Seasonal and Long-Term Variability of Coccolithophores in the Black Sea According to Remote Sensing Data and the Results of Field Investigations

Based on satellite data from the SeaWiFS, MODIS-Aqua, and MODIS-Terra scanners, the long-term dynamics of coccolithophores in the Black Sea and their large-scale heterogeneity have been studied. During the twenty years in May and June, mass development of coccolithophores population of different intensities was recorded annually. Summer blooms of coccolithophores reached peak levels in 2006, 2012, and 2017, after abnormally cold winters. It was noted that in conditions of low summer temperatures, the blooming of coccolithophores could be significantly reduced or acquire a local character (2004). In the anomalous cold summer of 2001, coccolithophore blooms were replaced by the mass growth of diatoms. Over twenty years, numerous signs of coccolithophores mass development in the cold season have been revealed. Winter blooms develop mainly in warm winters with periods of low wind activity. The formation of a thermocline and the surface layer’s stability are essential factors for initiating winter blooms of coccolithophores. It was noted that after the winter blooms of coccolithophores, their summer growth was poorly expressed. It is shown that during periods of rapid growth, the bulk of coccolithophores is concentrated in the upper mixed layer and thermocline. During the blooming period, the share of coccolithophores in phytoplankton biomass constituted 70–85%. The intensity of coccolithophore’s blooms is associated with the previous diatoms’ growth level. The effect of eddies circulation on the distribution and growth of coccolithophores is considered.

Recognition of the Cybersecurity State of IoT devices

The identification of the cybersecurity (CS) state of Internet of things (IoT) devices determines the necessity to search for and improve approaches to detecting various threat types. The unification used in the mass development of IoT devices facilitates software and hardware modification to block certain built-in protective functions from the side of a potential intruder. A need arises to develop universal methods for identifying the cybersecurity state of devices using comprehensive approaches to analyzing data from internal and external information channels. The article presents an approach to identifying the cybersecurity of IoT devices based on processing time series recorded from sensors during various processes, and internal and external (thirdparty) sources. The approach is based on classification methods. The presented solution uses template sequences containing synchronized time series showing numerical values obtained from various probes and sensors during process execution. The proposed approach makes it possible to identify IoT device cybersecurity states without increasing the volume of information stored and processed in internal resources.

METHOD OF DESIGNING RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES IN VORONEZH WITH THE USE OF BLOCK-SECTIONS OF COMPLEX CONFIGURATION

Statement of the problem. Improving the architectural and artistic appearance of the new development of the city, its individualization has long been an urgent problem. In the 1960s and 70s, many houses were built in Voronezh according to standard projects, which made the development of new areas of the city monotonous and of the same type. New districts in different cities of our country have lost their identity, have become similar to each other. In Voronezh, the monotony and monotony of new built and under construction areas such as Shilovo, Otradnoye and other microdistricts have created a problem that again needs to be solved. The development is very monotonous and impersonal, because it is conducted according to standard (re-used) projects with a very limited list of standard sections. Results. The methodology of the approach to design proposed by the authors of the projects of residential complexes allowed us to implement a number of objects of mass development quite interesting, not similar to each other. The article analyzes several residential complexes of mass development built in Voronezh, the architectural originality of which was achieved through the development and use of block sections of complex configuration.Conclusions. The use of sections of complex configuration can help urban planners working on projects of new residential complexes to find original space-planning solutions that ensure the uniqueness of the development of Voronezh. The architectural and artistic quality of the new districts, provided that they are unique and diverse, will be worthy of the historical center of the city of Voronezh.

Drinking Water Supply under the Conditions of Mass Development of Blue-green Algae in Reservoirs.

An assessment of the pollution of a surface source of water supply (the Kuibyshev reservoir) with metabolites of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) under conditions of an increase in biogenic load is carried out. During the period of mass development of cyanobacteria, the quality of water in the reservoir deteriorates in terms of a number of indicators, including smell, taste, and content of organic and toxic substances. Among the wide range of cyanoxins, the greatest danger to the population is microcystin-LR, the concentration of which in drinking water should not exceed 1 μg/dm3. The growth of anthropogenic load and global warming of the climate create favorable conditions for the rapid development of cyanobacteria, therefore, the problem of providing the population with high-quality drinking water will only worsen in the future. Traditional methods used at drinking water treatment plants in Volga cities are ineffective in removing intracellular and extracellular cyanotoxins. The best and safest barrier against the ingress of cyanotoxins into drinking water can be membrane technologies that allow ultrafiltration of bacterial cells without mechanical damage and nanofiltration of cyanotoxins dissolved in water.

RECONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS OF THE FIRST MASS SERIES WITH USE OF A HIGH-RISE SUPERSTRUCTURE OF STEEL

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental research aimed at developing and improving structural and organizational and technological solutions in projects for the reconstruction of five-story residential buildings of mass development, developing and improving methods of economic justification, measures to reduce the cost of the two considered options, the comparison of which will increase the efficiency of this type of reconstruction using a load-bearing steel frame.

FRACTURES OF THE SOVIET AGRARIAN POLICY ON THE EVE OF MASS DEVELOPMENT OF VIRGIN AND FALLOW LANDS

Based on published historical sources, the article traces the fundamental ideological changes that occurred in Soviet agricultural policy in the first post-war decade. The author has studied the traditional for that period approaches to definition of the most significant problems of agriculture, as well as identified factors that contributed to the gradual reform of this industry.

Сontrol of potato diseases and pests using modern insecto-fungicidal products

Goal. To study the effect of insect-fungicidal dressing agents on the development of diseases and damage by pests to potato tops and tubers during the growing season and during harvesting. Determine the effectiveness of drugs. Methods. Investigated combined dressing agents containing preparations of insecticidal and fungicidal action. The setting of experience, observation, accounting of harmful objects and determination of the effectiveness of the drugs were carried out using generally accepted research methods. Tuber analysis was carried out by determining each fraction in relation to the total mass of potatoes in the selected samples. The yield was determined by the gravimetric method. Results. The use of insect-fungicidal dressing agents for the pre-planting treatment of potato tubers has shown their high efficiency. The effectiveness of the disinfectants against the Colorado potato beetle was 100% the entire period from the emergence of adults to the mass development of larvae. Against dry spot, which dominated in potato plantings, the treatment efficiency was at the initial period at the level of 43.6—53.2%, for the entire observation period — at the level of 26—36%, depending on the preparation. The drugs Emesto Quantum, 273.5 FS, TH and Celest Top 312.5 FS were characterized by a high level of protective action, because with. The use of insect-fungicidal dressing agents increased the yield of healthy standard products by an average of 30% due to a decrease in tubers affected by diseases and damaged by pests. The potato yield in the experimental variants was 2.4—2.8 times higher than in the control (without treatment).The highest yield was obtained in variants with the use of the preparation Celest Top 312.5 FS, because with. and a mixture of insecticidal and fungicidal disinfectants Cruiser 350 FS, because with. + Maxim 025 FS, because with. Conclusions. The use of combined insecticidal and fungicidal disinfectants for the treatment of potato tubers had high technical, economic and economic efficiency. Treatment of tubers 100% controlled the development of the Colorado potato beetle during its mass development and significantly limited the development of Alternaria during the growing season. Due to the limitation of the development of pests and diseases on the tops and tubers, the yield of potatoes in the variants with dressing of tubers was 2.4—2.8 times higher than in the control (without treatment).