

Lhoucine Karrat ◽

Vincenzo Picotti ◽

Irka Hajdas ◽

Negar Haghipour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Late Pleistocene ◽

Ion Source ◽

River Valley ◽

Middle Pleistocene ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

Alluvial Deposits ◽

Homogeneous Surface ◽

Middle Atlas

&#160; &#160; &#160; The Inaou&#232;ne wadi is a river located in the northern region of Morocco. Its catchment area covers about 5124 km&#178; with an average altitude of 800 m. The tributaries drain the marly reliefs of the Prerif in the northern side, as well as its southern ones are crossing the liasic carbonate and the Paleozoic crystalline rocks of the last Middle Atlas foothills. This region is characterised by a semi-arid Mediterranean climate influenced by the ocean oscillations, the average annual rainfall records 600 mm with a very significant spatial and interannual irregularity.Along the major part of its flow, the Inaou&#232;ne river has cut its bed between the Prerif and the Middle Atlas belts, by following the foreland corridor that separates them. From a pass (Touaher) that marks the corridor closing, the river valley widens from East to West, forming an alluvial plain with a maximum width of 5 km incised by a meandering and highly sinuous stream.&#160; &#160; &#160; Alluvial deposits in this valley are more developed on the Atlas side than at the Prerif foot; At least five levels representing the vestiges of the Lower and Middle Pleistocene terraces are present in the landscape.More recent deposits occupy the valley floor, they constitute a more homogeneous surface showing low terraces abrupts and lateral limits between different sedimentary units. These alluvial deposits correspond to the terminal Pleistocene, middle and upper Holocene epoch. About 30 samples of charcoal and TOC have been selected and analysed using the&#160; AMS 14C dating. Due to the scarcity of organic matter, some of the samples contained less than 0.1 mg of carbon and had to be analysed using the gas ion source (GIS) interface of the MICADAS (Haghipour et al., 2019; Wacker et al.,2013). 12 sections were described in the field and of which 8 sections were analysed regarding grain size, mineralogical composition, carbonate content as well as organic matter in soils and sediments.&#160; &#160; &#160; The analysis results indicate that the late Pleistocene is characterised by a high fluvial activity reflected by the development of braided system river and so coarse material, while fine deposits of floodplains are more abundant during the Holocene.&#8230;&#8230;...........Haghipour, N., Ausin, B., Usman, M. O., Ishikawa, N., Wacker, L., Welte, C., Ueda, K., and Eglinton, T. I., 2019, Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Analysis by Elemental Analyzer-Accelerator Mass Spectrometry: Precision and Limitations: Analytical Chemistry, v. 91, no. 3, p. 2042-2049.Wacker, L., Fahrni, S., Hajdas, I., Molnar, M., Synal, H., Szidat, S., and Zhang, Y., 2013, A versatile gas interface for routine radiocarbon analysis with a gas ion source: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms, v. 294, p. 315-319.

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Changes in the Content and Composition of Pedogenic Iron Oxyhydroxides in a Chronosequence of Soils in Southern California

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/0033-5894(85)90028-6 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 189-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

Leslie D. McFadden ◽

David M. Hendricks

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Southern California ◽

Soil Column ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Middle Pleistocene ◽

Oxide Content ◽

Iron Oxyhydroxides ◽

Fe Oxide ◽

Logarithmic Model ◽

Rate Of Increase

Studies of the pedogenic iron oxyhydroxides in suites of latest Holocene to middle Pleistocene soils formed on fluvial deposits of the transverse ranges, southern California, indicate that the content and composition of iron oxyhydroxide change in a systematic manner. Analysis of total secondary free iron oxides (dithionite extractable, Fe2O3d) and ferrihydrite (oxalate extractable, Fe2O3o) shows that (1) a single-logarithmic model (Y = a + b log X) or double logarithmic model (log Y = a + b log X), where Y is the total mass of pedogenic Fe oxides (g/cm2-soil column) and X is soil age, describes the rate of increase in Fe2O3d with time; (2) the Fe2O3d content correlates linearly with soil reddening and clay content; (3) the Fe2O3oFe2O3d ratio, which indicates the degree of Fe oxide crystallinity, is moderately high to very high (0.22–0.58) in middle Holocene to latest Pleistocene soils and progressively decreases to less than 0.10 in older soils; (4) the value of the Fe2O3oFe2O3d ratio also appears to be infuenced by climate; and (5) temporal changes in Fe oxide content and mineralogy are accompanied by related, systematic changes in clay mineralogy and organic matter content. These relationships are attributed to a soil environment that must initially favor ferrihydrite precipitation and/or organic matter-Fe complexation. Subsequent transformation to hematite causes increasingly intense reddening and a concomitant decrease in the Fe2O3oFe2O3d ratio. The results demonstrate that iron oxide analysis is useful for numerical age studies of noncalcic soils and shows potential as an indicator of paleoclimates.

