First Records of Freshwater Sponges (Porifera: Spongillidae) for Great Smoky Mountains National Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
John E. Copeland ◽  
Stan C. Kunigelis ◽  
Emily A. Stuart ◽  
Kayleigh A. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
National Park ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Freshwater Sponges ◽  
Great Smoky Mountains ◽  
Smoky Mountains ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A survey of four selected streams in the Tennessee portion of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park was conducted to document the presence of freshwater sponges. Streams were surveyed by wading and observing rock and log substrates for sponges. Sponges were viewed with a 10X magnifier for gemmules. If gemmules were present a portion of the sponge containing gemmules was collected. Scanning electron microscopy of gemmules and spicules was used for taxonomic identification. Two species, Radiospongilla crateriformis and Trochospongilla horrida, were discovered. Both were found in the Abrams Creek embayment of Chilhowee Lake. These findings represent the first records of freshwater sponges within the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

scholarly journals A reexamination of Yuknessia from the Cambrian of British Columbia and Utah

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven T. LoDuca ◽  
Jean-Bernard Caron ◽  
James D. Schiffbauer ◽  
Shuhai Xiao ◽  
Anthony Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
British Columbia ◽  
National Park ◽  
Red Alga ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Burgess Shale ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinity ◽  
New Material ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractTo investigate the phylogenetic affinity of Yuknessia simplex Walcott, 1919, scanning electron microscopy was applied to the Burgess Shale (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5) type material and to new material from the Trilobite Beds (Yoho National Park) and specimens from the Cambrian of Utah. On the basis of fine-scale details observed using this approach, including banding structure interpreted as fusellae, Yuknessia Walcott, 1919 is transferred from the algae, where it resided for nearly a century, to the extant taxon Pterobranchia (Phylum Hemichordata). Considered as such, Yuknessia specimens from the Trilobite Beds and Spence Formation (Utah) are amongst the oldest known colonial pterobranchs. Two morphs regarded herein as two different species are recognized from the Trilobite Beds based on tubarium morphology. Yuknessia simplex has slender erect tubes whereas Yuknessia stephenensis n. sp., which is also known in Utah, has more robust erect tubes. The two paratypes of Y. simplex designated by Walcott (1919) are formally removed from Yuknessia and are reinterpreted respectively as an indeterminate alga and Dalyia racemata Walcott, 1919, a putative red alga.

scholarly journals Atractis thapari (Nematoda, Atractidae) parasitizing Chelonoidis carbonarius and C. denticulatus (Testudinidae) in the state of Piauí, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153
Author(s):  
Anangela Ravena da Silva Leal ◽  
Simone Mousinho Freire ◽  
Marcelo Knoff ◽  
Delir Corrêa Gomes ◽  
Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
New Host ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Atractis thapari Petter, 1966, an atractid nematode, was collected parasitizing the large intestine of tortoises of the species Chelonoidis carbonarius (Spix, 1824) (Cc) and C. denticulatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Cd) (Testudinidae) in the Zoobotanical Park of the municipality of Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil. Taxonomic identification was based on morphological and morphometrical features, and using bright-field and scanning electron microscopy. The present study adds new observations on the morphology of A. thapari, mainly relating to mouth papillae, the excretory pore, deirids, and male and female posterior ends. The parasitic indices of prevalence (P), mean intensity (MI), mean abundance (MA) and range of infection (RI) for A. thapari in these two tortoise species were: P = 100%, MI = 154,667, MA = 154,667, RI = 5,500-588,500 (Cc); P = 100%, MI = 93,639, MA = 93,639, RI = 1,000-224,500 (Cd). This report confirms the occurrence of A. thapari in Neotropical region, South America, Brazil, and extends its occurrences to a new host, the tortoise C. carbonarius. Adjustment of host management with the aim of improving hygiene and health conditions is suggested.

