scholarly journals Structural Abnormalities on MRI in Cases with Epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Gaurav Kaushik ◽  
Madan Manmohan
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Weber Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sturge Weber Syndrome ◽  
History Of Epilepsy ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Introduction: Many treatable anatomical abnormalities of the brain can cause seizures. The present study was done to determine the role of MRI for evaluation of patients with epilepsy. Subjects and Methods: Patients who presented to our hospital with history of epilepsy. i.e two or more episodes of unproved seizures 24 hours apart, underwent MRI study to assess for abnormalities. Patients of either gender and all age groups who were referred to our department for MRI study were included. Results: Generalized tonic clonic seizures were present in 86% of the population and rest had partial seizures. Using MRI, we arrived at a diagnosis as a cause of seizure in 51.3% of the patients and rest of     the 48.7% had a normal MRI study. The most common pathology detected on MRI was infarct with gliosis (24.7%). Less common pathology detected were neurocysticercosis (6.7%), brain atrophy (5.3%), tuberculoma (3.3%), venous thrombosis (2.7%), developmental malformations (2.7%), glioma (1.3%), cavernoma (1.3%), tuberous sclerosis (1.3%), meningioma (0.7%), cerebral abscess (0.7%) and Sturge Weber syndrome (0.7%). Abnormality on MRI was not significantly associated with gender or type of seizure. MR abnormality was observed maximum in patients between 1 to 30 years (30 out of 70 patients i.e. 42.8%) while all the elderly cases showed abnormal MRI, with infract with gliosis being the most common finding. Conclusions : MR imaging should be the first investigation of choice in epileptic syndrome, cerebrovascular disease with seizure, developmental cortical malformations, and vascular malformations.

The Prevalence of Dementia in the Elderly: A Review

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Rockwood ◽  
Karen Stadnyk
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

We reviewed the findings of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging in the context of studies published between January 1986 and June 1993 that documented dementia and Alzheimer's disease prevalence. Studies were identified using a MEDLINE literature search. Additional references were selected from the bibliography of identified articles. Most reports of all types of dementia prevalence are within a narrow range for each of the age groups 65+, 75+ and 85+ years. By contrast, two recent reports on the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease have reported much higher estimates (10.3% and 15.3%) in the elderly (65+ years). A variety of threats to both validity and generalizability of the estimates are present in all studies. In community studies which employed clinical interviews most subjects were only mildly affected; the natural history of impairment of this group requires further study if the consequences of these findings are to be understood. There is important variability in the definition of the functional consequences of cognitive impairment in the elderly which affects both the diagnosis and staging of dementia.

scholarly journals High incidence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, Chongqing, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Tao ◽  
Panke Cheng ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Peng Wan ◽  
Yaokai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Patient ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

SummaryBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 has been a global pandemic, but the emergence of asymptomatic patients has caused difficulties in the prevention of the epidemic. Therefore, it is significant to understand the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsIn this single-center, retrospective and observational study, we collected data from 167 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in Chongqing Public Health Medical Center (Chongqing, China) from January to March 2020. The epidemiological characteristics and variable of these patients were collected and analyzed.Findings82.04% of the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients had a travel history in Wuhan or a history of contact with returnees from Wuhan, showing typical characteristics of imported cases, and the proportion of severe Covid-19 patients was 13.2%, of which 59% were imported from Wuhan. For the patients who was returnees from Wuhan, 18.1% was asymptomatic patients. In different infection periods, compared with the proportion after 1/31/2020, the proportion of asymptomatic patient among SARS-CoV-2 infected patient was higher(19% VS 1.5%). In different age groups, the proportion of asymptomatic patient was the highest(28.6%) in children group under 14, next in elder group over 70 (27.3%). Compared with mild and common Covid-19 patients, the mean latency of asymptomatic was longer (11.25 days VS 8.86 days), but the hospital length of stay was shorter (14.3 days VS 16.96 days).ConclusionThe SARS-CoV-2 prevention needs to focus on the screening of asymptomatic patients in the community with a history of contact with the imported population, especially for children and the elderly population.

Port-wine vascular malformations and glaucoma risk in Sturge-Weber syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debajit Ray ◽  
Anil K. Mandal ◽  
G. Chandrasekhar ◽  
Milind Naik ◽  
Niteen Dhepe
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Port Wine ◽  
Weber Syndrome ◽  
Sturge Weber Syndrome

scholarly journals Focal cortical dysplasia type IIa underlying epileptogenesis in patients with epilepsy associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome

Epilepsia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. e184-e188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuya Murakami ◽  
Takato Morioka ◽  
Satoshi O. Suzuki ◽  
Kimiaki Hashiguchi ◽  
Toshiyuki Amano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focal Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Weber Syndrome ◽  
Sturge Weber Syndrome ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Sturge Weber syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Yam Bahadur Roka
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Partial Seizures ◽  
Weber Syndrome ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scalp Wound ◽  
Skin Nodules ◽  
Sturge Weber Syndrome ◽  
Neurocutaneous Syndrome

