scholarly journals O efeito da idade relativa influencia o tempo de participação competitiva de atletas de handebol do sexo masculino com até 13 anos de idade (Relative age effect affects the time of competitive participation in male handball athletes aged up to 13 years)

Retos ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 195-198
Author(s):  
Lucas Leonardo ◽  
Cristian Javier Ramirez Lizana ◽  
Tathyane Krahenbühl ◽  
Alcides José Scaglia
Keyword(s):  
Learning Environment ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Opportunities For Learning ◽  
Post Hoc

Resumo: A competição é um ambiente de aprendizagem cuja participação é um elemento de formação esportiva. Este estudo visa analisar as influências do efeito da idade relativa, em inglês, relative age effect (RAE), sobre as decisões dos treinadores no tocante à oportunidade de participação de atletas do sexo masculino de até 13 anos numa competição de handebol. Foram coletados 254 tempos de participação de 100 atletas em 22 partidas. Agrupou-se os dados em gA para atletas com idade acima do 3º quartil; gB para atletas entre o 3º quartil a mediana; gC para atletas com idades entre a mediana e o 1º quartil e gD para atletas com idades abaixo do 1º quartil. Utilizou-se teste de Lilliefors para verificar a normalidade dos dados e teste de Kruskal-Wallis com post-hoc de Tuckey para verificar diferenças nos tempos de participação. Adotou-se o nível de significância de p < .05. O comportamento das medianas indica que em gA metade dos atletas participaram da partida toda, resultado gradualmente menor para os outros grupos. Além disso o tempo de participação de gA foi estatisticamente superior aos demais grupos e gC foi superior a gD. Os resultados indicam que o RAE influencia as decisões dos treinadores em favor da maior oportunidade de prática competitiva aos atletas com idade relativa superior dentro da categoria e, portanto, reforça a ideia de que atletas com desenvolvimento adiantado possuem maiores oportunidades de aprendizagem no ambiente competitivo.Abstract: Competition is a learning environment, the participation in which is an element of sports training. This study aims to analyze the influences of relative age effect (RAE) on coaches’ decisions about the opportunity of participation of u-13 male athletes in handball competitions. A total of 254 participation lapses were collected from 100 athletes during 22 matches. Data was grouped as: gA athletes aged above the 3th quartile; gB athletes aged between the 3th quartile and median, gC athletes aged between the median and 1st quartile, gD athletes with ages below the 1st quartile. A Kruskal-Wallis test with Tuckey post-hoc was used to determine differences in participation time. The significance level adopted was p < .05. The gA median indicate that 50% of the athletes participated in whole match; that result was gradually lower in the other groups. Also, gA participation time was statistically higher than other groups, and gC participation time was higher than gD. These results indicate that RAE influences coaches’ decisions, as they give more opportunities of competitive practice to athletes with higher relative age. Therefore, our outcomes reinforce the idea that athletes with early development have greater opportunities for learning in a competitive environment.Resumen: La competición es un ambiente de aprendizaje cuya participación es un elemento de formación deportiva. El presente estudio pretende analizar la influencia del efecto de la edad relativa, en inglés relative age effect (RAE), sobre las decisiones de los entrenadores referentes a la oportunidad de participación en partidos de balonmano, de atletas masculinos sub 13. Se recolectaron 254 tiempos de participación de 100 atletas en 22 partidos. Se agruparon los datos en gA los atletas de edades mayores al 3° cuartil; gB para atletas con edades entre el 3°cuartil y la mediana, gC para atletas con edades entre la mediana y el 1º cuartil y gD para atletas con edades por debajo del 1° cuartil. Se utilizó prueba de Lilliefors para comprobar la normalidad de los datos y la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis com post-hoc de Tuckey para verificar las diferencias en el tiempo de participación. La adoptó un nivel de significancia de p < 0,05. El comportamiento de las medianas indica que en gA la mitad de los atletas participaron en todo el partido, resultado que se presentó gradualmente inferior en los demás grupos. Además, el tiempo de participación de gA fue estadísticamente superior a los otros tres grupos y gC fue superior a gD. Los resultados indican que el RAE influye en las decisiones de los entrenadores a favor de una mayor oportunidad de práctica competitiva a los atletas con edad relativa superior dentro de la categoría y, por lo tanto, refuerza la idea de que los atletas con mayor desarrollo tienen mayores oportunidades para el aprendizaje en el entorno competitivo.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE RELATIVE AGE EFFECT ON HEIGHT, MOTOR PERFORMANCE AND TECHNICAL ELEMENTS OF OLYMPIC VOLLEYBALL ATHLETES