Taxonomic Identification of Rhabdochona Species Found in Oncorhynchus Clarki Using Scanning Electron Microscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1148-1149
Author(s):  
D. Young ◽  
R.A. Heckmann ◽  
J. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Adult Rhabdochona nematodes, commonly parasitizing fish, were present in the digestive tracts of cutthroat trout in Little Cottonwood Creek, Utah. Cutthroat trout, Oncorhyncus clarki, are known to serve as both intermediate and definitive hosts for parasitic nematodes. The larval stage parasitizes almost any tissue of its host, but the adult is always found in the digestive tract. Due to the lack of key morphological features, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify specific structures leading to the nematode's taxonomic identification.Cutthroat trout were obtained using a rod and reel and were dissected the same day. Nematodes were present in all 12 cutthroat trout residing in all parts of the digestive tract. The nematodes, Rhabdochona sp., were prepared for SEM using the following procedures. First, the parasites were fixed in 2% buffered glutaraldehyde, washed in sodium cacodylate buffer, and post fixed in a 1% solution of osmium tetroxide. The samples were then washed in the same buffer system and dehydrated through a graded alcohol series. Critical-point-drying removed the remaining fluids. Finally, the nematodes were placed on specimen stubs, sputter coated with gold, and each specimen examined with a JOEL-840 high resolution scanning electron microscope with micrographs taken at varying magnifications.

Redescription of Lamproglena Clariae Fryer, 1956 (Copepoda, Lernaeidae), With Notes On Its Occurrence and Distribution

Crustaceana ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Avenant-Oldewage ◽  
Hazel M. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Gill Parasite ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Olifants River ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe morphology of the gill parasite Lamproglena clariae Fryer, 1956, from the Olifants River, Kruger National Park, South Africa, was studied with the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy. Ultrastructural details of all appendages are given as well as a table and map with information on the occurrence and distribution of L. clariae in Africa. Important morphological findings include: the observation of only one claw on the maxilla; first time findings and descriptions of the nuchal organ, upper and lower lips, the fifth pair of legs and circular openings on all appendages.

A new species of Acanthella Schmidt, 1862 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Dictyonellidae) from northeast region, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4555 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
ELIELTON NASCIMENTO ◽  
THAYNÃ CAVALCANTI ◽  
ULISSES PINHEIRO
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Acanthella Schmidt, 1862 species are characterized by choanosomal skeleton of dendritic tracts cored by interwoven sinuously bent strongyles or strongyloxeas and echinated by straight styles, oxeas or anisoxeas (Van Soest et al. 2002). The genus Acanthella comprises 33 valid species, with six known from the Atlantic Ocean (Van Soest et al. 2018). Previously, the only record for Brazil was A. flagelliformis (Van Soest & Stentoft, 1988) (Muricy 2018). Species of the genus include a transition from shrub like ‘Axinellas’ and herbaceous species similar to the genus Suberites Nardo, 1833 (Schmidt 1862; Vosmaer 1912). Due to its heterogeneous complex of species, Acanthella has been confused with other axinellids. Similarities were seen in genera such as Phakellia (Van Soest et al. 2002), which shares spicule complement and comparable choanosomal skeletons. In the present study, we describe a new species of Acanthella from oceanographic expeditions of the northeast region of Brazil. Two specimens of Acanthella sp. nov. were collected by dredging at Ceará and Pernambuco State, Brazil. All specimens were preserved in 92% ethanol and deposited in the Porifera Collections at the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPEPOR). The taxonomic identification was carried out through analysis of spicules morphologies, using Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), following methods described by Hajdu et al. (2011). 