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Evolution of sedimentation in the Vistula Lagoon of the Baltic Sea due to anthropogenic impact

Revista de la Universidad del Zulia ◽

10.46925//rdluz.33.10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (33) ◽

pp. 131-148

Author(s):

Vladimir A. Chechko

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Bottom Sediments ◽

River Runoff ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Test Sample ◽

Grain Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Vistula Lagoon ◽

The Baltic ◽

The Vistula Lagoon

The work pursued basic objectives: to study the structure of the sedimentary strata, identify the sediment units corresponding to specific sedimentation stages of the late Holocene and evaluate the factors that influenced their formation in the Vistula Lagoon. For the achievement of the goals, well-known methods were used. The thickness of the silt deposits was measured by a hand drill. The grain size analysis of bottom sediments was determined by the mass content of particles of various sizes as a percentage of the test sample mass. The content of the total amount of organic matter in the bottom sediments and the mass loss during calcination was determined by the weight method, the determination of the mineral vivianite was carried out by standard methods accepted in geology. The Research results showed that in the lower part of the cores, organic-rich silts of olive shades are common, formed under the influence of river runoff. The sediment composition in the upper part of the cores is sharply different due to an anthropogenic factor – artificial river runoff regulation. Instead of silty sediments, the lagoon accumulated poorly consolidated, dark gray fine sand and siltstone sediments with small organic matter.

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Vliv říčního dřeva na morfologické a sedimentologické parametry koryta na příkladu meandrujícího toku Odry

Geologické výzkumy na Moravě a ve Slezsku ◽

10.5817/gvms2019-1-2-34 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1-2) ◽

Author(s):

Václav Gurkovský ◽

Tomáš Galia

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Grain Size Analysis ◽

Natural Phenomenon ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Bed Sediments ◽

Odra River ◽

Instream Wood ◽

Main Component ◽

Pool Formation

Instream wood is a natural phenomenon that signifi cantly influences a function of the fluvial system in forested river basins and represents a natural part of this system. However, the majority of these relatios between instream wood and fluvial ecosystems were investigated in mountain streams or gravel-bed rivers and we are lacking field data from lowland meandering rivers. This study deals with the complex assessment of instream wood on morphology and sediment parameters including the content of organic material at spatially detailed scale of the selected bend of the Odra River. Within the site of interest (66.5 river km), 12 instream wood pieces were identified (lenght ≥ 1 m, diameter ≥ 10 cm). Their presence significantly affected river morphology, when they were the main initiator of pool formation. In total, 28 samples of surface bed sediments were collected from the thalweg, bars and lateral pool. In laboratory, samples were subjected to grain size analysis (sieving method) and loss on ignition (LOI) to obtain content of organic matter. The majority of bed sediment samples were coarse grained and these samples were located in the thalweg. The main component of these samples is gravel, often supplemented with admixtures of finer fractions. The analysis of data did not show the effect of instream wood on the deposition of organic matter in bed sediments. One of the reasons may be the presence of coarse grained material which generally contains a small amount of organic matter.

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Land-to-ocean fluxes and biolability of organic matter eroding along the Beaufort Sea coast near Drew Point, Alaska

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9260 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emily Bristol ◽

Craig Connolly ◽

Thomas Lorenson ◽

Bruce Richmond ◽

Anastasia Ilgen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Active Layer ◽

Late Pleistocene ◽

Coastal Erosion ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Beaufort Sea ◽