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Luiz José Frota Solon Junior ◽  
Luiz Vieira da Silva Neto
Keyword(s):  
Team Sports ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction The Relative Age Effect (RAE) refers to the chronological age difference that occurs between athletes of the same age category, which can benefit individuals born in the first two quartiles of the year. This phenomenon is commonly studied in team sports, yet the results are still inconsistent, especially in volleyball. Objective This study analyzed the distribution of the number of births per quartile of Olympic volleyball athletes and whether this would influence anthropometric/motor variables and technical elements. Methods The sample consisted of 116 male athletes who scored during the Rio 2016 Olympics. For data analysis, we identified each athlete’s quartile as well as data on height, attack and defensive (or block) range, and respective scores during the games. The Chi-square test was then used to verify interquartile distribution. To assess the normality of the other variables, we conducted the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Once accepted, one-way ANOVA was performed with the Bonferroni post-hoc test to verify significance between quartiles. A significance level of p≤0.05 was adopted. Results There was no significant difference in the distribution of athletes between quartiles (p = 0.74). When comparing the other variables in terms of the athletes’ trimester of birth, we did not observe any significant difference between height (p = 0.79), attack (p=0.59) and defensive range (p=0.07), and in the scores for serving, attacking and blocking between quartiles either. Conclusion The Relative Age Effect was not observed in Olympic volleyball athletes, therefore this phenomenon is not related to the athletes’ performance. This shows that other possible variables may influence the development of these athletes, discarding the relative age phenomenon. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective and Comparative Study.

scholarly journals The relative age-related participation trends in European Badminton

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
MERT BILGIC ◽  
ERHAN DEVRILMEZ
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Tests ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
European Youth

Background: T he purpose of this study was to identify the relative age effect (RAE) in European youth badminton through examining participation trends. Material and methods: T he birthdate distributions of 1909 badminton players (males = 994, females = 915) participating in the last three consecutive European U15, U17 and Junior (U19) Badminton Championships were analysed. Chi-square (χ²) goodness-of-fit tests were used to determine inter-quartile differences, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to compare quartiles with each other. Results: Statistically significant over-representation of players born shortly after the cut-off date was determined. Regarding gender, RAE was more notable in males compared to females, and the strongest results were determined in U15 compared to the other age categories. Moreover, striking trends were determined in Q1–Q4 comparisons, particularly as players in Q1 were more than twice for females and thrice for males as likely to participate in the European Badminton Championships. Conclusions: F indings of this study confirm the presence of RAE in European youth badminton though decreasing its intensity with age. Certain precautions or different approaches should be taken into consideration to organize the age categories, such as biological markers, variations, rotations or age quota for equal opportunities.

scholarly journals Efeito da idade relativa no Campeonato Brasileiro de Basquete: Categoria sub-15

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
Helder Zimmermann de Oliveira ◽  
Dilson Borges Ribeiro Junior ◽  
Jeferson Macedo Vianna ◽  
Francisco Zacaron Werneck
Keyword(s):  
Age Effect ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Age Category

In sport, the relative age effect (RAE) refers to the advantages of participation and performance that athletes born in the first months of the selection year have in relation to those within the same age category. The aim of the present study was to investigate the RAE in athletes of the Brazilian Basketball Championship of the U-15 category in 2015, analyzing differences between sexes, geographic region, competitive level and performance of teams. The information of teams and the birth quarter (quartile) of 530 basketball players were obtained through the website of the Brazilian Basketball Confederation. The results showed greater representation of male athletes born in the first months of the year, the first and second divisions, of the Southeastern, Northern and Mid-Western regions and in female medalists. It was concluded that the RAE is present in Brazilian U-15 male basketball players, being higher in athletes of higher competitive level, particularly in the Southeastern, Northern and Mid-Western regions of Brazil. In addition, RAE proved to be associated with the winning of women’s medals. 

scholarly journals Efecto de la edad relativa para el desarrollo del talento en jóvenes triatletas (Relative age effect for talents’ development in young triathletes)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Alberto Ferriz Valero ◽  
Sergio Sellés Pérez ◽  
Miguel García Jaén ◽  
Roberto Cejuela Anta
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect

El mes de nacimiento tiene importantes implicaciones en el desarrollo del talento deportivo, especialmente para algunos deportes y grupos de edad. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el efecto de la edad relativa -EER- en jóvenes triatletas. Para ello, se identificó el cuartil de nacimiento de 160 triatletas cadetes que participaron en liga de triatlón valenciana durante el periodo 2012-2016, clasificando, por un lado, aquéllos que formaron parte de los programas de tecnificación y, por otro, los que obtuvieron medalla. Se aplicaron los test estadísticos Chi-cuadrado, Kruskal-Wallis y el test de contraste de proporciones a través de SPSS®y Microsoft Excel®. Los resultados mostraron que los triatletas nacidos en el primer cuartil del año predominan en los programas de tecnificación en triatlón y obtienen más medallas que el resto, especialmente de oro.Abstract. The month of birth has important implications for the development of sports talents, especially for some sports and age groups. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of relative age -RAE - in young triathletes. For this reason, during the period 2012-2016 the birth quartile of 160 young triathletes who participated in the Valencian Triathlon League was identified, categorizing those who took part in high performance programs on one side, and on the other those who achieved medals. Chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis, and proportion contrast tests were applied through SPSS® and Microsoft Excel®. The results showed that triathletes born in the first quartile of the year predominate in triathlon high performance programs and win more medals than the rest, especially gold ones.

