scholarly journals Determinants of health expenditure from global perspective: A panel data analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 482-499
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Alam Khan ◽  
Muhammad Salman Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Transitional Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

A prominent enhancement in health expenditure is a severe apprehension for the whole world because of the increasing cost of health. Consideration of various aspects that are playing role in the increase of health expenditure need to be considered. Health is one of the significant parts of the world, therefore, improvement in health status has become the main objective of the nations and a top leading goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The main goal of the present study is to investigate the worldwide, and income-based categorized countries (developed, developing, and transitional countries) macroeconomic determinants of health expenditure. The aim is to estimate the health expenditures, and its impact on demographic, economic, and environmental determinants. For the empirical analysis, the data was retrieved from the World Bank, covering the time span 2000-2016 for developed, developing, and transitional countries. The results of the study concluded that macroeconomic variables significantly affect health expenditures. Moreover, personal remittances have a dual effect on health expenditure, i.e. a positive impact on transitional economies, while a negative impact on developing economies. In the same way, CO2 emission has a negative impact on worldwide, developed countries.

Multiple Perspectives for Poverty Reduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 523-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Sofo ◽  
Alison Wicks ◽  
Michelle Sofo ◽  
Riyana Miranti ◽  
Luke Taylor-Ide
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
World Poverty ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
International Fund

The 193 United Nations member countries, focused on halving world poverty by 2015, set eight Millennium Development Goals. A new 2030 agenda for sustainable development has replaced the failed goals; it comprises 17 new sustainable development goals including ending poverty. 1.2 billion people (about 20% of the world's population) cannot fulfil most basic daily needs to live without fear, hunger, or suffering. The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) estimates that more than one billion people in the world live on less than US$1 a day while 2.7 billion struggle to survive on less than US$2 per day. The chapter strategically examines four perspectives (economic, sociological, occupational, and educational) to identify some of the key success factors to ensure the viability of new micro-businesses. A theoretical framework that incorporates these perspectives and the SEED–SCALE methodology is proposed, demonstrating how the establishment of new micro-businesses may be used to reduce poverty in developing economies.

The Impact of the Global, Extensible Electronic Health Record

2011 ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Forslund ◽  
David G. Kilman
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
The Impact

With the arrival of the “World Wide Web,” we have witnessed a transition toward a truly global perspective with respect to electronic health records. In recent years, much more discussion has focused on the potential for international virtual electronic health records and what is required for them to become a reality in the world today (Kilman & Forslund, 1997). As the Internet becomes more ubiquitous and Web-enabled, we see access to electronic health records using these technologies becoming more commonplace. Even so, these Web-enabled health records still remain technologically isolated from other medical records in the distributed continuum of care; much of the standardization challenge still stands before us. We have witnessed startling technological advances, but we still face considerable obstacles to the goal of having globally standardized electronic health records. In this chapter we describe some of the issues associated with Web-enabled health records, the role of standards in the evolution of Web-enabled health records, and some of the barriers to the development of globally accessible electronic health records. We discuss possible ways to overcome these barriers and the kinds of benefits and opportunities that global health records will help provide. The global scale perspective makes more evident the very real and potentially tragic consequences of prolonged and unnecessary delays in deploying these technologies. Therefore, in an effort to promote a fuller consciousness of health safety, the chapter concludes with a comparative look at the negative impact of impediments in the movement toward global extensible electronic health records.

scholarly journals The Relative Effects of Economic Growth, Environmental Pollution and Non-Communicable Diseases on Health Expenditures in European Union Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Badulescu ◽  
Ramona Simut ◽  
Alina Badulescu ◽  
Andrei-Vlad Badulescu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Short Run

National and global health policies are increasingly recognizing the key role of the environment in human health development, which is related to its economic and social determinants, such as income level, technical progress, education, quality of jobs, inequality, education or lifestyle. Research has shown that the increase of GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita can provide additional funds for health but also for environmental protection. However, often, economic growth is associated with the accelerated degradation of the environment, and this in turn will result in an exponential increase in harmful emissions and will implicitly determine the increasing occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancers and respiratory diseases. In this paper, we investigate the role and effects of economic growth, environmental pollution and non-communicable diseases on health expenditures, for the case of EU (European Union) countries during 2000–2014. In order to investigate the long-term and the short-term relationship between them, we have employed the Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. Using the Pedroni-Johansen cointegration methods, we found that the variables are cointegrated. The findings of this study show that economic growth is one of the most important factors influencing the health expenditures both in the long- and short-run in all the 28 EU countries. With regards to the influence of CO2 emissions on health expenditure, we have found a negative impact in the short-run and a positive impact on the long-run. We have also introduced an interaction between NCDs and environmental expenditure as independent variable, a product variable. Finally, we have found that in all the three estimated models, the variation in environmental expenditure produces changes in NCDs’ effect on health expenditure.

scholarly journals INNOVATION, A PILLAR OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN ROMANIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Alina RĂDOIU ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Negative Side Effects

The whole world is constantly changing. We are going through a period marked by challenges that will directly influence humanity. The phenomenon of globalization has come with benefits but also with negative side effects, creating uncertainties and inequalities in social, economic, political and environmental. The great crisis of 2008-2009 had a major negative impact on the economies of the world, and it is still difficult to recover the losses caused. At present, there is an increased emphasis on social and environmental issues, aiming as much as possible towards a sustainable society. With a decade left, the world is working to meet the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. But the challenge is huge, given the current difficult geopolitical and geoeconomic context. The requirements for sustainable development need excellence in innovation. This paper aims to present Romania’s current position on the European map of innovation, as well as perspectives that can influence the future evolution of the national economy in the context of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of the Performance of a Big and Open Economy: The Case of the U.S.