Sturge-weber syndrome is a type of neurocutaneous syndrome/ neurooculo cutaneous/ phakomatoses that is characterized by facial capillary Port Wine stain, leptomeningealangioma and glaucoma with a incidence of 1 per 20-50,000 live births. A case is reported that presented to the outpatient clinic with discharging wound over the left side of his head for a week. On examination he had a large left facial PW stain involving all the divisions of the Trigeminal nerve. Further examination revealed he had history of partial seizures since last 10 years with incomplete and irregular treatment. He also had right sided hemiatrophy of the limbs along with medial gaze deviation of the left eyeball. Skull skiagram was done outside which revealed calcifications in his left hemisphere and CT was then advised for his headache and seizure that revealed Left hemispheric Tram track calcifications along with cerebral atrophy and loss of cortical volume. EEG was unremarkable. He was managed with antibiotics for the scalp wound and discharged with Leveteracetam 1000 mg daily dose and asked to attend eye hospital for the reduced vision. With the PW stain, skin nodules, eye findings and the radiological features he was diagnosed as SWS and counseled for regular follow up, use of anti-epileptic medications, probable side effects and surgery for eye abnormalities.

A case report of sudden epileptic death linked to thermal water after mud therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-47
Author(s):  
Sanavio Matteo ◽  
Saladini Marina ◽  
Favretto Donata ◽  
Snenghi Rossella
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Thermal Water ◽  
Toxicological Analysis ◽  
Antiepileptic Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mud Therapy ◽  
History Of Epilepsy ◽  
Medical Indications ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

We present the case of a 60-year-old male, with a long history of epilepsy, who was discovered submerged and unconscious in a small thermal whirlpool bath. The circumstances were forensically reviewed to include examination of clinical data and an autopsy with toxicological analysis. The conclusion was that “warm” hydro-therapy had contributed more than “hot” mud-therapy to the onset of epilepsy which led to accidental drowning, notwithstanding the deceased’s treatment with the long-lasting, poly-drug antiepileptic therapy. Further, we analysed the Italian medical indications of wellness centres for patients with epilepsy or other diseases.

scholarly journals The Pathogenesis of Port Wine Stain and Sturge Weber Syndrome: Complex Interactions between Genetic Alterations and Aberrant MAPK and PI3K Activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vi Nguyen ◽  
Marcelo Hochman ◽  
Martin C. Mihm ◽  
J. Stuart Nelson ◽  
Wenbin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Port Wine Stain ◽  
Port Wine ◽  
Weber Syndrome ◽  
Sturge Weber Syndrome

Port wine stain (PWS) is a congenital vascular malformation involving human skin. Approximately 15–20% of children a facial PWS involving the ophthalmic (V1) trigeminal dermatome are at risk for Sturge Weber syndrome (SWS), a neurocutaneous disorder with vascular malformations in the cerebral cortex on the same side of the facial PWS lesions. Recently, evidence has surfaced that advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of PWS/SWS, including discoveries of somatic genetic mutations (GNAQ, PI3K), MAPK and PI3K aberrant activations, and molecular phenotypes of PWS endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the etiology and pathology of PWS/SWS based on evidence that the activation of MAPK and/or PI3K contributes to the malformations, as well as potential futuristic treatment approaches targeting these aberrantly dysregulated signaling pathways. Current data support that: (1) PWS is a multifactorial malformation involving the entire physiological structure of human skin; (2) PWS should be pathoanatomically re-defined as “a malformation resulting from differentiation-impaired endothelial cells with a progressive dilatation of immature venule-like vasculatures”; (3) dysregulation of vascular MAPK and/or PI3K signaling during human embryonic development plays a part in the pathogenesis and progression of PWS/SWS; and (4) sporadic low frequency somatic mutations, such as GNAQ, PI3K, work as team players but not as a lone wolf, contributing to the development of vascular phenotypes. We also address many crucial questions yet to be answered in the future research investigations.

scholarly journals Use of Intralesional Bleomycin for Oral Hemangioma of Sturge-Weber Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19
Author(s):  
Devayani Shinde ◽  
Yogesh G Dabholkar ◽  
Akanksha A Saberwal ◽  
Haritosh Kamalakar Velankar ◽  
Adip K Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Port Wine Stain ◽  
Port Wine ◽  
Weber Syndrome ◽  
Neurocutaneous Disorder ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sturge Weber Syndrome ◽  
Venous Angiomas ◽  
Head Neck

ABSTRACT Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) or encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis is a rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized with vascular malformations and capillary venous angiomas involving the face, choroid of the eye and leptomeninges with port wine stain, seizures activity and mental retardation. In this paper we report a case of a patient affected by Sturge-Weber syndrome presenting with tongue hemangioma and emphasize the importance of an accurate diagnosis and management in the clinical practice. How to cite this article Shinde D, Dabholkar YG, Saberwal AA, Velankar HK, Shetty AK. Use of Intralesional Bleomycin for Oral Hemangioma of Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):17-19.

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