The Arctic ◽

Series Data ◽

Sea Coast

Coastal erosion rates are increasing along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast due to increases in wave action, the increasing length of the ice-free season, and warming permafrost. These eroding permafrost coastlines transport organic matter and inorganic nutrients to the Arctic Ocean, likely fueling biological production and CO2 emissions. To assess the impacts of Arctic coastal erosion on nearshore carbon and nitrogen cycling, we examined geochemical profiles from eroding coastal bluffs and estimated annual organic matter fluxes from 1955 to 2018 for a 9 km stretch of coastline near Drew Point, Alaska. Additionally, we conducted a laboratory incubation experiment to examine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching and biolability from coastal soils/sediments added to seawater.Three permafrost cores (4.5 &#8211; 7.5 m long) revealed that two distinct horizons compose eroding bluffs near Drew Point: Holocene age, organic-rich (~12-45% total organic carbon; TOC) terrestrial soils and lacustrine sediments, and below, Late Pleistocene age marine sediments with lower organic matter content (~1% TOC), lower carbon to nitrogen ratios, and higher &#948;13C-TOC values. Organic matter stock estimates from the cores, paired with remote sensing time-series data, show that erosional TOC fluxes from this study coastline averaged 1,369 kg C m&#8722;1 yr&#8722;1 during the 21st century, nearly double the average flux of the previous half century. Annual TOC flux from this 9 km coastline is now similar to the annual TOC flux from the Kuparuk River, the third largest river draining the North Slope of Alaska.Experimental work demonstrates that there are distinct differences in DOC leaching yields and the fraction of biodegradable DOC across soil/sediment horizons. When core samples were submerged in seawater for 24 hours, the Holocene age organic-rich permafrost leached the most DOC in seawater (~6.3 mg DOC g-1 TOC), compared to active layer soils and Late-Pleistocene marine-derived permafrost (~2.5 mg DOC g-1 TOC). Filtered leachates were then incubated aerobically in the dark for 26 and 90 days at 20&#176;C to examine biodegradable DOC (i.e. the proportion of DOC lost due to microbial uptake or remineralization). Of this leached DOC, Late Pleistocene permafrost was the most biolabile over 90 days (31 &#177; 7%), followed by DOC from active layer soils (24 &#177; 5%) and Holocene-age permafrost (14% &#177; 3%). If we scale these results to a typical 4 m tall eroding bluff at Drew Point, we expect that ~341 g DOC m-2 will rapidly leach, of which ~25% is biodegradable. These results demonstrate that eroding permafrost bluffs are an increasingly important source of biolabile DOC, likely contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and marine production in the coastal environment.

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The Kovban` site – a complex loess-soil sequence in the Volyn Upland

Physical Geography and Geomorphology ◽

10.17721/phgg.2018.2.02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 24-33

Author(s):

Оleksandr Bonchkovskyi

Keyword(s):

Podzolic Soil ◽

Loess Soil ◽

Grain Size Analysis ◽

Middle Pleistocene ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Brown Forest Soil ◽

Upper Pleistocene ◽

River Incision ◽

Five Phases ◽

Cryogenic Processes

The loess-soil section of Kovban` includes all the stratigraphical units of the Upper Pleistocene, as well as pedosediments and alluvial facies of the Middle Pleistocene pre- and early Dnieper times. On the basis of the field pedolithomorphological description and grain-size analysis, it is proved that the majority of the main stratigraphic units show smaller subdivisions. The Prychernomorsk unit includes two loesses (pc1, pc3) and a Luvisol (pc2). The Dofinivka unit consists of three subunits: two incipient soils are divided by a thin loess subunit (df2). The Bug unit is represented in this section by hillwash and solifluction deposits. The Vytachiv unit is a pedocomplex made up of three well-developed soils, separated by loesses. The soils are a Molic Cambisol (vt3), a Cambisol (vt1b2) and a humic gleysol (vt1b1). The Uday unit consists of two subunits: the lower comprises solifluction deposits, whereas the upper is a loess-like bed. The soil succession of the Pryluky unit is well developed. It consists of three soils – a Molic Cambisol (pl3), a Mollisol (pl1b2) and a sod-podzolic soil (pl1b1). On slopes, the lower soil (pl1b1) is formed on the sands of Tyasmyn unit. The Kaydaky unit is represented by polygenetic sod-podzolic soil. Brown forest soil pedosediments of the last warm period of the Middle Pleistocene overlie Middle Pleistocene alluvial facies. These pedosediments were deformed by syngenetic cryogenic processes and dissected by ground wedges during the Dnieper cryogenic stage. The data obtained indicate that at the end of the Mid Pleistocene, the study area was subjected to uplift that controlled intense river incision and denudation processes. Five phases of cryogenesis have been revealed in the section: dn, ts, pl1b1-b2, ud, bg.