Relative Age Effect in Japanese Male Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nakata ◽  
Kiwako Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Age Effect ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Japanese Male

scholarly journals Relative age effect in Brazilian handball selections

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar da Costa ◽  
◽  
Flavio Afonso Montes ◽  
Vinicius Muller Reis Weber ◽  
Paulo Henrique Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Game Position

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative age effect (RAE) in Brazilian male handball teams who competed in the world championships in the U-19, U-21, and adult categories. The sample was composed by 160 male handball players, 47 players being on U-19 category, 48 on U-21, and 65 on Adult category. The chronological age, body mass, height, and game position of each athlete were obtained on the International Federation of Handball website. The adopted significance level was of 5%. RAE was observed in all the three following categories U-19 (X2=21.511, P<0.01), U-21 (X2=15.894, P=0.01) and Adults (X2=35.123, P<0.01). Moreover, no RAE was found in re-selection process by sequential category (P= 0.63, U-19 to U-21; P= 0.46, U-21 to Adult). The RAE is found in Brazilian male handball national teams. However, this effect was not found in re-selection process, thus, players have great influence of RAE in U-19 and this remains through subsequent categories.

scholarly journals Relative age effect on competitive performance in judo athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Victor Ramalho Lucena ◽  
Pedro Pinheiro Paes ◽  
Gustavo Augusto Fernandes Correia ◽  
Bruna Giovana Correia Souza ◽  
Mayllane Pereira da Silva Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

The difference of chronological age in an age group is called Relative Age (RA) and its consequences on the performance of athletes is called Relative Age Effect (RAE). It is believed that the RAE among young athletes can affect their competitive success in many ways, even into adulthood. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the EIR in all judo competitors of the national competitions of the year 2013, making the differentiation by age categories and the competitive performance. This study included 862 male athletes and 637 female athletes. The chi-square was used to compare the observed and expected values among quartiles, adopting significance as p < 0.05. A post hoc Bonferroni analysis was used to identify where the significant differences were (adjusted p < 0.00417). The results showed a significant difference in the male sub-15 categories (Q2 in G1: OV= 17, EV = 9.7, p = 0.001) and male sub-23 (Q1 in G3: OV= 37, EV = 10.1; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the RAE was only identified in male athletes. However, there was great discrepancy between athletes born in the first semester and athletes born in the second semester.

scholarly journals Relative Age Effect in 14- to 18-Year-Old Athletes and Their Initial Approach to This Effect—Has Anything Changed Over the Past 10 Years?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronnie Lidor ◽  
Zohar Maayan ◽  
Michal Arnon
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Team Handball ◽  
Sport Programs ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
High Level

One of the environmental variables associated with early talent development and the achievement of a high level of proficiency in sport is the relative age effect (RAE). The purpose of our study was threefold: (a) to calculate the RAE in young Israeli athletes (ages 14–18 years); (b) to examine how the athletes perceived this effect, if the effect indeed exists; and (c) to compare the RAE findings of this study with those of two previous studies on elite male (Lidor et al., 2010) and female (Lidor et al., 2014) Israeli ballplayers. Participants in the current study were 1,397 athletes (390 females and 1,007 males) who competed in five individual (gymnastics, judo, swimming, tennis, and track and field) and five team (basketball, soccer, team handball, volleyball, and water polo) sports. Data on the RAE, as well as on a number of aspects associated with this effect as perceived by the athletes, were collected via two closed questions. Data analyses showed that the RAE was found to be significant among the male athletes in four sports—swimming, basketball, soccer, and team handball; those who were born early in the year had a higher representation in these sport programs. However, this effect was not found to be significant in the female athletes. Most of the female and male athletes did not think that their birth date influenced their athletic success. However, a large portion of those who were born in the first quarter of the year (Q1) and the second quarter of the year (Q2) among the male athletes felt that they exhibited stronger abilities in the sports program compared to their peers who were born in the third and fourth quarters of the year (Q3 and Q4, respectively). The data of the current study provide additional support for the use of an “open door” approach to accepting children to sport programs by policymakers and coaches in Israel.

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