2018 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
O. V. Zhuravliov ◽  
О. М. Simachova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The US economy is one of the richest and most diversified economies in the world and keeps its leadership in the global economy for the past 100 years. The United States is a global leader in computer technology, pharmaceuticals and the manufacture of medical, aerospace and military equipment. And although services make up about 80% of GDP, the US remains the second largest producer of industrial goods in the world and is a leader in research and development. President Donald Trump was elected in November 2016, promising a big gap with his predecessor’s regulatory, tax and trade policies. Therefore, the current socio-economic status of the USA and the possible ways of its development in the future are interesting for studying the impact on other economies, in particular, on the Ukrainian economy and the search for new and optimal ways of developing relations between the United States and Ukraine. Key macroeconomic indicators of the US economy in 2011–2018 are analyzed, demonstrating the influence of Donald Tramp’s new policy on changes in the indicators of the economy, the labor market, trade, etc., as well as possible ways of development in the coming years. The review of key macroeconomic indicators gives grounds for classifying the American economy as healthy one. Rates of GDP growth will remain in the range of 2 to 3%. These rates of growth in the world’s largest economy are callable to ensure a substantial increase in the global activity. But uncertainties in the politics may hinder global growth and have clearly negative impact on the investment growth in developed and developing economies.

scholarly journals COVID-19 lessons learned: a global perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin T. Kavanagh ◽  
Christine Pontus ◽  
Judith Pare ◽  
Lindsay E. Cormier
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
The World

AbstractOne June 15, 2021, infectious disease authorities from around the world participated in a joint webinar to share experiences and lessons learned in combatting the COVID-19 pandemic. One of the overriding goals of the conference “COVID-19 Lessons Learned: A Global Perspective” was to provide documentation of worldwide COVID-19 response strategies, in order to combat the plethora of misinformation and conspiracy theories that are being actively disseminated. This misinformation is having a profound negative impact on controlling the pandemic in many countries. Misinformation which was addressed in the conference included challenging the seriousness of COVID-19 infections, a refusal to recognize aerosolization as the major mechanism of spread, a belief that schools can be opened safely without implementation of extensive control strategies, and that masks and vaccines are not effective. A second goal was the identification of common strategies between nations.  Common strategies included the implementation of a range of closures, mask mandates, travel bans and the need for expanded testing. But of utmost importance there was recognition of the need to implement a coordinated national strategy, which is depoliticized and led by scientists.

scholarly journals Is Pollution a Cost to Health? Theoretical and Empirical Inquiry for the World’s Leading Polluting Economies

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6624
Author(s):  
Ramesh Chandra Das ◽  
Enrico Ivaldi
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Capita Health Expenditure ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Per Capita

Making development sustainable in the long run is the goal of policy makers of countries all over the world. To attain such a goal, countries have to face the dynamics of pollution-income interactions in both the short and long run, which are observed along the well-known Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). In the short run stage of the EKC, rising income and rising health expenditure may lead to rising pollution, while in the long run, as pollution continues, health expenditures increase, besides conservation of capital investment. The former is a common phenomenon in developing economies and the latter in the developed economies. Hence, there are both theoretical and empirical questions on whether health expenditures are caused by environmental pollution or not. The present study has attempted to investigate the issue from the theoretical point of view, through the endogenous growth framework, and by considering empirical observations for the world’s top 20 polluting countries for the period 1991–2019. The results show that per capita health expenditure and per capita pollution are cointegrated in the majority of the countries. However, in the short run, pollution is the cause of health expenditures for many developed countries in the list, and health expenditures are the cause of pollution in some of the developing countries. The results justify the claim of the endogenous growth model incorporating pollution and health expenditure.

scholarly journals Possibilities of Developing Sustainable World by Introducing Bioeconomy: Global Perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
Oleh V. Skydan ◽  
◽  
Maryna I. Yaremova ◽  
Liudmyla V. Tarasovych ◽  
Vitalii Ye. Dankevych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
International Space ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Similarities And Differences

At the time of the study, the world economy is attempting to form a resource-efficient policy. The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolution of the development of strategies and tactics of bioeconomic policy in the international space. The study substantiated the specific features of the implementation of special state and regional programmes of the advanced countries of the world, which differ in socio-economic ideas and prospects for their implementation. The comparative review of strategies identified similarities and differences between them, which allowed to differentiate strategic documents for the implementation of bioeconomic policy in certain areas. The study provides graphic visualisation of distribution of the countries according to the established orientation. The authors of the study proved the convergent difference of bioeconomic policy within each of the above areas by development goals, key objectives, and means of achieving them in a certain spatial dimension.

scholarly journals Determinants of Unemployment in Selected Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ayesha Siddiqa
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Adf Test ◽  
Determinants Of Unemployment

This research gives a new glimpse on determinants of unemployment in developing countries. Unemployment is not only a burning issue in developing countries but also in developed countries, but in this study, the case is related to developing countries. For this purpose data of ten selected developing countries has been taken for the period of 2000 to 2019 from the World Bank. Stationarity has been checked through the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the result showed that all variables were stationary at 1st difference except the variable of inflation. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model has been applied and results show that all variables are statistically significant. GDP, inflation, remittances, exchange rate, and expenditure on education has a negative impact on unemployment while population and external debt has a positive impact on unemployment. Policy recommendations are that if developing economies want to reduce unemployment they have to control population, remove deficit in the balance of payment, control the inflation rate, raise their GDP, earn the exchange rate due to increase in exports, and gain the foreign remittance and have to allocate the more budget on expenditure on education. In light of these recommendations, all economies can achieve economic efficiency and economic development.

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