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Late Tortonian – Piacenzian multi-proxy record of Asian southwest monsoon intensification: evidence from Coastal Makran, southeast Iran

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjes-2018-0071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 347-362

Author(s):

Mohammad Hadi Modarres ◽

Hamid Alizadeh Ketek Lahijani ◽

Nasser Keshavarz ◽

Yann Lahaye ◽

Kira Rehfeld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Chemical Weathering ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Southwest Monsoon ◽

Grain Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Carbonate Content ◽

High Precipitation ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Late Tortonian

This study presents a long-term, multi-proxy reconstruction of the Asian southwest monsoon during the Tortonian to Piacenzian, based on a 4.78 Ma record from Coastal Makran, northwestern Gulf of Oman, southeast Iran. The integration of humidity proxies (clay minerals, Th/K, volume magnetic susceptibility, and grain size analysis), marine redox sensitivity (Th/U), total organic matter, carbonate content, 87Sr/86Sr ratio, and spectral gamma-ray data conducted here provide valuable information that fill the existing gap in marine palaeoclimate records. The results show that a strong winter monsoon condition associated with relatively low precipitation and subsequently low physical and chemical weathering dominated the region during late Tortonian – late Messinian (7.65–5.83 Ma). However, a few episodes of intense physical and chemical weathering related to high precipitation are observed during this period (6.23–6.01 Ma), which is consistent with increased organic matter input from continental reservoirs to the oceans. In addition, the data indicate that from the latest Messinian (5.82–5.33 Ma) to Zanclean–Piacenzian (5.33–2.87 Ma), a strong summer monsoon accompanied by a relatively wetter condition and higher physical and chemical weathering resulted in a high detrital input into the basin. This higher weathering period is associated with the highest rate of Himalayan uplift, causing enhanced precipitation. Wavelet analysis of spectral gamma-ray data revealed notable periodicities at 750 Ka and 1.7 Ma, with significant periodicities centered around 5.75–6.03 Ma over the latest Messinian – Zanclean. Comparison with palaeoclimate records from other sites indicates a teleconnection with respect to precipitation, weathering, and productivity, especially during the Messinian–Zanclean transition.

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A reconstruction of late Pleistocene relative sea level in the south Bohai Sea, China, based on sediment grain-size analysis

Sedimentary Geology ◽

10.1016/j.sedgeo.2012.08.007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 88-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Liang Yi ◽

Hongjun Yu ◽

Joseph D. Ortiz ◽

Xingyong Xu ◽

Xiaoke Qiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

Sea Level ◽

Late Pleistocene ◽

Bohai Sea ◽

Grain Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

The South ◽

Relative Sea Level ◽

Sediment Grain Size

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GEOCHEMICAL AND MINERALOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENTS FROM THE GULF OF ELEFSINA -STUDY OF THE ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece ◽

10.12681/bgsg.16597 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Γ. Κανελλοπούλου ◽

Β. Περδικάτσης ◽

Α. Φώσκολος

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Grain Size Analysis ◽

Geochemical Data ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Winter Period ◽

Anoxic Conditions ◽

Average Value ◽

Black Layer ◽

The Impact

Mineralogical and geochemical data on sediment of three sampling locations in the gulf of Elefsina, have been studied in order to access the impact of inorganic pollutants. The gulf is relatively shallow in depth and is connected to Saronicos bay with two shallow channels. This bottom physiography, worses the depositional environment since it receives pollutants of both the city and the industry without having wide towards the open sea. Grain size analysis of the surface sediments indicates that they are classified as sandy loam. However the main characteristic is the widespread appearance of a silty black layer, rich in organic matter. The thickness of the layer is 12 cm and is related to the oxic-anoxic conditions of the surface of the sediments. During the summer period the anoxic conditions promote an increase of the concentration of the organic matter in the bottom sediments which results in the widespread black coloring. The existence of a black layer in the first 10 to 12 cm of the cored sample is attributed to human activity. During the winter period, in which sampling took place, the increase in soluble O2 was responsible for the appearance of a thin brownish color top of the black layer. The thickness of this coloration is 0.5 mm. The pH of the sediments fluctuated between 7.4 and 8.5. The lower pH values are obtained in the top of the sediments while the higher ones in the bottom of the sediments. Data from the cation exchange capacity measurements have asserted the predominant of clays in the west side of the gulf. The distribution of total organic values yields higher values in the eastern side of the gulf (average value 4%) from the western side (average value 2.5%). Mineralogical composition of the sediments yielded the following minerals; quartz, calcite, dolomite, chlorite, illite, albite and alunite. A characteristic fluctuation of the soluble metals Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Μη, Cr, Hg and Cd, was observed, which characterize the environmental condition and pollution of the gulf of Elefsina

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