A Comprehensive Review of Embracing the Normality of Rape Culture: Time to Put a Stop to Victim Blaming

Abstract Gender discrimination against women is a prevalent issue in Bangladesh, but sometimes it is concealed. Rape cases, also known as ―sexual abuse‖ in many cultures, are a special insidious type of sexual harassment. In other contexts, when you are familiarizing with the lifestyle of women, as a social worker it is likely to see victims of sexual abuse due to a large number of abusive offenders. Global WHO figures suggest that about 1 in 3 (35%) of women around the world endure physical and sexually intimate relationships or non-partner sexual abuse during their lives. Domestic abuse is the most heinous form of violence. Approximately one third (30%) of all women who have a relationship comment on physical and sexual harassment witnessed by their intimate partner nationwide. This review investigates several peer-reviewed journals and articles that have been developed for the comprehensive understanding of domestic abuse as rape. Still, this issue of rape must be addressed within and outside the scope of domestic violence. More experiments are conducted with a focus for future studies. The major argument of this review is that while raped women are suffering from the permanent effects of psychological and emotional damage, the issue of rape is not the problem of women. It is squarely a man’s problem. As a society, victim allegation is preached as a flame, but the issue is with ancestors and older generations’ minds and opinions. On a conclusive note, strategies for rape prevention have been discussed. It is crucial to recognize and increasingly teach young children about the effects of sexual harassment and how traditions can be changed to avoid social stigma. Keywords: rape victims, sexual assault, social work, victim-blaming, prevention

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Women, Income and Job Satisfaction: The Women Speaks

Nile Journal of Business and Economics ◽

10.20321/nilejbe.v3i6.92 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Ganiyat Adejoke Adesina-Uthman

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

Sexual Harassment ◽

Informal Sector ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Survival Strategies ◽

Survey Method ◽

Public And Private ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

Highly Skilled

<p>Debate about gender discrimination in public and private offices is far from been over as it remains topical. Women occupy important positions in the society and socio-economic realm especially the informal sector. Little number of highly skilled women competes with men for jobs in order to ensure regular income and other to achieve different home survival strategies, or to meet their obligations in women-headed households. Consequently, this study investigates the level of satisfaction of carrier women in terms of the job and its income. Using survey method, the study seeks to know the degree of gender discrimination in terms of income, nature of job, sex, sexual abuse and how these are affecting women’s job satisfaction. The found that whether pay inequality exist or not it does not affect women’s level of job satisfaction. It also found that 45 percent of them have been exposed to a form of sexual harassment.</p>

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Symposium 18: Sexual abuse in sport: How safe is sport? The experiences of sexual harassment in and outside sport

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e547922012-102 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Kari Fasting ◽

Nada Knorre

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Sexual Harassment

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Moderating effect of partisanship on personal experience with sexual harassment and gender discrimination on the evaluation of political figures

Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties ◽

10.1080/17457289.2021.1901103 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Iris Hui ◽

Bruce E. Cain

Keyword(s):

Sexual Harassment ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Personal Experience ◽

Moderating Effect ◽

And Gender

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Victim Precipitation and the Wage Gap

Industrial and Organizational Psychology ◽

10.1017/iop.2017.100 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 144-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shannon Cheng ◽

Abigail Corrington ◽

Mikki Hebl ◽

Linnea Ng ◽

Ivy Watson

Keyword(s):

Sexual Harassment ◽

Workplace Bullying ◽

Wage Gap ◽

Victim Blaming ◽

Target Characteristics

Cortina, Rabelo, and Holland (2018) accurately cite the general public's overuse of victim precipitation ideologies, or the notion that victims engage in actions that directly bring about their unfortunate circumstances. These ideologies also have permeated industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology and the study of people in the workplace (e.g., women's choice in clothing leads to sexual harassment, certain target characteristics and actions incite workplace bullying). We agree with Cortina et al. that this ideology unintentionally benefits the perpetrator by placing blame and responsibility for nonoptimal workplace situations directly on the target. The field of I-O psychology needs to move away from this model of victim blaming as a remediation for workplace disparities.

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"You Are Never Truly Free" Social Stigma in India and its Impact Upon Rehabilitation, Reintegration and Advocacy for Survivors of Sex Trafficking

10.26686/wgtn.17134574 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Sumu Diya Mukesh

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Human Trafficking ◽

Gender Discrimination ◽

Sex Trafficking ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Cultural Rights ◽

Trafficking Victims

<p>This research examines how social stigmas related to sex work and sexual activity in India contribute to the creation of environments conducive to gender discrimination and the erosion of female rights. It seeks to understand, through the work of anti-trafficking staff and the lived experience of sex trafficking survivors in Kolkata, how this subsequently impacts survivors' ability to be successfully rehabilitated and reintegrated into their communities. Human trafficking directly limits the human rights and freedoms which development aims to facilitate and realise; it is fundamentally a development concern. Violations of human rights are a cause and a consequence of trafficking in persons, making their universal promotion and protection relevant to anti-trafficking. Females constitute 80 per cent of all sex trafficking victims, demonstrating that it is a significantly gendered crime. India is home to 40 per cent of the estimated global slave population, and operates as a destination, transit and origin country for all forms of human trafficking. This research involved semi-structured interviews focused on experiences and understandings of social stigma with eight staff of the anti-trafficking NGO Sanlaap, one staff member of a partnering Government-run shelter home, and one focus group with eight sex trafficking survivors. Data were analysed thematically through concepts of human rights, social stigma, gender discrimination and vulnerability. The results indicated that prioritising the protection and promotion of their human rights was integral to Sanlaap's success in rehabilitating and reintegrating survivors. This research, therefore, reinforces conceptual links between human rights violations and sex trafficking, and argues that preventative action needs to have a more central role in current anti-trafficking efforts. The results demonstrate that stigma is a manifestation of power, which enables the subordination and displacement of vulnerable groups, reinforces inequality and power imbalances, and continues to undermine survivor rights to reintegration. This study also highlights where there is a need to advance discourse about cultural rights and sexuality within anti-trafficking work in India, and to implement broader approaches to women's development as part of sex trafficking prevention strategies.</p>

