scholarly journals Grazing Effects on Species Composition in Rangelands of Upper Mustang, Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
A. Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Palatable Species ◽  
Experimental Plots

Conservation and management of rangelands require clear understanding of species composition. The objective of this paper is to show the differences in species composition, abundance, mean cover and height between the grazed and ungrazed plots in a specific pasture of Lo Manthang VDC in Upper Mustang. Two seasons' data were collected during July (wet season) and November (dry season) 2005. Species richness, Importance Value Index (IVI), cover and height of the species compared between grazed and ungrazed plots. Twenty species (17 belonging to 14 families: high-7, medium- 2, low – 6 and non palatable – 2 and 3 unidentified species) were recorded in the experimental plots. Species richness didn’t show any significant difference in between the ungrazed and grazed plots in both the seasons. On the basis of IVI value, Kobresia spp. a highly palatable species is dominant in the ungrazed plots in both the seasons. A significant difference (Chi2, p < 0.05, d.f. = 7) in cover during July indicates that the pasture has some impact of grazing.Key words: Conservation, Grazed and ungrazed plots, Management, Rangeland, Species compositiondoi:10.3126/on.v3i1.337Our Nature (2005) 3: 69-76

scholarly journals Floristic composition, diversity and structure of Khaya senegalensis stands in Benue Department, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Awé Djongmo Victor ◽  
Noiha Noumi Valery Valery ◽  
Madou Chantal Chantal ◽  
Zapfack Louis
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

The present work has been done to provide basic data for a better conservation and valorization ofKhaya senegalensis stands in Sudano-Sahelian zone of Cameroon. A 100 m x 50 m transectmethod was undertaken to measure floristic diversity through the use of species richness,Shannon index, Pielou equitability, Simpson index, importance value index and importance valuefamily. The vegetation structure is determined by density, basal area and biovolume. Theinventory included trees with a dbh ?10 cm on an area of 1 ha per plot. A total of 6743individuals distributed in 24 families, 33 genera and 54 species were inventoried in all Khayasenegalensis stands studied. Statistical analysis showed significant differences, Shannon index,Simpson index, Pielou equitability, density, basal area, biovolume, species richness, heights class,diameters class, circumferences class but does not certify a significant difference of importancevalue index among in the villages. The undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands is more diverseat Bamé with a Shannon diversity index (ISH=5.87 ± 0.12 bit). The greatest of Pielou equitabilityis observed at Bamé (EQ=0.80 ± 0.01). The largest of Simpson index is recorded at Bamé(D=0.098 ± 0.001). Khaya senegalensis Stands are denser at Bamé (194 ± 3.12 individuals/ha).The basal area and biovolume of Khaya senegalensis stands are very high at Bamé (BA=25.87 ±0.06 m2/ha and Biovolume =15.32 ± 0.012 m3/ha). The species importance value is maximal in allthe studied villages (SIV=300 ± 71.45). The importance value index of species revealed a cleardominance in the undergrowth of Khaya senegalensis stands are Combretum adenogonium;Acacia senegal; Terminalia laxiflora; Guiera senegalensis; Acacia nilotica; Entada Africana.The vertical structure has three aspects, like the L (Dbh), asymmetric (height) and dissymmetrical(circumference) structures attesting to a strong regeneration of the understory ligneous woods ofKhaya senegalensis stands studied.

scholarly journals Effects of grazing on plant species diversity and above ground biomass in a Trans- Himalayan Rangeland

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pokharel ◽  
Madhu Chhetri ◽  
Chiranjibi P Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Grazing Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Palatable Species

Limited information is available on the species composition, above ground biomass and its relations to grazing in a trans-Himalayan rangeland. Its assessment is essential for long term conservation and management. In the present study, we compared species composition, phenology, diversity index and biomass between controlled (without grazing) and open (free grazing) plots to assess the effects of grazing in the selected experimental sites of Upper Mustang during July and November 2005. Species encountered were classified as high, medium, low and non palatable and in three life form categories-grasses, shrubs and forbs. The experimental sites are dominated by forbs (80%) followed by grasses (15%) and shrubs (5%). Disturbance caused by grazing affects the phenological characteristics of the plant community. Result also reveals that species diversity, maximum possible diversity, evenness and species richness was higher in the grazed plots during July and November. A comparison of the aboveground biomass in July showed that mean percentage biomass of high, medium and low palatable species is higher in ungrazed plots. In November, the percentage biomass of only medium palatable species was higher in ungrazed plots and rest of the category is higher in grazed plots. Significant difference in July, a peak growing seasons for most of the plant species in the region reveals that the pasture has impact of livestock grazing. Keywords: Biomass, diversity, grazing effect, rangeland, species Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.25-31

scholarly journals Assessment of non timber forest products in Baghmara Buffer Zone Community Forest, Chitwan, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 209-220
Author(s):  
Udisha Danekhu ◽  
Rajeswar Shrestha ◽  
Sanu Raja Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Status ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products

Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are the forest products except timber used for various purposes from which economic status of the country can be increased through green growth based economy. The study was conducted in Baghmara Buffer Zone Community Forest for the inventory, to document various uses and find out the preferred NTFPs potential for economic development of Community Forest User Groups. Stratified random sampling was applied in which 50 quadrats of size 25m×20m for trees, 100 subplots of 10m×10m for shrubs and 200 small subplots of 1m×1msize for herbs and climbers were taken. Parameters like density, frequency, abundance, importance value index, diversity index, evenness index and dominance index were calculated to find out the ecological status of NTFPs. Questionnaire survey of 100 households was done for studying different uses and interview with 10 key informants were carried out to identify 10 most preferred NTFPs. Altogether, 109 NTFPs were enumerated. Trewia nudiflora, Clerodendrum viscosum, Imperatacylindrica and Mikania micrantha were dominant tree, shrub, and herb and climber species accordingto Importance value Index (IVI). There is significant difference in density of trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers between different sample quadrats i.e. p value < 0.05. NTFPs found were used for medicine, fodder, food, veterinary, dying, handicrafts, crop management, ornamental, insecticides, construction, beverage, piscicidal, religious and miscellaneous purposes. Calamus tenuis, Curcumalonga, Piper longum, Phyllanthus emblica, Asparagus racemosus, Terminalia bellirica, Terminaliachebula, Bauhinia variegata, Tinospora sinensis and Dryopteris cochleata were ten most preferred Non Timber Forest Products from matrix preference ranking.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Species composition and diversity of vegetation in dryland agricultural landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Ardiyaningrum ◽  
MARIA THERESIA SRI BUDIASTUTI ◽  
KOMARIAH KOMARIAH
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract. Ardiyaningrum I, Budiastuti MTS, Komariah. 2021. Short Communication: Species composition and diversity of vegetation in dryland agricultural landscape. Biodiversitas 22: 65-71. Drylands are a part of the terrestrial ecosystems with a relatively larger area compared to wetlands. Selo has dryland with steep slopes and high rainfall, resulting in relatively high soil erosion. The land use in this sub-district is dominated by plantations and agriculture, with conditions that have not been fully balanced by trees as a means of controlling erosion and supporting vegetation diversity. Therefore, studies on biodiversity are important as an indicator of dryland sustainability, especially in terms of soil and water conservations. This research aimed to study the species composition and diversity of vegetation in the dryland agricultural landscape in Selo Sub-district, Boyolali District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Vegetation analysis was performed by using the quadratic sampling technique for tree category, pole category, sapling category, and seedling categories. The results indicated that Fabaceae had the highest number of species. Tree species with the highest Importance Value Index were Toona sureni, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and Casuarina junghuhniana, respectively. The Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index showed that the vegetation at tree, pole, and sapling stages had a moderate diversity, and seedling-stage vegetation had a low diversity.

scholarly journals Population distribution and habitat analysis of Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) in Abbottabad, Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan ◽  
Z. Ullah ◽  
I. Uz Zaman ◽  
M. S. Khan ◽  
S. Mahmood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Point Count Method ◽  
Order Passeriformes

