scholarly journals A Study on Hospital Acquired Infections among Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Darjeeling District, West Bengal

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Maumita De ◽  
Diptanshu Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Introduction Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI), also called ‘Nosocomial Infections’ are identified at least 48-72 hours following admission to health institution. In many hospitals, HAI appears to be a hidden, cross-cutting problem. Thus a continuous surveillance is imperative for determining the extent of the problem and its effective prevention and control. Present study determines the incidence and different types of hospital acquired infections and the bacterial pathogens responsible for those. Materials and Methods An observational longitudinal study was undertaken during January to June 2014, among 107 patients admitted in ENT wards of North Bengal Medical College and Hospital (NBMCH), selected by consecutive inclusion technique. Information was taken using a predesigned, pretested semi-structured schedule. The collected data were analyzed as frequencies, percentages and means ± standard deviations. Results The present study found incidence rate of hospital acquired infections as 19.6% and incidence density as 26.35 per 1000 patient days. Surgical site infection was commonest type (57.2%) followed by urinary tract infection (23.8%) and blood stream infection (19.0%) respectively. 15.4% of blood cultures, 100.0% of surgical wound swab cultures and 21.7% of urine cultures were positive and gram negative bacteria were most frequently occurring organisms. Most commonly found bacteria were Pseudomonas and Klebsiella. Discussion Background characteristics of the study population; incidence rate, the different types of hospital acquired infections among those admitted patients and the bacterial pathogens responsible for those infections have been discussed along with review of literature. Conclusion Even if in a tertiary health care facility, hospital acquired infection rate could not be brought down into <10%. So implementation of stringent guidelines on prevention of HAI and continuous surveillance and monitoring system can help to diminish this problem in future.

scholarly journals Hospital ward design and prevention of hospital-acquired infections: A prospective clinical trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Ellison ◽  
Danielle Southern ◽  
Donna Holton ◽  
Elizabeth Henderson ◽  
Jean Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Hospital Ward ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

BACKGROUND: Renovation of a general medical ward provided an opportunity to study health care facility design as a factor for preventing hospital-acquired infections.OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a hospital ward designed with predominantly single rooms was associated with lower event rates of hospital-acquired infection and colonization.METHODS: A prospective controlled trial with patient allocation incorporating randomness was designed with outcomes on multiple ‘historic design’ wards (mainly four-bed rooms with shared bathrooms) compared with outcomes on a newly renovated ‘new design’ ward (predominantly single rooms with private bathrooms).RESULTS: Using Poisson regression analysis and adjusting for time at risk, there were no differences (P=0.18) in the primary outcome (2.96 versus 1.85 events/1000 patient-days, respectively). After adjustment for age, sex, Charlson score, admitted from care facility, previous hospitalization within six months, isolation requirement and the duration on antibiotics, the incidence rate ratio was 1.44 (95% CI 0.71 to 2.94) for the new design versus the historic design wards. A restricted analysis on the numbers of events occurring in single-bed versus multibed wings within the new design ward revealed an event incidence density of 1.89 versus 3.47 events/1000 patient-days, respectively (P=0.18), and an incidence rate ratio of 0.54 (95% CI 0.15 to 1.30).CONCLUSIONS: No difference in the incidence density of hospital-acquired infections or colonizations was observed for medical patients admitted to a new design ward versus historic design wards. A restricted analysis of events occurring in single-bed versus multibed wings suggests that ward design warrants further study.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Staff nurses on Hospital Acquired Infections in tertiary care Hospital of Dhaka city

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASM Anwarul Kabir ◽  
Farjana Akhter ◽  
Mahbuba Sharmin ◽  
Khaleda Akhter ◽  
Mosammat Beauty Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Introduction : Hospital acquired Infections (HAIs) are called those infections that were not present at the time of patient’ hospitalization in a hospital and have been acquired after hospitalization. Nurses are an important part of the any healthcare team who play a unique role in the control of Hospital acquired infections. Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of staff nurses about preventing the spread of hospital acquired infections (HAIs) at tertiary care Hospital of Dhaka city. Methods and Materials : This descriptive cross-sectional study was done among nurses having two years experience from two tertiary level hospitals in Dhaka city during January to June 2017. Self administered questionnaire containing different set of questions regarding knowledge, attitude and practice on HAI were used as a tool for data collection. Questionnaire was supplied to all staff nurses available at different in-patient wards of these two hospitals. Only 234 staff nurses who completed and returned the questionnaire were included in this study. Data were analyzed using Microsoft excel 2013 software. Result : Staff nurses were found to have good knowledge, moderately positive attitude but poor practice in prevention of hospital acquired infections. About 95% of the participants considered that prevention of HAIs were a valuable part of their role. About 65% of the staff nurses had received formal training regarding hand hygiene. The 100 % of participants felt that they would be less likely to transmit infection to the patients if they performed hand-hygiene. About 64% of them argued that hand hygiene agents were not readily available in current settings. Regarding practice, only 6% performed hand hygiene before patients contact and 27% of the staff nurses reported that they often forgot to perform hand hygiene. Conclusion : The finding of this study revealed a good knowledge of infection prevention among the majority of participants with relatively minimal level of practice. For strengthening the knowledge, attitude and practice towards HAIs, there is in need of developing regular training program and monitoring on performance feedback regarding hand hygiene is recommended. Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10(1) Jul 2018: 347-350

scholarly journals A Comparative Study: Knowledge and Practices amongst Post-Operative Patients Regarding Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI) between Private and Public Tertiary Care Setup in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Asna Shahab ◽  
◽  
Tahir Sultan Shamsi ◽  
Erum Afaq ◽  
Omer Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Hospital ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract: Background: Hospital Acquired Infection (HAI) is a major global safety concern for the health system as it increases mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay and contributes to the economic burden. These infections are prevalent in hospitals of developing countries such as Pakistan, due to limited resources, unsafe infection control practices and under reporting. However, post-operative patients are more prone to these infections due to immunocompromised state, antibiotic resistance, and most importantly lack of awareness regarding HAIs and their respective preventive measures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to highlight some of the serious but avoidable aspects of this largely ignored but important issue of HAIs in public and private tertiary care hospitals by assessing and comparing the need of knowledge and awareness in post-operative patients to minimize risks which in turn will decrease incidence, morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among post-operative patients of Liaquat National Hospital and Civil Hospital (private and public tertiary care hospital, respectively), over a period of 1 year (July 2017-2018) in Karachi. Individual interviews following verbal consent were taken using a pre-coded questionnaire, which was divided into 3 sections to analyze the social and demographic, knowledge and practices of the patients. We excluded patients with impaired comprehension, less than 15 years of age and those who were reluctant to participate. Data was analyzed using SPSS v.22.0. Pearson’s chi-square was used as the primary statistical test. Results: Three-fifty post-operative patients from each, public and private hospital were enrolled. The mean age was found to be 38.41 ± 16.57 years and 40.3% of patients were uneducated. Knowledge regarding the modes of spread, types and risk factors for hospital acquired infections was significantly associated with patients admitted in private hospital, female gender and a higher education level.

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