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STRATEGI DALAM MELAKUKAN TERMINASI PADA KEKERASAN SEKSUAL ANAK DI LRSAMPK DARUSSA’ADAH

EMPATI Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial ◽

10.15408/empati.v8i1.16404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 53-59

Author(s):

Rika Dewi Auliani Usman ◽

Nurul Husna

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Data Collection ◽

Sexual Harassment ◽

Social Workers ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sexual Exploitation ◽

Field Research ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Sexual Crimes

Abstract. Sexual crimes occur not only in urban areas but also in villages. This crime has a big impact especially the majority of victims are children. LRSAMPK Darussa’adah is an institution whose role is to provide services for victims. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of cases of child sexual violence, the strategies carried out by the assistants in terminating and barriers, challenges and support in terminating. This is a field research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation, then the research results are analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the types of child sexual abuse cases handled by LRSAMPK Darussa’adah were rape, sexual harassment, sexual exploitation, neglect of the baby, sexual abuse and abduction for sexual purposes. The accompanying strategy in terminating child sexual abuse cases is to convince the victims’ families and communities by involving referrals, “geuchik”, social workers and related agencies. The challenges of Darussa’adah social workers are when client stakeholders are difficult to ask for information about victims and there are some people who refuse and some accept victims. The support received by Darussa’adah social workers is when the referrals are willing to work together to find ways to facilitate the termination of victims, and also families and there are still people who are willing to accept among the majority of people who refuse victims returning, Abstrak. Kejahatan seksual marak terjadi tidak hanya di perkotaan tetapi meluas ke perkampungan. Kejahatan ini berdampak besar khususnya sebagian besar korbannya adalah anak-anak. LRSAMPK Darussa’adah merupakan lembaga yang berperan memberi pelayanan bagi korban. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis kasus kekerasan seksual anak, strategi yang dilakukan oleh pendamping dalam melakukan terminasi dan hambatan, tantangan maupun dukungan dalam melakukan terminasi. Ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, selanjutnya hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kasus kekerasan seksual anak yang ditangani LRSAMPK Darussa’adah adalah perkosaan, pelecehan seksual, eksploitasi seksual, penelantaran bayi, pencabulan perdagangan dan penculikan untuk tujuan seksual. Strategi pendamping dalam melakukan terminasi pada kasus kekerasan seksual anak adalah dengan meyakinkan keluarga korban maupun masyarakat dengan melibatkan perujuk, geuchik, pekerja sosial dan dinas terkait. Hambatan dan tantangan pekerja sosial Darussa’adah adalah ketika stakeholder klien sulit dimintai keterangan mengenai korban dan ada sebagian masyarakat yang menolak dan sebagian menerima korban. Adapun dukungan yang diterima pekerja sosial Darussa’adah adalah ketika perujuk bersedia kerjasama mencari cara agar mempermudah terminasi korban, dan juga keluarga serta masih ada masyarakat yang mau menerima di tengah-tengah sebagian besar masyarakat yang menolak korban kembali.

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Rape Surveillance through District Surgeon Offices in Johannesburg, 1996–1998: Findings, Evaluation and Prevention Implications

South African Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1177/008124630003000201 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lu-Anne Swart ◽

Angela Gilchrist ◽

Alex Butchart ◽

Mohamed Seedat ◽

Lorna Martin

Keyword(s):

Violence Prevention ◽

Policy Formulation ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Rape Prevention ◽

Institutional Constraints ◽

Future Research ◽

Rape Victims ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Methodological Issues ◽

Information Management Systems

Rape prevention efforts are hampered by a chronic lack of adequate epidemiological and surveillance data. Information on identifying factors such as the who, when, where and how of rape is needed to inform the design of effective intervention programmes. Results from a demonstration Rape Surveillance Project show that records of rape cases presenting at three medico-legal clinics provide a valuable source for the epidemiological surveillance of rape. From January 1996 to December 1998 a surveillance questionnaire was completed for rape victims presenting at the Hillbrow, Lenasia South, and Chris Hani Baragwanath Medico-Legal Clinics in Gauteng. Analysis of the data suggests which women are most at risk for being raped, by whom they are raped, the areas where attacks most often occur, and the day and time when rapes are mostly committed. Despite the limited database and difficulties with generalizing findings beyond the three clinics, it is apparent that surveillance procedures have enormous import for sexual violence prevention and intervention. Implications for prevention strategies, aftercare, policy formulation, and future research are discussed. Methodological issues and institutional constraints are also discussed with a view to strengthening and developing such information management systems.

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