Abstract The Rufous treepie (Dendrocitta vagabunda) belongs to family corvidae, order Passeriformes which includes about 100 species. The current study was conducted to gather information about the Population distribution and habitat analysis of D. vagabunda at District Abbottabad, Pakistan. The data were collected on monthly basis both morning and evening times (2018-2019). “The ‘’Point count Method” was used for population estimation and ‘’Quadrates Method” for habitat analysis of study area. The result shows an average month-wise population density of D. vagabunda was maximum at Jhangra 0.14±0.039/ha, whereas minimum at Havelian 0.11±0.022/ha. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) among monthly population densities of D. vagabunda, however, a significant difference (p<0.05) was found between morning and evening times population of the specie. The present study revealed that importance value index (IVI) of plants species at Sherwan, Bakot, Havelian, Langra and Jhangra were 59.6±12.6, 50.1±6.9, 53.4±6.3, 66.8±10 and 60.1±7.7. Likewise, the frequency of shrubs at Sherwan, Bakot, Havelian, Langra and Jhangra were 33.3±4.2, 45±9.4, 46.7±8.2, 55.6±22.2 and 37.5±8.5. Similarly, the frequency of herbs at Sherwan, Bakot, Havelian, Langra and Jhangra were 40.4±6.0, 37.5±5.6, 53.3±7.4, 48.5±5.2 and 46.9±7.4 respectively. Our results show the study area as suitable habitat for D. vagabunda.

scholarly journals How Timber Harvest Affects the Structure and Diversity of a Montane Forest in Southern Mexico

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 895
Author(s):  
Nayely Martínez-Meléndez ◽  
Neptalí Ramírez-Marcial ◽  
Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi ◽  
Manuel J. Cach-Pérez ◽  
José G. García-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Timber Extraction

Timber extraction directly affects forest structure by opening the canopy, reducing the density and volume of dominant species, and transforming the composition, diversity, and functioning of the forest. We analyze the richness, diversity, and basal area of tree species in a pine–oak montane forest under two stages of the Silvicultural Development Method (thinning and liberation cut treatments) in comparison with remnants of forest considered to be control treatment in the Ocotones forest. Timber extraction began 14 years previously but its effect on the tree structure has not been studied to date in this area. We quantified and measured all the trees with a diameter at breast height >5 cm in 12 0.1 ha circular plots in each treatment. Diversity (Hill numbers) and the importance value index were calculated in each treatment. Observed species richness did not differ between treatments; Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. and Quercus sapotifolia Liebm. were the dominant species regardless of treatment. The principal differences in density and basal area among the treatments were found between the small oaks and small pines. In general, tree density recovered in managed areas because of newly recruited pines and re-sprouting oaks. Although no significant reduction in species richness was detected between treatments, species composition and vegetation structure were modified by the extraction of pine timber and the permanence of many large oaks. Silvicultural treatments appear to create conditions favorable to the maintenance of species richness. The silvicultural interventions in the site meet the objectives of timber production, regeneration, and biodiversity conservation; however, the question of how long the forest can maintain its species diversity and structure after timber extraction remains to be addressed.

scholarly journals Community Characteristics and Coexistence of Four Medicinally Important Plants in Quercus Leucotrichophora A. Camus Forest of Central Himalaya, India.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Prasad ◽  
Jeet Ram ◽  
Beena Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The People ◽  
Open Canopy ◽  
Quercus Leucotrichophora

Abstract Background: The Quercus leucotrichophora is a keystone species in maintaining the biodiversity of several other species and provides ecosystem service to the people residing around the forest. The present study is to investigate the community characteristic and coexistence of four medicinally important plants species viz. Boenninghausenia albiflora (Hk.) Reichb. ExMeissn. Hedychium spicatum (Ham. Ex Smith), Origanum vulgare (Linn.) and Rubia manjith (Linn.) in Quercus leucotrichophora forest in different canopies at three different sites i.e. Hanumangarh, Kailakhan and Pines in the Central Himalaya.Results: In the present study, a total of 81 herbaceous species encountered in the sample, out of which 41 species showed Importance Value Index (IVI) ≥ 5. About 50% species were common in different sites whereas about 54 % species were common in different canopies. There was variation in species richness among the sites (52-67 species), whereas, amongst the canopies, species richness was higher in open canopy and least in close canopy. The co-existence between the selected four species showed a frequency distribution <60% indicating their presence as rare, seldom or often. Amongst the sites, Boenninghausenia albiflora and Origanum vulgare showed its dominance in Pines, Hedychium spicatum at Kailakhan and Rubia manjith at Hanumangarh site. The coexistence between Origanum vulgare and other three species viz. Boenninghausenia albiflora, Rubia manjith and Hedychium spicatum showed negative values, while Boenninghausenia albiflora and two other species viz. Rubia manjith, Hedychium spicatum and Rubia manjith & Hedychium spicatum showed positive coefficient of association. The chi-square in both the cases indicated the values are non-significant resulting not a strong coexistence in the Oak forest, therefore their occurrence together in the community might be by chance. Conclusion: The growth of species in different habitat and association of medicinal plants is important in identifying the suitable habitat and canopy toward future multiplication of the different species in the Himalayan region. The finding of the present study would be also helpful to develop the structure and adequate strategy & plan for conservation and management of habitats, species and communities for their sustainable utilization in different part of the world.