Morphology of Chrysastrella paradoxa stomatocysts from the Subpolar Urals (Russia) with comments on related morphotypes

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 402 (6) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
DMITRY KAPUSTIN ◽  
IRINA STERLYAGOVA ◽  
ELENA PATOVA
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
National Park ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Subpolar Urals ◽  
Mass Development ◽  
Scanning Electron

For many years Chrysastrella Chodat has been a cyst genus but recently it has been re-instated and re-defined. Currently, Chrysastrella contains Ochromonas-like flagellates including O. tuberculata Hibberd which was synonymized with the type species, Chrysastrella paradoxa Chodat. A mass development of stomatocysts, which we identified as Ch. paradoxa, was observed in a bog on the territory of “Yugyd va” National Park (the Subpolar Urals, Russia). The morphology of stomatocysts was studied by scanning electron microscopy and compared with previously described similar morphotypes. Stomatocysts #80 Hansen, #1 Wołowski & Płachno and #4 Bai & Chen seem to be identical to Chrysastrella paradoxa stomatocysts and we propose to reduce them to synonymy.

scholarly journals Anisakid larva parasitizing Plagioscion squamosissimus in Marajó Bay and Tapajós River, state of Pará, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Fontenelle ◽  
Marcelo Knoff ◽  
Nilza Nunes Felizardo ◽  
Eduardo José Lopes Torres ◽  
Edilson Rodrigues Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
First Record ◽  
South American ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Infection Site ◽  
Anisakid Nematodes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract In November 2014 and May 2015, a total of 44 specimens of the South American silver croaker Plagioscion squamosissimus were collected: 30 in Marajó Bay and 14 in the Tapajós River, state of Pará, Brazil. The aim was to investigate the presence of anisakid nematodes and determine their parasitism indices and sites of infection, because of their importance regarding health inspection. Sixty-nine Anisakis sp. larvae were found; among them, 16 larvae in seven fish collected in Marajó Bay and 53 larvae in four fish in the Tapajós River. The parasitism indices of the nematodes collected from the fish in Marajó Bay comprised prevalence (P) of 23%, mean infection intensity (MI) of 2.28, mean abundance (MA) of 0.53, range of infection (RI) of 1-4, and infection site (IS) in the mesentery. The fish from the Tapajós River showed P = 28%, MI = 13.2, MA = 3.8, RI = 1-22, and IS = mesentery and intestine. To assist in taxonomic identification, images of the specimens obtained through optical microscopy with Nomarski's interferential contrast system and scanning electron microscopy were used. This is the first record of Anisakis sp. parasitizing P. squamosissimus.

Pestalotiopsis guepinii, a Taxol-producing Endophyte of the Wollemi Pine, Wollemia nobilis

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Strobel ◽  
W. M. Hess ◽  
Jia-Yao Li ◽  
Eugene Ford ◽  
Joe Sears ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hydrophobic Surfaces ◽  
Taxus Brevifolia ◽  
Native Birds ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Sydney Australia

Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi pine), an araucariaceous plant, whose closest known relatives are from the Jurassic period, occurs in the Wollemi National Park near Sydney, Australia. This tree is host to many endophytic fungi, including Pestalotiopsis guepinii which produces taxol, an important anticancer drug. It was shown by immunological, spectroscopic and chromatographic means to be identical with authentic taxol obtained from Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew). Since the Wollemi pine does not produce taxol, how might a taxol-producing fungus be present in this unusual tree? Spores of P. guepinii possess several appendages which strongly interact with hydrophobic surfaces including plastics and the pinnae of birds’ feathers. Scanning electron microscopy of the conidia of P. guepinii clearly shows the spores on the feathers of a green-checked conure and a cockatiel. Conceivably, the fungus may have acquired the ability to produce taxol from a foreign or local yew and then is carried to the Wollemi pine site by native birds.

Stomatocysts of Chrysastrella paradoxa Chodat (Chrysophyceae) from herb-mosses mire at the western slope of the Subpolar Urals (Russia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Irina N. Sterlyagova ◽  
Elena N. Patova ◽  
Dmitry A. Kapustin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
National Park ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Subpolar Urals ◽  
Scanning Electron

Stomatocysts of Chrysastrella paradoxa was observed in a herb-mosses mire on the territory of “Yugyd va” National Park (the Subpolar Urals, Russia). The morphology of stomatocysts was studied by scanning electron microscopy. This is the second record of Ch. paradoxa in Russia.

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