scholarly journals Tree Species Composition and Forest Stratification along the Gradients in the Dry Deciduous Forests of Godavari Valley, Telangana, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sateesh Suthari ◽  
Vatsavaya S. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Godavari Valley

Abstract It is important to understand the tree species composition, abundance, species diversity and stratification in tropical dry deciduous forests that are under threat. A quadrat study was attempted in the dry deciduous forests along the ecological gradients in the Godavari Valley of northern Telangana, India. The study records the presence of 110 flowering plant taxa belonging to 82 genera and 37 families in 120 sampled plots, and there was enumeration of 15,192 individuals of ≥10 cm girth at breast height. Tectona grandis (teak) is the principal forest cover component in the region, which often formed pure stands in Adilabad and, to some extent, in Nizamabad districts. Further down to the Warangal district, teak was gradually replaced by Terminalia alata. Twenty tree species were found dominant at one place to the other, and the top 10 dominant taxa have shared nearly 41% of the total density of the forest cover. The tree relative density ranged from 0.007% to 20.84%. The values of Importance Value Index were between 0.245 (12 spp. including some exotics) and 32.6 (teak). These baseline data help to know the change detection along the gradients in the tropical forest ecosystem of a major river valley in the region and the drivers of change

scholarly journals Factors Influencing Liana Species Richness and Structure following Anthropogenic Disturbance in a Tropical Forest, Ghana

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Addo-Fordjour ◽  
Philip El Duah ◽  
David Kafui Kudjo Agbesi
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The study was conducted to determine the factors that influenced liana species richness and structure in forests of different disturbance intensities (high, moderate, and low disturbance forests) in the Southern Scarp Forest Reserve, Ghana. Within each forest, lianas (dbh  cm) were enumerated in six  m2 plots located along transects. Soil physicochemical properties and forest structure were determined within the plots. Liana species richness and abundance were significantly lower in the high disturbance forest () whereas basal area was significantly higher in the low disturbance forest (). Tree abundance and dbh significantly predicted liana species richness and structure in the study (). On the basis of the importance value index, three main liana communities, each corresponding with a forest type, were identified. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that exchangeable magnesium and calcium, and total exchangeable bases were the main soil variables that affected liana species richness. Liana structure was influenced by the above-mentioned soil variables as well as exchangeable potassium and sodium, and pH. The present study has demonstrated that changes in liana species richness and structure following human disturbance may be due to variations in soil properties and forest structure.

scholarly journals Comparison of point and roadside transect methods to evaluate the abundance and richness of diurnal raptors in the arid region of Rajasthan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259805
Author(s):  
Govind Tiwari ◽  
Puneet Pandey ◽  
Rahul Kaul ◽  
Hang Lee ◽  
Randeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Point Count ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Point Count Method

Diurnal raptors show a wider distribution compared to other groups of birds including passerines, woodpeckers, and seriemas, but occur at lower-than-expected densities. Estimating the precise abundance is essential to achieve conservation goals but the methods used to estimate the populations of birds need to be appropriate to arrive at meaningful conclusions. We compared the two survey methods: roadside point count and strip transects, for estimating species richness and abundance of raptors in the arid landscape of Rajasthan. Roadside point counts and roadside strip transects were done on 50 transects between December 2019- February 2020 (with an average length of 20 km and a total distance of 3000 km) to assess the species richness and abundance of raptors. A total of 2954 observations of raptors belonging to 35 species were recorded using both methods. Mann Whitney U test result showed no significant difference in species richness and abundance estimates between both methods (p = 0.206). The point count method yielded a higher relative abundance of 2.79 individuals [10 km2]-1h-1 than the 1.90 individuals [10 km2]-1h-1 obtained during the strip transect. Also, the number of unidentified species were less for point counts. Extrapolation values indicated that both the methods do not differ much for the detection of unsampled species. The choice of survey method depends on the objectives of the study, but our results favor the use of point counts rather than strip transects to survey raptors in open habitats. The information generated from this study is expected to provide the most efficient method to study the abundance and distribution of raptors in similar landscapes.

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